The document summarizes Pakistan's international borders with neighboring countries. Pakistan shares borders with China, Afghanistan, Iran, India, and the Arabian Sea. The Pakistan-China border is 523 km long and was determined through agreements in the 1960s. The Pakistan-Afghanistan border, known as the Durand Line, is 2,430 km long and was established in 1893. The Pakistan-Iran border is 909 km long and a border wall is currently being constructed. The Pakistan-India border, known as the Radcliffe Line, is 2,912 km long and became official in 1947. The Arabian Sea lies to the south of Pakistan, with a coastline of 1,046 km.

1. Pakistan(Geographic Location)
Pakistan is located in South Asia and is at the junction of Central Asia and Middle
East, which gives its location great significance. Pakistan's total land border is
6,774 kilometers long and it borders four countries. Pakistan borders India in
the east, Afghanistan and Iran in the west and China is situated at the northeast.
While surrounded by land from three sides, the Arabian Sea lies in the south.
Here we will focus on Pakistan's international borders.
Pakistan-China
The border between Pakistan and China is nearly 523 kilometres long and is
situated in the northeast of Pakistan. A number of agreements took place
between 1961 and 1965 in which the borderline was determined between the
two countries. The famous agreement called the Sino-Pakistan Agreement or the
Sino-Pakistan Frontier Agreement, was passed in 1963 between Pakistan and
China, according to which both countries agreed on the border between
them.Pakistan connected with china through silk-Route of length 965km.Now a
days CPEC also made for trade purpose of length 3000km .Which connects
Kasgar
To Gawader .
Pakistan-Afghanistan
The border between Pakistan and Afghanistan is called as the Durand Line and is
2,430 kilometres long. The border came into existence in November 1893 after
an agreement between Afghanistan and the British Empire. The Durand Line got
its name from Sir Mortimer Durand, who was the foreign secretary of the British
India. He was appointed by the government of British India in Afghanistan to
resolve numerous issues — settling the border issue was one of them.
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2. Pakistan-Iran
The border between Pakistan and Iran is also called the Pakistan-Iran Barrier and
is 909 kilometres long. A concrete wall (three feet thick and 10 feet high) is
currently under construction and would replace the bordering fence. The wall
holds a controversial position as the people of Balochistan oppose its
construction as many of their lands are situated at the Pakistan-Iran border and
the wall would create hindrances for them.
Pakistan-India
The Radcliffe Line became the official border between Pakistan and India on
August 17, 1947. As the border was established by Sir Cyril Radcliffe — the
chairman of the Indo-Pakistan Boundary Commission — therefore it was named
after him. The Pakistan-India border is almost 2,912 kilometres long. When
discussing Indo-Pak border, Wagah is an important place for both countries. It is
the only road border crossing between India and Pakistan, and lies on the Grand
Trunk Road between the cities of Amritsar and Lahore.Wagah is also famous for
'the lowering of the flags' ceremony which is held there every evening, and is
witnessed by a large crowd from both the nations. Wagah is actually a village
from which the Radcliffe line was drawn separating India and Pakistan.
LOC :
Its length is 740Km,it is boundary b/w Azad and jammu Kashmir.it is demarcated
after Shimla Pact 1971.Its is not internationally recognized boundary.It is
diputed area.
Working boundary:
Its length is 325km.The line between state of Pakistan along Sialkot and Indian
held Kashmir.It is called a working boundary because one side of it is
international boder and other is disputed territory .
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3. The Arabian Sea
The Arabian Sea is located south of Pakistan with a coastline of
1,046-kilometres. Pakistan's Indus River drains out in the Arabian Sea. The
Arabian Sea also serves as an important trade route between Pakistan and other
countries, and Karachi is the major port city for conducting trade.
Pakistan(Divisions)
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4. Punjab
Area:205,344 Sq.km
Capital:Lahore
Districts:
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5. Divisions:
Deserts:
(i)Cholistan (Bahawalpur,Punjab)
The word Cholistan is derived from the Turkish word Chol, which means Desert.
Cholistan thus means Land of the Desert. The people of Cholistan lead a
semi-nomadic life, moving from one place to another in search of water and
fodder for their animals. The dry bed of the Hakra River runs through the area,
along which many settlements of the Indus Valley Civilisation have been found.
(ii)Thal (Punjab)
The Thal desert is situated in Punjab, Pakistan. It is vast area mainly between the
Jhelum and Sindh rivers near the Pothohar Plateau. Its total length from north to
south is 190 miles, and itsmaximum breadth is 70 miles while minimum breadth
is 20 miles. This region is divided into thedistricts of Bhakkar, Khushab, Mianwali,
Jhang, Layyah, and Muzaffargarh. Its part in Jhang is on the left bank bank of theFakhar Rana Official

