The document discusses the complex relationships between various terrorist groups in Pakistan and their ties to Pakistani intelligence (ISI). It makes three key points:
1. There are many different Taliban factions, and while the Neo Taliban still maintains ties to the ISI, other Pakistani Taliban groups like the TTP have turned against the Pakistani state after an army raid killed tribal children.
2. Groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba are still used as tools by the ISI against India, while groups like Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi are more willing to attack Pakistani targets.
3. The conflict between the Pakistani army and groups like the T
Monthly newsletter of International Council of Security and Safety Management.
The ICISSM web-site (http://sbtyagi.wix.com/icissm), the ICISSM Goggle group (https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/icissm), and the ICISSM LinkedIn Group (http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4413505&trk=anet_ug_hm)
As far as realpolitik Afghanistan is concerned, with or without a deal, the US military want to stay in what is a priceless Greater Middle East base to deploy hybrid war techniques
***
Nearly two decades after the invasion and occupation of Afghanistan post-9/11, and after an interminable war costing over $ 2 trillion, there’s hardly anything “historic” about a possible peace deal that may be signed in Doha this coming Saturday between Washington and the Taliban.
We should start by stressing three points.
1- The Taliban wanted all US troops out. Washington refused.
2- The possible deal only reduces US troops from 13,000 to 8,600. That’s the same number already deployed before the Trump administration.
3- The reduction will only happen a year and a half from now – assuming what’s being described as a truce holds.
Monthly newsletter of International Council of Security and Safety Management.
The ICISSM web-site (http://sbtyagi.wix.com/icissm), the ICISSM Goggle group (https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/icissm), and the ICISSM LinkedIn Group (http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4413505&trk=anet_ug_hm)
As far as realpolitik Afghanistan is concerned, with or without a deal, the US military want to stay in what is a priceless Greater Middle East base to deploy hybrid war techniques
***
Nearly two decades after the invasion and occupation of Afghanistan post-9/11, and after an interminable war costing over $ 2 trillion, there’s hardly anything “historic” about a possible peace deal that may be signed in Doha this coming Saturday between Washington and the Taliban.
We should start by stressing three points.
1- The Taliban wanted all US troops out. Washington refused.
2- The possible deal only reduces US troops from 13,000 to 8,600. That’s the same number already deployed before the Trump administration.
3- The reduction will only happen a year and a half from now – assuming what’s being described as a truce holds.
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss.For real time update Visit our social media handle.Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace.Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Its detailed presentation on the topic"TERRORISM".
Spacialy helpful for Pakistani students because it have a detailed information about terrorism in Pakistan
Its updated in december 2016 and have detail till 2015
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss.For real time update Visit our social media handle.Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace.Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Citadel of jealousy and intellectual stabbing in the backAgha A
LAHORE UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES CITADEL OF JEALOUSY AND INTELLECTUAL STABBING IN THE BACK
I HAVE KNOWN DR ISHTIAQ SINCE 2010 AND I CAN VOUCH THAT HE IS FAR SUPERIOR TO ANY TEACHER OF SOCIAL SCIENCES IN LUMS.
BUT LUMS REMEMBER IS A BASTION OF DOUCHE BAGS .
IT CANT TAKE HEAT , IT CANT STAND ORIGINALITY AND BOLDNESS.
AGHA H AMIN
Starting points for sustainable developmentLars Johansson
“It is important to define what one means with sustainable development. Different interpretations of sustainable development imply different views on how goals can come into conflict and on how to set priorities and target variables when creating sustainable solutions and societies”
Catherine McManus - From Fanad Fisheries to Marine HarvestRealsmartmedia
Presentation by Catherine McManus at the Women and the Sea Symposium, 2015. Podcast available at http://www.ucd.ie/humanities/events/podcasts/2015/women-and-the-sea/
Background
In 2011 NIVEA launched the anti-perspirant Invisible for Black & White. The product was the first anti-perspirant on the market referred to as invisible, leaving no stains on black and white fabrics.
The launch became one of the most successful launches for Beiersdorf at that time.
The years to follow, NIVEA has met increasing competition from its competitors, mainly from Unilever copying the Black and White concept for its Dove and Rexona brands, referring them to as “invisible” anti-perspirants.
Objective
NIVEA came to Madison in late 2014, with the objective to drive sales and maintain leadership on the Black and White anti-perspirants market, targeting the GCC and local community, specifically the UAE and the KSA market.
Insights
From research we had the following insights on what was important to consumers:
-Wearers of the traditional black Abaya, wanted a fabric that would keep them cool in the hot weather but yet not be transparent. They also wanted the fabric to be able to hold the perfume fragrance and not crease easily.
-Consumers are concerned about embarrassing deodorant stains as this makes them feel less confident
Approach
NIVEA developed a digital campaign with the objective to stay close to the local consumer and stay relevant in the market. A campaign that would talk directly to the local consumers and address their needs and concerns that we had retrieved from the insights.
To achieve this, Madison created a campaign, talking to the consumers through the use of a leading Abaya Designer. An Arab designer that would partner with NIVEA and that would vouch for NIVEA B&W and its benefits, as an Abaya designer mainly deals with black and white fabrics.
The Abaya Engineer
NIVEA carefully sourced among several local Abaya designers, a designer who could not only speak to the local consumers but also had an influence on the social media. After a lot of research, Madison found Sara Al Madani as the perfect fit for the product and the brand, a female, young, Emirati Abaya designer, using the pseudo name “The Abaya Engineer”. Not only was Sarah a local sought-after Abaya designer with a big social following, she has also designed Abayas for Madonna during one of her visits to Dubai and the Star Wars movie, episode 7.
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss.For real time update Visit our social media handle.Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace.Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Its detailed presentation on the topic"TERRORISM".
