Media Conglomerate in Pakistan
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Media Conglomerates of Pakistan (Express and Dunya)
In this presentation you will get the complete information about known Media giants of Pakistan : there publications, broadcast station and each and everything about their programs, columnists, and talk shows. If I lack something to mention please touch me on twitter @rukhshanmeerpk
Media Conglomerates
Mass media is dominated by a small number of large conglomerates. Through mergers and acquisitions over many years, around six major companies now control around 90% of media in developed countries. This high level of consolidation raises concerns about these companies' outsized economic and political influence over what information is reported and how. While globalization has increased access to information, many nations still struggle with censorship and threats to journalists, and mainstream media ownership concentration risks lack of objective reporting and control by corporate and political elites to advance their own interests over informing the public.
Media & media conglomerates
The document discusses various media conglomerates including their business activities and subsidiaries. It provides information on AT&T, Sony, Time Warner, and Viacom - four major media conglomerates that operate across different sectors like telecommunications, consumer electronics, entertainment, cable TV, broadcasting, publishing, movies and video games. The conglomerates own numerous brands and subsidiaries across these sectors.
Media Conglomerates
The document summarizes several major media conglomerates:
- Time Warner is a global leader in television networks, film, and television entertainment.
- General Electric operates in power, oil/gas, aviation, healthcare and other industries and is among the largest and most profitable U.S. firms.
- Viacom has interests in cinema and cable television and is the world's sixth largest broadcasting and cable company.
- News Corp was spun off from 21st Century Fox and focuses on newspapers and publishing.
- The Walt Disney Company is the world's second largest broadcasting and cable company and operates TV networks, film studios, parks and resorts.
- Sony is a Japanese conglomerate focused on
Media Laws in Pakistan & Role of PEMRA
PEMRA is responsible for regulating Pakistan's electronic media and issuing broadcast licenses. It was established in 2002 to encourage private electronic media and break the state's monopoly. PEMRA issues codes of conduct for broadcasters and cable operators regarding programs and advertisements. The codes prohibit content that is obscene, promotes violence or hatred, defames individuals/groups, or contradicts Islamic values. However, PEMRA is not fully independent as its chairman is appointed by the president and many members are government officials.
Role of media in Pakistan
The document discusses the role of media in Pakistani society. It notes that media can be a double-edged sword, with both benefits and vices. It provides means of communication, expression, and spreading awareness to the masses. However, media can also promote consumerism, westernization, and false values. Overall, the document examines both the positive and negative impacts media can have in building Pakistani society.
Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance 2002 and its Code of Ethics
The Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance establishes a council to implement an ethical code of practice for newspapers and journalists. The council, composed of 19 members including journalists, editors, and media experts, oversees complaints and ensures press freedom and standards. It can form inquiry commissions to investigate ethical violations and recommend actions like publishing apologies or suspending publications. The council aims to balance press freedom with professional responsibility.
Print media in Pakistan
The document discusses the evolution and current state of print media in Pakistan. It covers the establishment of major print media groups like Dawn, Jang, and Nawa-i-Waqt. It also discusses factors affecting print media like economic challenges, technological changes, and government regulations. Benedict Anderson's theory of print culture and nationalism is also summarized, relating how the growth of print helped develop national identity in Pakistan.
Recommended
Media Conglomerates of Pakistan (Express and Dunya)
In this presentation you will get the complete information about known Media giants of Pakistan : there publications, broadcast station and each and everything about their programs, columnists, and talk shows. If I lack something to mention please touch me on twitter @rukhshanmeerpk
Media Conglomerates
Mass media is dominated by a small number of large conglomerates. Through mergers and acquisitions over many years, around six major companies now control around 90% of media in developed countries. This high level of consolidation raises concerns about these companies' outsized economic and political influence over what information is reported and how. While globalization has increased access to information, many nations still struggle with censorship and threats to journalists, and mainstream media ownership concentration risks lack of objective reporting and control by corporate and political elites to advance their own interests over informing the public.
Media & media conglomerates
The document discusses various media conglomerates including their business activities and subsidiaries. It provides information on AT&T, Sony, Time Warner, and Viacom - four major media conglomerates that operate across different sectors like telecommunications, consumer electronics, entertainment, cable TV, broadcasting, publishing, movies and video games. The conglomerates own numerous brands and subsidiaries across these sectors.
Media Conglomerates
The document summarizes several major media conglomerates:
- Time Warner is a global leader in television networks, film, and television entertainment.
- General Electric operates in power, oil/gas, aviation, healthcare and other industries and is among the largest and most profitable U.S. firms.