6. river Jehlum. Geographically, it resembles the deserts of Cholistan and Thar.main
town of Thal are Mankera, Hayderabad Thal, Dullewala, Piplan, Kundiyan, Koat
Aazam, Sarauy Muhajir, Mehmood Shaheed Thal, Rang Pur, Jandan Wala, Mari
Shah Sakhira,Noor Pur Thal, and Muzafar Garh. Very deprived area from all
prospectives. Educationa facilities are as low as one can expect. Villages having
population of 10 thousands people are more are striving for high schools.
Situation becomes more worse in case of female education.
Sindh:
Area: 140,914Sq.km
Capital:Karachi
Districts:
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7. Divisions:
Deserts:
(i)Thar (Sindh)
The Thar Desert (Hindi: also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a large, arid
region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. With an area of more
than 200,000 sq. km., (140,000 sq. mi.) it is world's seventeenth largest desert.
It lies mostly in the Indian state of Rajasthan, and extends into the southern
portion of Haryana and Punjab states and into northern Gujarat state. In
Pakistan, the desert covers eastern Sind province and the southeastern portion
of Pakistan's Punjab province. The Cholistan Desert adjoins the Thar Desert
spreading into Pakistani Punjab province. The Thar Desert is bounded on the
northwest by the Sutlej River, on the east by the Aravalli Range, on the south by
the salt marsh known as the Rann of Kutch (parts of which are sometimes
included in the Thar), and on the west by the Indus River. Its boundary to the
large thorny steppe to the north is ill-defined. Depending on what areas are
included or excluded, the
nominal size of the Thar can vary significantly.
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8. KPK:
Area: 74,521Sq.km
Capital:Peshawar
Districts:
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9. Divisions:
Deserts:There is no desert in KPK so it is also called desert free area.
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10. Blochistan:
Area:347,190 Sq.km
Capital:Quetta
Districts:
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11. Divisions:
Deserts:
(i)Kharan Desert (Balochistan)
Kharan Desert) is a desert located in Kharan District, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Pakistan's second nuclear test were performed in the Kharan desert in 1998 May
30 of a miniaturised device yielding 60 percent of the Ras Koh Hills tests.
Gilgit-Baltistan:
Districts:
Divisions:
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12. Azad Kashmir:
Districts:
Divisions:
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13. FATA
Districts:
Dams and Barrages:
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14. Points of Remeberness
Mountains:
1st.Mount Everest/Sagarmatha(Nepal)/Chomolungma(China)——8,848m(29,029
Feet)
Range:Mahalungur Himaliya,Nepal.
2nd.K2/Godwin-Austen---8,611m(28,251Feet)
Range:Karakorm,Pakistan.
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15. Glaciers:
1st. Fedchenko Glacier,Tajikistan----77Km(48mil)
2nd. Siachen Glacier,Pakistan---76Km(47mil)
3rd. Biafo Glacier,Pakistan---67Km(41mil)
5th. Baltoro Glacier---63Km(39mil)
7th. Batura Glacier----57Km(35mil)
Grand Trunk Road(GT Road):
Founder: Sher Shah Suri.
Length: 2,500Km(1,600mile).
East End: Chittagong,Bangladesh.
West End: Kabul,Afganistan.
Gawadar Port:
History:Pakistan bought Gwader port from Oman in 8 September,1958