Spacialy helpful for Pakistani students because it have a detailed information about terrorism in Pakistan
Its updated in december 2016 and have detail till 2015
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss.For real time update Visit our social media handle.Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace.Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Citadel of jealousy and intellectual stabbing in the backAgha A
LAHORE UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES CITADEL OF JEALOUSY AND INTELLECTUAL STABBING IN THE BACK
I HAVE KNOWN DR ISHTIAQ SINCE 2010 AND I CAN VOUCH THAT HE IS FAR SUPERIOR TO ANY TEACHER OF SOCIAL SCIENCES IN LUMS.
BUT LUMS REMEMBER IS A BASTION OF DOUCHE BAGS .
IT CANT TAKE HEAT , IT CANT STAND ORIGINALITY AND BOLDNESS.
AGHA H AMIN
Starting points for sustainable developmentLars Johansson
“It is important to define what one means with sustainable development. Different interpretations of sustainable development imply different views on how goals can come into conflict and on how to set priorities and target variables when creating sustainable solutions and societies”
Catherine McManus - From Fanad Fisheries to Marine HarvestRealsmartmedia
Presentation by Catherine McManus at the Women and the Sea Symposium, 2015. Podcast available at http://www.ucd.ie/humanities/events/podcasts/2015/women-and-the-sea/
Background
In 2011 NIVEA launched the anti-perspirant Invisible for Black & White. The product was the first anti-perspirant on the market referred to as invisible, leaving no stains on black and white fabrics.
The launch became one of the most successful launches for Beiersdorf at that time.
The years to follow, NIVEA has met increasing competition from its competitors, mainly from Unilever copying the Black and White concept for its Dove and Rexona brands, referring them to as “invisible” anti-perspirants.
Objective
NIVEA came to Madison in late 2014, with the objective to drive sales and maintain leadership on the Black and White anti-perspirants market, targeting the GCC and local community, specifically the UAE and the KSA market.
Insights
From research we had the following insights on what was important to consumers:
-Wearers of the traditional black Abaya, wanted a fabric that would keep them cool in the hot weather but yet not be transparent. They also wanted the fabric to be able to hold the perfume fragrance and not crease easily.
-Consumers are concerned about embarrassing deodorant stains as this makes them feel less confident
Approach
NIVEA developed a digital campaign with the objective to stay close to the local consumer and stay relevant in the market. A campaign that would talk directly to the local consumers and address their needs and concerns that we had retrieved from the insights.
To achieve this, Madison created a campaign, talking to the consumers through the use of a leading Abaya Designer. An Arab designer that would partner with NIVEA and that would vouch for NIVEA B&W and its benefits, as an Abaya designer mainly deals with black and white fabrics.
The Abaya Engineer
NIVEA carefully sourced among several local Abaya designers, a designer who could not only speak to the local consumers but also had an influence on the social media. After a lot of research, Madison found Sara Al Madani as the perfect fit for the product and the brand, a female, young, Emirati Abaya designer, using the pseudo name “The Abaya Engineer”. Not only was Sarah a local sought-after Abaya designer with a big social following, she has also designed Abayas for Madonna during one of her visits to Dubai and the Star Wars movie, episode 7.
This deck was presented at the "Content Strategy in Service Design" event, hosted by Fjord, a global design and innovation consultancy, and the Content Strategy Southern California group.
Topics covered in MyLivPro's Digital Marketing tutorial:
What is Digital Marketing?
Framework of Digital Marketing
Digital Marketing Strategy
Market Research
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Video Marketing
Social Media Channels
Social Media Strategy
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Mobile Marketing
Data Analytics
Conversion Optimization
You can also watch our video tutorial on youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3oqg3jYaT0eP6v_JJvudSA
A-british-passport-islamist-mad-dog-who-attacks-only-shia-alavis-in-syria-an...Agha A
ANY COUNTRY CAN BE DESTABILISED
WITH A SMALL DIRTY TRICKS BUDGET
A BRITISH PASSPORT ISLAMIST MAD DOG WHO ATTACKS ONLY SHIA ALAVIS IN SYRIA
MY CHALLENGE IS THAT ALL THIS ISLAMIST THREAT IS MANIPULATED STUFF !!!!
A STUDY OF ARMED INSURRECTION AND DESTABILISING A STATE WITH A LOW BUDGET CARRIED OUT IN 2006-7
[ETUDE] Labellisation et santé connectée (IPSOS) AG2R LA MONDIALE
Rapport d'étude Ipsos : Labellisation et santé connectée.
En partenariat avec Medappcare et AG2R LA MONDIALE , par le pôle Média d’Ipsos Connect (Juillet 2016).
If ever a turning point seemed inevitable in Pakistan’s militia policy, it was in the aftermath of the Peshawar school massacre in December 2014. Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) killed 152 people, 133 of them children, in the bloodiest terrorist attack in Pakistan’s history. The carnage sparked an unprecedented national dialogue about the costs and contradictions of the Pakistani political and military establishment’s reliance on violent proxies, such as the Afghan Taliban (from which the TTP originates), for security.
Why does Pakistan continue to differentiate between “good” and “bad” militias in the face of the Peshawar massacre? What are the costs of playing the good-bad militia game? What can be done to end Pakistan’s dependency on armed nonstate groups? In “Reimagining Pakistan’s Militia Policy,” Visiting Assistant Professor of Government at Skidmore College and US-Pakistan Exchange Program Fellow at the Atlantic Council’s South Asia Center, argues that Pakistan’s unwillingness to crack down on all terrorist groups is more a product of cold calculation than ideological shortsightedness. Understanding Pakistan’s close relationship with militias requires recognizing the strategic logic through which many states outsource violence.
SUPREME COURT GETS IT RIGHT ...ON PRIVACY
As historic a judgment as the apex court has ever delivered, it defines the relationship between citizens and the government and will impact the lives of every Indian
Improving U.S.-Pakistan Relations: A Primer for the Trump Administrationcommandeleven
Whether it is through the Taliban and Haqqani Group in Afghanistan who are “killing U.S. soldiers with the support of Pakistan’s armed forces,” or Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and Jaish-e-Muhammad, who are used to “keep India off-balance and bring international mediators to resolve the Kashmir dispute,” everything starts in either Rawalpindi or Aabpara according to the report.