- Viacom has interests in cinema and cable television and is the world's sixth largest broadcasting and cable company.
- News Corp was spun off from 21st Century Fox and focuses on newspapers and publishing.
- The Walt Disney Company is the world's second largest broadcasting and cable company and operates TV networks, film studios, parks and resorts.
- Sony is a Japanese conglomerate focused on
Media Laws in Pakistan & Role of PEMRA
PEMRA is responsible for regulating Pakistan's electronic media and issuing broadcast licenses. It was established in 2002 to encourage private electronic media and break the state's monopoly. PEMRA issues codes of conduct for broadcasters and cable operators regarding programs and advertisements. The codes prohibit content that is obscene, promotes violence or hatred, defames individuals/groups, or contradicts Islamic values. However, PEMRA is not fully independent as its chairman is appointed by the president and many members are government officials.
Role of media in Pakistan
The document discusses the role of media in Pakistani society. It notes that media can be a double-edged sword, with both benefits and vices. It provides means of communication, expression, and spreading awareness to the masses. However, media can also promote consumerism, westernization, and false values. Overall, the document examines both the positive and negative impacts media can have in building Pakistani society.
Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance 2002 and its Code of Ethics
The Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance establishes a council to implement an ethical code of practice for newspapers and journalists. The council, composed of 19 members including journalists, editors, and media experts, oversees complaints and ensures press freedom and standards. It can form inquiry commissions to investigate ethical violations and recommend actions like publishing apologies or suspending publications. The council aims to balance press freedom with professional responsibility.
Print media in Pakistan
The document discusses the evolution and current state of print media in Pakistan. It covers the establishment of major print media groups like Dawn, Jang, and Nawa-i-Waqt. It also discusses factors affecting print media like economic challenges, technological changes, and government regulations. Benedict Anderson's theory of print culture and nationalism is also summarized, relating how the growth of print helped develop national identity in Pakistan.
PEMRA REGULATION
This document discusses PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority), its objectives, regulatory framework, need for regulation, categories of licenses, terms and conditions of licenses, and economic contribution of electronic media in Pakistan. PEMRA was established in 2002 to improve standards of information, education, and entertainment for people in Pakistan through various media like TV, radio, etc. It regulates establishment and operation of licensees and has formulated rules for licensing and functioning of different types of electronic media. PEMRA aims to safeguard national values while ensuring plurality.
News Agencies
This document provides information on various news agencies operating in Pakistan and around the world. It discusses national news agencies in Pakistan such as APP, PPI, INP, Sabah, NNI, ANN, OINN, PPA, UPP, and Sharp Eye. It also mentions some international/regional news agencies like PTI in India, WAM in UAE, BERNAMA in Malaysia, Xinhua in China, TASS and Sputnik in Russia, and IRNA in Iran. The document provides details on the founding, operations, and services of these different news agencies.
Organization of mass media in pakistan
This document summarizes the organizational structure of newspapers in Pakistan. It describes the main departments that make up a newspaper organization, including editorial, advertising, circulation, printing, administrative, stores, and IT. The editorial department is responsible for gathering, selecting, and editing news content. The advertising department works with advertisers to sell ad space. The circulation department handles distribution. The printing department manages printing processes. The administrative department oversees general operations. The stores department stores materials. And the IT department maintains technical equipment.
Pakistan broadcasting corporation presentation
Radio Pakistan is Pakistan's public radio broadcasting network established in 1947. It aims to inform the public about government policies and social issues. It has various departments like programming, operations, marketing, and engineering. Decision making is centralized with the minister of information at the top followed by the director general and directors of each department. It faces competition from private radio stations and declining listenership due to new technologies but aims to adapt and better serve audiences.
Power 99 is a private radio station established in 2003 that promotes diversity, social issues, and human rights. It uses a democratic approach and has strategic locations and independent studios. It advocates for policy change and supports minority groups and civil society through its programming.
Voa
The Voice of America (VOA) is an international multimedia broadcaster funded by the U.S. government. It provides over 1,500 hours of programming per week in 45 languages on radio, television, and digital platforms to a global audience of 134 million people. VOA's mission is to broadcast accurate, objective, and comprehensive news and information to international audiences. It is overseen by the independent Broadcasting Board of Governors and governed by a charter that mandates fairness, accuracy, and balance.
National News agencies slideshare
The document discusses national news agencies in Pakistan. It provides information on several major Pakistani national news agencies, including the Associated Press of Pakistan (APP), Pakistan Press International (PPI), News Network International (NNI), SABAH, and Asia News Network (ANN). It discusses the history, operations, services, and staffing of APP, which is the largest national news agency. It also provides brief overviews of some national news agencies in other countries like Press Trust of India, BERNAMA, and Xinhua News Agency.