For US$3milion.After 200 years of Omani rule.
Faraizi Movement(1830-57):
Founder: Hajji Shahraitulla(1781-1840)
Son:Mohsinuddin Ahmad Dudu Mian(1829-67).
Tehreek-e-Hurriyat:
Founder: Mirwiaz Umer Farooq on March 9,1993.
Leader:Gulam Muhmmad Safi.
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16. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan:
Birth: 17 October,1817
Death: 27 March,1898
Work: Founder of Scientific Society (1864),Muhammdan Educational
Conference(1886),Loyal Muhammdan’s.
Area of Pakistan:
Pakistan: 7,96,096 Sq.Km
Punjab: 205,344 Sq.Km
Sindh: 140,914 Sq.Km
KPK: 74,521 Sq.Km
Blochistan: 347,190 Sq.Km
Islamabad: 906 Sq.Km
FATA: 27,220 Sq.Km
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17. Important Pacts & Oraganizations Sign by Pakistan:
OIC:
Eatablished: September 25, 1969.
Headquarters: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Official languages:Arabic, English, French.
Membership:57 member states.
Secretary General: Iyad bin Amin Madani
SAARC:
Establishment: December 8, 1985.
Headquarters: Kathmandu, Nepal.
Members:
1. Afghanistan (At the Association’s 14th summit, Afghanistan became its
eighth member)
2. Bangladesh
3. Bhutan
4. India
5. Maldives
6. Nepal
7. Pakistan
8. Sri Lanka
Secretary General: Arjun Bahadr Thapa
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18. Tashkent Declaration:
Signed: 10 January ,1966.
Location: Taskent,Soviet Union.
Signatories: PM Lal Bhadur Shastri & President Ayube Khan.
Countries: India&Pakistan.
Indus Water Treaty:
Signed: 19 September,1960.
Location: Karachi,Pakistan.
Signatories: PM Jawaharlal Nehru & President Ayube Khan.
Countries: India & Pakistan.
Details: World Bank Played important role and according to it Pakistan got
Indus,Chenab,Jehlam and India got Ravi,satluj,Beas.
Simla Treaty:
Signed: 2 July,1972.
Location: Shimla,Himachel Pardes,India.
Signatories: PM Indira Gandhi & President Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.
Countries: India & Pakistan.
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19. 1st & Current in Pakistan:
Portfilo 1st Person Current Person
Head of State Muhmmad Ali Jinah Mamnoon Hussain
Prime Minster Liaqat Ali Khan Nawaz Sharief
Chief justice Sir Abdur Rasheed Saqib Nisaar
Army Chief Frank Misirivi Qamar javeed bajwa
Air Marshall Allan-Perry Keene Sohail Aman
Navy Admiral James Wilfred Jefford M Zakaullah
Defence Minster Liaqat Ali Khan Khawaja Asif Ali
Foreign Minster Zafarullah Khan Nawaz Sharief
Chief Election Comission Mr. F.M Khan Sardar M Raza Khan
Govener of State Bank Zahid Hussain Ashraf Mehmood
Captain of Cricket Team Abdul Hafeez Kardar Azhar Ali
President of AJK Sardar Ibrahim Khan Masood Khan
PM of AJK Abdul Hamid Khan Raja Farooq Haider
Newspaper Amroz 1947 ________
Chairman Senate Habibullah Khan Raza RabaniFakhar Rana Official

20. Fakhar Rana Official

21. Governers of Provinces:
Province 1st Person Current Person
Punjab Francis Moody M Rafiq Rajwana
Sindh Gulam Hussain Zubair Ahmad
KPK Sir George
Cunningham
Iqbal Zafar jagera
Blochistan General Riaz hussain M Khan Achakzai
Gilgit Balistan Mir Gazanfar Ali Khan
CM of Provinces
Province 1st Person Current Person
Punjab Iftikhar Hussain Mamdot Sehbaz Sharief
Sindh Ayube Khoro Murrad Ali Shah
KPK Abdul Qayyum Khan Pervaiz khattk
Blochistan Attaullah Mengal Sanaullah Zehri
Gilgit Balistan Hafiz Hafeez ur RehmanFakhar Rana Official

22. Fakhar Rana Official