We will be analyzing the major points and providing a clearer picture.
Pakistan: the political, economic, security and trade control context relevant to defence, security and dual use exporters, clarifying what are the main areas of opportunity and risk
Fatal Strategic Mistakes of President Bush in 2001 and hopeless performance o...Agha A
There is no good luck or bad luck but consequences
Fatal Strategic Mistakes of President Bush in 2001 and hopeless performance of US drone when called to support operations
Battle of Gangiri-Heavy Price paid by HM 6 Dragoon Guards for Gallantry Agha A
Battle of Gangiri-Heavy Price paid by HM 6 Dragoon Guards for Gallantry https://www.academia.edu/52632772/Battle_of_Gangiri_Heavy_Price_paid_by_HM_6_Dragoon_Guards_for_Gallantry via @academia
WHY PAKISTAN ARMY OR INDIAN ARMY CAN NEVER PRODUCE A MUSTAFA KAMAL- SOMETHING...Agha A
WHY PAKISTAN ARMY OR INDIAN ARMY CAN NEVER PRODUCE A MUSTAFA KAMAL- SOMETHING SERIOUSLY WRONG IN THE GENES
April 2020
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20723.27689
Project: MILITARY HISTORY
Agha H Amin
Opendatabay - Open Data Marketplace.pptxOpendatabay
Opendatabay.com unlocks the power of data for everyone. Open Data Marketplace fosters a collaborative hub for data enthusiasts to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets.
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Leverage these privacy-preserving datasets for training and testing AI models without compromising sensitive information. Opendatabay prioritizes transparency by providing detailed metadata, provenance information, and usage guidelines for each dataset, ensuring users have a comprehensive understanding of the data they're working with. By leveraging a powerful combination of distributed ledger technology and rigorous third-party audits Opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of every dataset. Security is at the core of Opendatabay. Marketplace implements stringent security measures, including encryption, access controls, and regular vulnerability assessments, to safeguard your data and protect your privacy.
Explore our comprehensive data analysis project presentation on predicting product ad campaign performance. Learn how data-driven insights can optimize your marketing strategies and enhance campaign effectiveness. Perfect for professionals and students looking to understand the power of data analysis in advertising. for more details visit: https://bostoninstituteofanalytics.org/data-science-and-artificial-intelligence/
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
1. Pakistans Soup of Terror--Pakistan in Thick Shit for its own highest
level failures
Agha Sb,
Your analysis is in line with what is cited in Vali Nasr's new book, "The Dispensable Nation."
A CIA officer says that Pakistan now doesn't have electricity, then it will run out of water. It is destined to
go downhill and he thought that even his grand children will be grappling with issues generated by this
country of more than 200 million.
How can the civilians rein in the ambitious money making general staff. By the way Egypt is the same as
us in this matter.
Regards,
Khalid
PAKISTAN OBSERVER---- WRONG FORVER ON THE THRONE,TRUTH FOREVER ON
THE SCAFFOLD--A STATE WHERE THE RULERS AND THE ELITES RELIGION IS
DOLLARS-- IS PAKISTAN A STATE WITH AN ARMY OR AN ARMY WITH A STATE
?????? A UNIQUE STATE WHICH HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH ISLAM OR
DEMOCRACY ! THE MOTTO AND GUIDING PRINCIPLE IS TO APPEAR PIOUS AND
SIN SECRETLY. WHERE PROSTITUTION AND BOOZE IS BANNED LEGALLY BUT
WHICH IS THE BASTION OF ALL MAJOR VICES
Thursday, May 6, 2010
2. FALSE CLAIMS OF PAKISTANI STATE REGARDING WAR ON TERROR AND ITS
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
1. WE ARE IN PROBLEMS BEACUSE OF WAR ON TERROR ? TOTAL LIE
2. OUR TROOPS ARE SUPPORTING US OPERATIONS IN AFGHANISTAN ? TOTAL LIE
PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN HAVE NO CONNECTION WITH WAR ON TERROR
1. FAILURE TO BILL DAMS TO CREATE POWER HAS NO CONNECTION WITH WAR
ON TERROR
2. FAILURE TO TAX THE ELITE WHO OWN 80 % OF WEALTH HAS NO
CONNECTION WITH WAR ON TERROR
3. THERE ARE NO PAKISTANI TROOPS ON THE BORDER WHERE 90 % OF US
TROOPS ARE DYING IN AFGHANISTAN
4. PAKISTAN ACRUALLY EXPERIENCED RECORD GROWTH THANKS TO WESTERN
AID IN BOTH SOVIET AFGHAN WAR AND FROM 2001 TO 2008
FALSE PAKISTANI CLAIMS OF LOSSES IN WAR ON TERROR
US ANTI TERRORSM 10 BILLION USD AID TO PAKISTAN IS ABSURD
AGHA H AMIN
THE WHOLE IDEA OF US ANTI TERRORISM AID OF 10 BILLION USD
SINCE 9/11 TO PAKISTANI IS BU___L SH____T . PAKISTANI STATE IS
USING US AID ONLY AGAINST TTP WHO ONLY ATTACK PAKISTAN
ARMY.NOT ONCE CENT HAS BEEN SENT AGAINST 90 % OF AFGHAN
TALIBAN WHO USE PAKISTANI TERRITORY AS A LOGISTIC BASE , A
DRUG TRAFFICKING ROUTE AND A BASE TO ATTACK US FORCES IN
AFGHANISTAN.
THE WHOLE NARRATIVE THAT PAKISTAN SUFFERED FROM
PARTICIPATION IS A GRAND LIE.