BBC
The BBC is the oldest and largest broadcaster in the world, founded in 1922 in the UK. It is funded primarily through television licensing fees paid by UK households. The BBC operates numerous television and radio stations both domestically and internationally, producing news, entertainment, drama, children's, and educational programming. It has a large budget of over £4 billion and employs over 20,000 staff members.
Cable television
Cable TV was invented in 1948 by John Walson Sr. in Pennsylvania as a way to improve TV reception in hilly areas. It later expanded to bring more channels to viewers. Cable TV was introduced in Pakistan in the 1980s and spread to many cities. It provided more channel options than the state-run PTV. Cable TV has both positive impacts like more educational content but also negative impacts like influencing local culture and wasting time. Regulations aim to address the cultural and ethical issues while allowing cable TV to develop.
PEMRA
PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority) was established in 2002 to regulate electronic media in Pakistan and issue licenses. It aims to improve standards of information and access to media. PEMRA comprises 13 members including a chairman and is mandated to issue licenses for broadcast media like TV and radio, as well as distribution systems. It regulates licensees and can issue directives on matters of policy from the federal government. PEMRA codes provide ethics for programs and advertisements to ensure content is lawful, ethical and respects cultural values.
Mc bride commission
The McBride Commission was established in 1977 under UNESCO to study global communication issues. It was chaired by Irish diplomat Sean MacBride and included media experts from several countries. The commission's 1980 report, known as the MacBride Report, analyzed problems in the world communication system and imbalances between developed and developing nations. It considered complaints from non-aligned nations and tried to understand concerns of Western nations. The report defined issues causing conflicts between Eastern and Western blocs in transnational communication.
TV history and TV IN Pakistan
Television has evolved from early experiments in the 1800s to become a global mass media platform. Key developments included mechanical scanning techniques using disks in the 1920s, the introduction of electronic scanning in the 1930s, the start of regular broadcasting in the late 1940s, and the transition to digital broadcasting by the 2010s. Television plays an important social and cultural role in providing news, entertainment and advertising to audiences worldwide.
News agencies of pakistan
The document discusses several major news agencies in Pakistan:
- Associated Press of Pakistan (APP) is the government-operated national news agency, with bureaus across Pakistan. It was established in 1947 and provides news services, photos, videos and more.
- Pakistan Press International (PPI) is the country's leading independent news agency, recognized internationally for impartial reporting. It was launched in 1956 and has over 300 staff.
- News Network International (NNI) is a private news agency launched in 1992 with headquarters in Islamabad and reporters across Pakistan and internationally. It provides English language news, photos and videos.
- Independent News Pakistan (INP) is Pakistan's third largest private news agency
Media in pakistan (1)
Musharraf can be credited for opening doors to media and introducing media revolution, but relations soured after imposing martial law and sacking chief justice. Zardari era media divided into pro, neutral, anti-government camps. Both granted media freedoms but also tried controlling media through regulatory authorities when faced with criticism. Conclusion states free media informs people, shows injustice to world, and strengthens democracy by acting as watchdog.
Online journalism
Online journalism, strengths and weaknesses, citizen journalism, history of online journalism (including comprehensive history of online journalism in Nepal)
Media conglomerates
Media conglomerates are large corporations that own many types of mass media assets such as movies, music, publishing, television networks, and websites. They range in size from multinational companies like General Electric and News Corp to smaller firms like Hearst Corporation. Many media conglomerates face criticism for concentrating ownership and potentially biasing content, while defenders argue they are meeting global consumer demand. The largest conglomerates include General Electric, Walt Disney Company, News Corp, Time Warner, Viacom, Bertelsmann AG, and Sony.
Media hegemony power point
1) Media plays an important role in shaping public opinion and the dominant elite class uses media institutions to exert control over society.
2) The concept of media hegemony refers to the dominance or control of one group over another through media. Western countries have historically used mass media to disseminate information that promotes their ideological dominance over other parts of the world.
3) After 9/11, American media heavily promoted the narrative that Muslims were responsible for the attacks and used films, cartoons, and news coverage to portray Muslims negatively and justify military actions in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Pemra
This document outlines the PEMRA Ordinance of 2002 which established the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). The ordinance aims to improve media standards and expand choice for citizens. It gives PEMRA the power to regulate electronic media including broadcast, cable, and distribution services in Pakistan. The ordinance establishes PEMRA as the governing body, outlines its functions and powers, and details the composition of its members including provisions for appointment and tenure.