3. AS A MATTER OF FACT PAKISTANS BASTARD CHILD MUSHARRAF
MILITARY JUNTA WAS SAVED FROM ECONOMIC COLLAPSE THANKS TO
9/11
IF PAKISTANI MILITARY IS SUFFERINGLOSSES OR THE PAKISTANI CIVILIANS DYINGIT
IS BECAUSE PAKISTANI STATE IS GOBBLINGUS DOLLARS MEANT FOR TERROR AND IS
VIEWED AS A COLLABORATOR BY ISLAMISTS
4. ON THE OTHER HAND PAKISTANS GENERALS MOSTLY FROM HUMBLE
OR MIDDLE CLASS BACKGROUND MADE HUGE ILLEGAL FORTUNES IN
1999-2008 AND TILL TO DATE THANKS TO PAKISTANI MILITARYS ROLE
IN THE SO CALLED WAR ON TERROR.
IN MUSHARRAF ERA DRUG ADDICTS WERE COLLECTED AND SHOT
AND PARADED IN FRONT OF FOREIGN AND LOCAL PRESS AS
DANGEROUS INSURGENTS.
GRAND LIES AND CONTRADICTIONS ABOUT AFGHANISTAN
5. PAKISTAN HAS NO ARMY ON THE CRITICAL 1500 KILOMETRES STRETCH FROM
ZHOB TO TAFTAN FROM WHERE THE MAJOR AFGHAN TALIBAN INFILTRATION
TAKES PLACE AND WHERE THE ENTIRE LOGISTICS OF AFGHAN TALIBAN ARE
BASED.
IT IS FUNNY THAT EITHER THE AMERICANS ARE ABSOLUTELY NAIEVE IDIOTS OR
ARE A PARTY TO IT ?
6.
7.
8.
9. Posted by Agha H Amin at 7:12 PM
Labels: GRAND AFGHAN LIES, GRAND LIES, MAP AFGHANISTAN
Pakistan in Thick Shit for its own highest level failures
Agha.H.Amin
10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eCmZh63cYY
Agha H. Amin: 'US Afghanistan pullout to fuel terror' - YouTube
1. ► 4:31► 4:31
www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eCmZh63cYY
o Share
May 13, 2013 - Uploaded by RTQuestionMore
One of Nawaz Sharif's main challenges will be to talk to the Pakistani wing of the
Taliban, which was one of ...
In 1978-2001 Pakistans military rulers specialised in exporting
terror.
In the process of exporting terror Pakistani generals and politicians
who did not have money to buy their cars battery or were owning
just one failed industrial plant became multi billionaires.
The civilian puppets who the military installed had no clue and no
role.They were just air stewards in pilots uniform !
What we have are incompetent generals whose prime aim is to
become billionaires ! Mostly from humble backgrounds and that
desperate lower class urge to get rich.That Pakistan will be
destroyed in the process is not an issue !
You find a Pakistani 3 star or 4 stars achievements and these would
be billion rupees plus assets 180,000 USD bullet proof Cygnus , 30
plots in DHA ! His professional achievements would be Nil.
The Result ! A collapsing state which is a suicide bombers factory
producing 10,000 suicide bombers per day !
11. In Pakistan the common man has only two choices ? Kill himself or
kill someone to feed his children !
The Pakistani states vaste majority is in a state of morbid
depression . The Pakistani state sends inflated electric bills to its
citizens .Eats all the foreign aid and the result is looming collapse.
It is not a question of whether Pakistan will collapse and be in grip
of total chaos but only when ?
Agha H Amin
An Alphabet Soup Of Terror
We view things too simply. These are the guys who taught Marco Polo what he learned about
business, negotiations, logistics and operations.
http://www.forbes.com/2009/05/29/taliban-isi-let-jem-lashkar-jaish-pashtun-afghanistan-opinions-
contributors-pakistan.html
CommentaryAn Alphabet Soup Of TerrorBahukutumbi Raman 05.29.09, 9:30 AM ET
An emailed question from an editor at this publication asked me: "Why has the Taliban just attacked
the ISI? Isn't that like biting the hand that feeds?"
This question was in response to the commando-style attack at Lahore, Pakistan, on May 27, 2009,
which targeted the Lahore Police and the local office of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), killing 15
police officers, a colonel of the ISI and 10 other people.
While analyzing the Lahore attack, one has to keep in mind certain ground realities: The first is that
there are Talibans and Talibans, and within each Taliban there are mini-Talibans. There are virtually as
many Talibans in the Pashtun belt as there are tribal sirdars (leaders).
The second ground reality is the clear distinction in behavior and operations between the "Neo
Taliban" of Afghanistan, headed by Mullah Mohammad Omar, based in Quetta, Pakistan, and the various
Pakistani Talibans led by tribal sirdars such as Baitullah Mehsud of South Waziristan; Hakeemullah
Mehsud, who is responsible for operations in the Khyber, Kurrum and Orakzai areas; Maulana Fazlullah
of the Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM), who is a native of Swat; and Sufi Mohammad, his
father-in-law, who is actually from Dir and not Swat. Of these various Talibans, only the Neo Taliban of
12. Mullah Mohammad Omar, which was created by the ISI in 1994 when Benazir Bhutto was prime
minister, still owes its loyalty to the ISI and the Pakistan government.
The Neo Taliban is active against the U.S.-led NATO forces in Afghan territory from sanctuaries in
Pakistan, but it has never been involved in an act of terrorism in Pakistani territory against Pakistani
targets, whether from the army, the ISI or the police. All the attacks on Pakistani territory and on
Pakistani government targets were carried out by different Pakistani Taliban groups or by the Jaish-e-
Mohammad (JEM)--which has transferred its headquarters from Bahawalpur to Swat--and the Lashkar-e-
Jhangvi (LEJ), an anti-Shia terrorist organization.
The third ground reality is the distinction between the Pakistani Punjabi Taliban and the Pakistani
Pashtun Taliban. Though they advocate the same Wahabized Islamic ideology based on the Sharia, their
ethnic compositions differ. The term Punjabi Taliban is used to refer to the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
(HUM), the Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (HUJI), the Lashkar-e-Toiba (LET), the Jaish-e-Mohammad (JEM)
and the LEJ (above). Punjabis constitute the majority of their cadres. All of them except the JEM are
of the 1980s and 1990s vintage. The JEM was born in 2000 through a split in the HUM.
Of these organizations, the LET, like the Neo Taliban, is the favored tool of the ISI, which uses the
Neo Taliban in Afghanistan and the LET against India. Like the Neo Taliban, the LET, too, has never
attacked a Pakistani target in Pakistani territory. In fact, there has never been a confirmed instance of
an attack by the LET on foreign targets in Pakistani territory, lest it create problems from the ISI. The
JEM and the LEJ, however, never hesitate to attack Pakistani government targets, either on their own
or at the instance of al-Qaida. The attitude of the HUM and the HUJI is ambivalent.
The fourth ground reality is that, while the Pakistani Punjabi Taliban and the Neo Taliban have been
in existence for over a decade, the Pakistani Pashtun Talibans are products of the commando raid into
the Lal Masjid (Red Mosque) in Islamabad in July 2007, in which a large number of Pashtun tribal
children, many of them girls, were killed. It was after this that tribal sirdars, including Fazlullah,
Baitullah and Hakeemullah, called for a jihad against the Pakistan army and the ISI in retaliation for
the raid. While the TNSM has been in existence since the early 1990s, the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan
(TTP) was born after the Lal Masjid raid.
The various tribal sirdars, who are supporting the TTP, repeatedly make the following points: First,
they did not want to fight against the Pakistan army; it was the army which forced them to take up
arms against it by raiding the Lal Masjid and killing their children. Second, their real enemy is the U.S.-
led NATO force in Afghanistan, not the Pakistan army. They are fighting against the Pakistan army
because it prevents them from assisting the Neo Taliban against the U.S.-led NATO forces. Third, they
will stop fighting against the Pakistan army if it makes amends for the alleged massacre of tribal
children in the Lal Masjid, removes restrictions on entering Afghanistan to fight against NATO troops
and stops assisting those troops in their war against the Neo Taliban.
The Pakistan army is facing difficulties in its operations against the various Pakistani Pashtun Taliban
groups, because the latter have many Pashtun ex-servicemen from the Pakistani army assisting them--
retired officers as well as other ranks. The attack by the Pakistani Taliban against the ISI at Lahore was
not its first attack against the ISI. It had attacked the ISI twice before, in Islamabad and Rawalpindi,
13. inflicting even greater casualties than it was able to do in Lahore--which, for sure, will not be the last
of these attacks.
Bahukutumbi Raman is a retired officer of the Indian intelligence service. He is director of the
Institute For Topical Studies in Chennai, India.
Understanding Pakistan's Strategic Chaos
UNDERSTANDING WHAT REALLY HAPPENED AFTER 5TH JULY 1977
AGHA H AMIN
5TH JULY 2010
This article written with great conviction was sent to all major Pakistani
newspapers ! But afraid of the army no one published it ! Even the so called liberal
Salman Taseer who also played a policy of playing safe ! Yet this could not save
that clever man from being gunned down !
There is no doubt that Pakistan will be destroyed ! It only a question
of how many more years !
Also below this article is a strategic analysis carried out later but now
its part two.
It was 4th July 1977, Lieutenant General Iqbal Khan told his headquarters staff
that at last Mr Z.A. Bhutto and the opposition alliance PNA had reached an
amicable peace settlement. My father, a newly promoted brigadier, was one of
his staff.
14. On 5th July 1977 General Zia, the army chief, handpicked by PM Z.A. Bhutto
(against the very advice of the Military Secretary's Branch) delivered the fatal
blow; not only to democracy but to Pakistan's future. Martial Law was imposed
on 5th July 1977.
While Ayub Khan, although a usurper, had separated the military from
politics, Zia's system of things imposed the military over politics. That system
unfortunately carries on until today.
Zia's worst action was turning Pakistan into a US-Saudi military base against
the USSR.
This he did not because the USSR was a threat to Pakistan but because Zia's
military dictatorship was under threat from Pakistan's masses and political
forces.
The use of non state actors as state proxies was firmly adopted by Zia as a
cheap tool of foreign policy and this policy was reversed by no one, including the
so-called very secular Benazir or the not so liberal Nawaz Sharif.
Foreign policy - at least the India and Afghanistan policy - became an exclusive
affair of Pakistan's military establishment. No civilian has reversed this policy to
date.
The political fabric of the country was deeply and fatally infiltrated, and all
politicians became tools of blackmail by the state security apparatus.
Benazir Bhutto, although a popular leader, was compromised in such a way
that when she came into power in 1988 and 1993 she dared not interfere with the
military establishment regarding Pakistan's India or Afghanistan policies.
A military relationship with the USA and Saudi Arabia was established which
bypassed Pakistan's political organs as well as the US Congress or Senate and the
Department of Defense. CIA and State Department bureaucrats established a
direct hotline with Pakistan's military establishment. This relationship survived
despite Clinton and remains to this day.
Sectarian and ethnic divisions were encouraged, thus the creation of Sipah I
Sahaba, MQM, the baradari culture in Punjab thanks to the 1985 non party
elections etc.
The judiciary was successfully coerced into submission and dissenting judges
removed by blackmail and persecution. This has remained a fact despite the
Iftikhar Chaudhry phenomena - which was a case of a clash of egos rather than a
clash of principles - as the valiant judge took a stand when pushed against the
wall over a matter of personal survival, having earlier supported the same
dictator in distorting Pakistan's constitution.
15. Religious intolerance was fine tuned and Ahmadis and Shias targeted. A strict
bar on promotion of Ahmadi officers beyond colonel level was imposed in the
military which continued from 1977 to 1992.
Hadood laws were introduced and done in words of a direct participant IG Ch
Sardar Ali so that Saudis could be pleased and milked into giving Pakistan
financial aid.
The sad part is that most of Zia's actions were not reversed.
Benazir came into power in 1988 and 1993 under a secret agreement and
abdicated control over a major part of Pakistan's foreign and security policy to
the Pakistani military establishment. In 2008 also the PPP was allowed into
power by NRO under a shady secret deal and, to date, the PPP has no control
over Pakistan's foreign or security policy despite being the de jure ruling party
of Pakistan.
Nawaz Sharif came near ZAB in being a strong political leader when he sacked
a naval and a military chief, but was chastised with years in exile and a
compromised return to Pakistan under a secret protocol. The new Nawaz Sharif
is a weaker Nawaz Sharif represented by a more pragmatic Shahbaz Sharif in
power, whose first rule of business is to ask the military before doing anything.
Thus while Zia's mortal remains were burnt over the Hindu Shamshan Ghat
over Basti Lal Kamal on that historic 17th August 1988, his system remains in
force with a Pakistan ruled by politicians in name and a foreign and security
policy firmly in the hands of Pakistan's military establishment. This ideally suits
the USA, the Saudis and Pakistan's military establishment.
The gist of the problem is that Pakistan's civilian political leadership has no
clue or control over what Pakistan is doing in Afghanistan, Kashmir,
Baluchistan, or the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). This explains
why the USA has secret agreements with Pakistan's military establishment. It's
safe, it's practical and it's a one window operation!
The weak link in this whole chain is the misuse of Islam by Pakistan's civil and
military elite since 1947. The bluff was called in 2001 and Pakistan is now in the
grip of a civil war (since 2003) with no end in sight. A war which has the
potential of destroying Pakistan unless good captains can deal successfully with
the immensely adverse wind and waves.
The fatal question is can such an anachronistic arrangement last despite being
supported by so called demi-gods like the USA and Saudi Arabia? The answer is
no, as proven by Pakistan's ongoing civil war in the killing fields of Afghanistan,
FATA,the GHQ attack etc !
16. Pakistans generals and their apologists can give a million excuses but the hard
fact is that Pakistan Army is a master in destroying Pakistan as they brilliantly
did under Ayub in East Pakistan and under Musharraf in Balochistan !
5 July 2010
--
Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of
punishment and hope of reward after death." --
Albert Einstein !!!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26. ALL PHOTOS TAKEN BY A.H AMIN
500 S MERCEDES A COSTLY VEHICLE BELONGING TO NAVY SHUTTLING
FROM LAHORE TO ISLAMABAD.DOES THE PAKISTANI TAXPAYER
DESERVE THIS ?
THE PAKISTANI JUDGES WHO HAVE AN IMMENSE SENSE OF STRATEGY
HAVETURNED ALL GUNS ON PAKISTANS POLITICIANS WHILE
FORGETTING ALL SCAMS IN DEFENCE DEALS AND THE INFAMOUS ISI
BRIBE CASE OF 1988
NO MAJOR DEFENCE SCAM WAS INVESTIGATED OTHER THAN THE
MANSUR UL HAQ SUBS DEAL IN PAKISTANS HISTORY AND THE
FINDINGS OF MAJ GEN ZULFIQAR IN UKRAINIAN TANKS DEAL WERE
JUST USED TO OBTAIN RESIGNATION OF GENERAL KARAMAT BY
NAWAZ SHARIF IN 1998.
27. WHAT IS PAKISTAN BY ANY DEFINITION.A STATE WHERE ALL CITIZENS
ARE EQUAL OR WHERE THERE ARE THE SHUDRA MUSLIMS AND
BRAHMAN MUSLIM POLITICIANS AND GENERALS ABOVE LAW ?
Free Counter --------------------------------------------
Embraer delivered the first Phenom 100 jet to Pakistan's Air Force. The Pakistan
government has acquired four of this aircraft model, which will be used to transport
government officials of that country.
The PAF has recently bought the Embraer aircraft of Brazilian origin.
Thisis also the first Phenom 100 to be operated by a government. The country's Air
Force supposedly chose this model after carrying out a detailed analysis of such
aspects as performance, comfort, technology, acquisition price, and operating costs,
among others.
The Phenom 100 jet can accommodate up to eight occupants. Its range of 1,178
nautical miles (2,182 km), including NBAA IFR fuel reserves, means the aircraft is
capable of flying nonstop from Islamabad (Pakistan) to Karachi (Pakistan) or
Katmandu (Nepal), from New York to Miami, in the U.S., or from London to Rome,
in Europe.
For a country like Pakistan it is a total waste as airforce has already a dedicated
aircraft for air chief and airforce officers , senior ones in the past took provide in
flying in regular C 130 flights and much cheaper Mushaks available in plenty.
28. How and why this illogical and costly decision was taken is beyond
comprehension.One can see thes Phenoms regularly landing at Lahore on weekends.
PART TWO:--
Pakistans Strategic Mess is USAs Strategic Mess too
1978 Revolution ,Pakistan and StrategicAnarchy--Pakistans uncertain
future
Agha H Amin
The April 1978 Saur Revolution was a historic event in modern history.
29. While the revolution merits a whole book or many volumes , we will just
very briefly discuss its salient parts.
Afghanistan status as a buffer state was irrevocably transformed into a state where super powers
fought proxy wars.Thus some 98 years of Afghan history of being a buffer state was changed.
Power shifted in Afghanistan from a Durrani-Persianised feudal elite into a
more broad based multi ethnic state.The new leftist regime had Tajiks
,Hazaras and Uzbeks previously regarded as second and third rate citizens !
Although the coups major leaders were Pashtuns from Paktia and Khost like
the indomitable Aslam Watanjar the PDPA was essentially a mix of Persian
speaking urbanised intellectuals organised as Parchamis and a more radiacal
Pashtun section from Paghman Khost and Paktia known as Parchamis.The
Khalqis were rash , bold , impetuous and radiacal , while the Parchamis
were more moderate.
The Saur revolution proved a gold mine for Pakistans illegitimate military
junta of Zia which till April 1978 was politically an illegitimate bastard child
regime.This regime used the Afghan revolution as a pretext to get dollars
from USA and Saudi Arabia.Power shifted in Pakistan from a more
progressive PPP regime to a more Punjabised regime dominated by refugees
from Jullundhur and Batala etc .
30. Since this new clique was fatherless and illegitimate it used religion as well
as caste as a political tool.Thus it outlawed political parties and Pakistani
politics became more ethnic andsub ethnic with Punjab divided into castes
as political forces and Sindh divided into urban and rural ! The division of
Sindh into urban and rural was a planned reaction by the Pakistani illegal
military regime as a counter to the MRD Movement of 1983 which had its
roots in rural Sindh !
Pashtuns were used as cannon fodder by the military junta as proxies in
Afghan war and thus the seeds of religious extremism were planted
in Pakistan .
Foreign policy and all security and defence matters in Pakistan became the
preserve of Pakistani military which continues till to date !
31. All civilian governments which came into power after 1988 elections
in Pakistan were remote controlled by the Pakistani military and when
Nawaz Sharif tried to assert civilian control in 1997-99 he was removed by a
military coup.
It would not be wrong to call Pakistan an army with a country and not a
country with an army since 5th July 1977, with a short stint of full civilian
control by the second PML N Government from February 1997 to October
1999 !
32. There is no doubt that Pakistan is a state with dual controls since 5th July
1977 with a civilian co pilot who in reality is a flight steward and a hidden
real piolt who controls major financial and security issues !
The imbalance in this situation are three new factors i.e (1) religious
extremism which is now on a reverse boomerang course against the
Pakistani elite (2) regional centrifugal forces in Balochistan (3) an increased
foreign interest in Pakistan where foreign powers led by USA see Pakistan as
an anachroninistic and adventurist state .
33. Five cardinal fact stand out in this scenario , (1) The USA severely lacks
long term strategic insight and US policy is run on short term objectives
which is well proven from how it behaved after USSR withdrew from
Afghanistan and till 9/11 (2) Pakistan alone will not be able to restore
strategic stability in Afghanistan or even Pakistan itself .Its military which
controls major part of Pakistans financial and security policy is not
intellectually capable of understanding the immense complexity of strategy
andgeopolitics (3) The Pakistani state will not be able to control Islamic
extremism (4) The multiplicity of state and non state actors can lead to
severe strategic stability culminating in an India Pakistan nuclear stand off.
34. The Islamists are far more powerful than they seem ! The Pakistani military
is not as clever as it thinks it is ! The Americans are strategically pathetic !
Thus the issue will be decided by random and unforeseeable forces !
Certainly what mean mortals who are in charge of affairs in this whole
complex drama want may not happen ! Thus the relative less visible forces
will take over !
The scene is thus set for strategic anarchy ! The real danger is
that Pakistan cannot afford it but it is heading straight into a diasaster
course because it has no able navigator at the highest level !
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE FUTURE STRATEGIC OPTIONS
38. Saif al-Adel is an experienced low intensity conflict man who has
seen his apprenticeship in the Soviet Afghan War.
He had a stint with the US Embassy bombings in Kenya and
Tanzania.
He is known to be a master of the unorthodox and appears to have
read Sun Tzu as well as Sun Pin and Ho Chi Minh.His favourite
method of attack are explosives. He left Egypt shortly after the
assasination of Sadaat a man most despised by Egyptians in 1981 .
After 9/11 he fled to Iran also .And after eating iranian caviar and
palao al qaeda and many other sunni extremist groups have
discovered that the shias are not as bad as brought out in the much
paid by Saudi Arabian propaganda.The way Iran as a state received
many Al Qaeda and Afghan commanders after 9/11 has improved
39. the Iranian perception,while prevalent propaganda mostly saudi
sponsored and financed was deadly anti shia.similarly the way in
which the pakistani state abandoned them for US dollars
significantly diminished the respect for pakistani state in al qaeda
eyes (although non state actors wholeheartedly supported and
sheltered al qaeda after 9/11 in Pakistan).The post 9/11 Al Qaeda is
thus more anti Pakistan and anti Saudi and both states are their
logical targets.Any one of these go down (as is the aimed AQ
strategy) and all US efforts and money wasted in GWOT can be
straight multiplied by zero.
He is regarded as close to Iranians as he was in Iran for a long time
after 9/11 enjoying official Iranian patronage , a good safe house
with ample stocks of Iranian caviar and tuna fish.this makes him
more anti saudi and more any anti state.he may bring an ovopen
change in al qaeda strategy and intensify the attacks on saudi
installations as well as pakistani installations.a younger man who is
more into technology and known to have some most unorthodox
and unconventional ideas about the ongoing great low intensity
war.he will give the corporation a new technical dmension. Demise
of Bin Laden has actually given Al Qaeda a new life with a new
leader who has no qualms or reservations about attacking Saudi
Arabia as well as the Pakistani states.With both states now on the
sharp path to decline and both viewed as most despicable and
dubious by their own masses , Al Qaeda may now resurge as never
before.
They have already redeployed in force in Nuristan,Laghman,Kunnar
and Kapisa provinces.
So we are all set for grand strategic anarchy !
HA HA HA
All this was not inevitable but has many links with US faux pas and
the most inefficient Saudi and Pakistani states both of which are
deeply divided in the war against Al Qaeda.
I have had nothing to do with conventional religion all my life but I
can say with conviction that both Pakistani and Saudi states are not
just equipped or have the capability to fight Al Qaeda ! The question
is not whether it will happen or not but only how many more years
they will take in collapsing !
My fear is that Pakistan will not be able to turn around and the
same is Saudi Arabias fate ! Pakistan is actually almost a suicide
40. bombers factory with ten thousand potential suicide bombers being
produced every day , just because of sheer disgust with exorbitant
official corruption ,unemployment , inflation and hunger !
The key stone in any war against extremists has to be good
governance in countries which are the major areas of
operations.This is seriously missing in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan
where some 2 % own 80 percent of the wealth and pay just 15 to
20 % of all taxes !
The issue why extremism is growing is not Islam but poverty and
lack of equal opportunity !
The reason thus is simply mega corruption and total moral
breakdown in both states ! This includes the Pakistani and Saudi
armies , intelligence , politicians ,police,para military forces as well
as the civil services.
Pakistans Grand Political Contradictions
Agha H Amin
basic aim of pakistan was to eliminate the hindus or sikhs who did not let the UP and
Punjabi Muslims compete in ICS and other examinations.
first a man called syed ahmad afraid of benaglis wanted quotas in the exam.a hindu
pandit from UP first led the delegation to viceroy to ask for job quotas.
the muslim landlords who were heavily in debt also wanted the hindu money lenders
dominated
the muslim industrialists and business men like adamji etc also wanted a position of
unfair advantage.
it was all about class interests but the common man was mobilised by a slogan
pakistan ka matlab kia La Ilaha Illalah , very clever.
Hundreds of thousands died in Punjab and Bengal migrations and Hafeez Jullundhuri
was forced to say
QAFLAY LUT GAYAY , BARBAD HO GAYYAY TO KIA HUA
MUTAMAIN HAIN QAAFLA SALAAR APNAY KAAM SAY
On partitions eve Islam was dumped and regarded as a personal matter whereas in
1946 Election Campaign it was the central matter.
Only 5 % of Indias population voted in 1946 and partition was done.
41. After partition Islam was again forgotten with short outbursts in 1953 , 1965,1971 and
1977.
In 1977 the reactionary classes led by urbanites of Karachi and Lahore combined in
name of Nizam i Mustafa.
In july 1977 the Pakistani military discovered Islam as it wanted Saudi aid and after
1979 US aid , all in name of Islam.
Islamabad which was a modest wilderness with old cars suddenly became prosperous
after 1979 with money in name of Islam and Jihad.
Islam was dropped again after 1988, picked after sanctions were imposed again in
1990s and dropped again after 9/11.
The National Defence College Islamabad actually studied a theme in 2002 that
ideology was no longer fashionable.
Today we have our armies fighting a contradiction just like the Red Army was
fighting the so called Mujahids.
Farce par excellence !
All shall come to a grand diasaster !
Pakistan is a joke and all because its higher and middle classes shamelessly used
Islam to get class advantages.
How to sum up Pakistans history ?
Opportunism par excellence
And where are Pakistans liberals ?
How many Mullahs were in Pakistans National Assembly that declared the Ahmadis
non Muslims in 1974 ? Hardly any ! All done by Pakistans most educated and
brightest sons ?
What a farce !
USA,ISI,AL QAEDA and TALIBAN-Setting Straight Bruce Riedels Strategic Narrative
http://www.amazon.com/TALIBAN-Setting-Straight-Riedels-Strategic-
Narrative/dp/1481007645/ref=sr_1_17?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354667320&sr=1-17
42. The Development of Taliban Factions in Afghanistan and Pakistan: A
Geographical Account, February 2010
Amin, Agha , Osinski, David J. , & DeGeorges, Paul Andre
http://mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=8028&pc=9
43. Taliban war in Afghanistan
http://www.amazon.com/Taliban-Afghanistan--Writers-Transformed-
Perceptions/dp/1480085863/ref=sr_1_5?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354667721&sr=1-5
44. Atlas and History of Wars
http://www.amazon.com/Atlas-Military-History-India-
Pakistan/dp/1480102016/ref=sr_1_7?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354667783&sr=1-7
47. Mans Role in History
http://www.amazon.com/Mans-Role-History-Agha-
Humayun/dp/1480233536/ref=sr_1_9?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354667993&sr=1-9
48. How a private English Company conquered a sub continent
http://www.amazon.com/English-East-India-Company-
Conquered/dp/1480234834/ref=sr_1_10?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354668028&sr=1-10
49. Atlas of a great tank battle
http://www.amazon.com/Atlas-Battle-Chawinda-Agha-
Humayun/dp/1480242284/ref=sr_1_11?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354668289&sr=1-11
50. Atlas of a bloody Indian Pakistan battle
http://www.amazon.com/Atlas-Battle-Chamb-1971-
Humayun/dp/1480247529/ref=sr_1_12?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354668583&sr=1-12
51. A forgotten and Bloody British Failure
http://www.amazon.com/Atlas-Battle-Chillianwallah-13-January-
1849/dp/1480253081/ref=sr_1_13?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354668621&sr=1-13
52. The Pakistani Tank Divisions Failure in 1965
http://www.amazon.com/Atlas-Battles-Assal-Uttar-Lahore-
1965/dp/1480253634/ref=sr_1_14?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354668655&sr=1-14
53. Second World Wars Forgotten History
http://www.amazon.com/Indian-Army-Second-World-
War/dp/1480269107/ref=sr_1_15?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354668691&sr=1-15
54. How Indian Army saved France and Suez Canal
http://www.amazon.com/Indian-Army-First-World-
War/dp/1480274488/ref=sr_1_16?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354668753&sr=1-16
55. Sepoy Rebellion of 1857-59 Reinterpreted
http://www.amazon.com/Sepoy-Rebellion-1857-59-Reinterpreted-
Humayun/dp/1480085707/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354667451&sr=1-2
56. PAKISTAN ARMY THROUGH EYES OF PAKISTANI GENERALS
http://www.amazon.com/Pakistan-Army-through-Pakistani-
Generals/dp/1480085960/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354667488&sr=1-3
57.
58.
59.
60. BOOKS ON PAKISTAN REVIEWED-AMAZON UK
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Books-Pakistan-Reviewed-Agha-
Humayun/dp/1480086193/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354666967&sr=1-1
63. ATLA
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1857
-59
WAR
[PAPER
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Book Description
Publication Date: April 18, 2013
ATLAS OF 1857-59 WAR
Product Details
Paperback: 36 pages
Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (April 18, 2013)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1484155297
ISBN-13: 978-1484155295
Product Dimensions: 9 x 6 x 0.1 inches
Shipping Weight: 3.7 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Military Leadership
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Humayun/dp/1480086649/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1354667524&sr=1-4