A brief history of radio
Radio broadcasting began in Britain in 1922 with the BBC establishing the first radio station. The BBC later introduced three additional stations - BBC Radio 1, BBC Home (now Radio 4), and BBC Light (now Radio 2). In the 1960s, pirate radio stations emerged and were popular, introducing new music genres. During World Wars I and II, radio was heavily used to communicate with those abroad and at home.
Pemra Laws by Abid Zafar
This presentation is discussing the need of PEMRA Laws, Code of Ethics Given by PEMRA, Constitution of PEMRA etc...
Press council of pakistan ordinance, 2002
The document outlines the Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance from 2002. It establishes a Press Council of Pakistan to implement an Ethical Code of Practice for newspapers and news agencies. The Council will be composed of 19 members including a Chairman appointed by the President. It will receive complaints about violations of the ethical code and appoint inquiry commissions. The Council aims to preserve press freedom while maintaining high professional standards and ethics in the industry. It is granted powers to regulate the press and undertake research related to newspapers.
MEDIA CONGLOMERATES
A small number of large media conglomerates dominate the US media landscape. Disney owns ABC and ESPN, while CBS Corporation owns CBS and Simon & Schuster. Time Warner owns CNN and has a stake in The CW, and News Corp, led by Rupert Murdoch, owns Fox networks and newspapers like the New York Post and The Sun. There is debate around whether this level of concentration helps or harms the public interest and diversity of information sources.
Concentration of media ownership
This document discusses concentration of media ownership and its effects. It notes that progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of mass media. Large media conglomerates dominate globally and a small number control most media within nations. Media mergers allow companies to buy other companies for more power and profits, concentrating ownership further. This concentration can negatively impact competition, diversity of viewpoints, and net neutrality. Deregulation has increased consolidation by removing barriers, though critics argue this reduces the quality and diversity of information provided to the public.
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PEMRA REGULATION
This document discusses PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority), its objectives, regulatory framework, need for regulation, categories of licenses, terms and conditions of licenses, and economic contribution of electronic media in Pakistan. PEMRA was established in 2002 to improve standards of information, education, and entertainment for people in Pakistan through various media like TV, radio, etc. It regulates establishment and operation of licensees and has formulated rules for licensing and functioning of different types of electronic media. PEMRA aims to safeguard national values while ensuring plurality.
News Agencies
This document provides information on various news agencies operating in Pakistan and around the world. It discusses national news agencies in Pakistan such as APP, PPI, INP, Sabah, NNI, ANN, OINN, PPA, UPP, and Sharp Eye. It also mentions some international/regional news agencies like PTI in India, WAM in UAE, BERNAMA in Malaysia, Xinhua in China, TASS and Sputnik in Russia, and IRNA in Iran. The document provides details on the founding, operations, and services of these different news agencies.
Organization of mass media in pakistan
This document summarizes the organizational structure of newspapers in Pakistan. It describes the main departments that make up a newspaper organization, including editorial, advertising, circulation, printing, administrative, stores, and IT. The editorial department is responsible for gathering, selecting, and editing news content. The advertising department works with advertisers to sell ad space. The circulation department handles distribution. The printing department manages printing processes. The administrative department oversees general operations. The stores department stores materials. And the IT department maintains technical equipment.
Pakistan broadcasting corporation presentation
Radio Pakistan is Pakistan's public radio broadcasting network established in 1947. It aims to inform the public about government policies and social issues. It has various departments like programming, operations, marketing, and engineering. Decision making is centralized with the minister of information at the top followed by the director general and directors of each department. It faces competition from private radio stations and declining listenership due to new technologies but aims to adapt and better serve audiences.
Power 99 is a private radio station established in 2003 that promotes diversity, social issues, and human rights. It uses a democratic approach and has strategic locations and independent studios. It advocates for policy change and supports minority groups and civil society through its programming.
Voa
The Voice of America (VOA) is an international multimedia broadcaster funded by the U.S. government. It provides over 1,500 hours of programming per week in 45 languages on radio, television, and digital platforms to a global audience of 134 million people. VOA's mission is to broadcast accurate, objective, and comprehensive news and information to international audiences. It is overseen by the independent Broadcasting Board of Governors and governed by a charter that mandates fairness, accuracy, and balance.
National News agencies slideshare
The document discusses national news agencies in Pakistan. It provides information on several major Pakistani national news agencies, including the Associated Press of Pakistan (APP), Pakistan Press International (PPI), News Network International (NNI), SABAH, and Asia News Network (ANN). It discusses the history, operations, services, and staffing of APP, which is the largest national news agency. It also provides brief overviews of some national news agencies in other countries like Press Trust of India, BERNAMA, and Xinhua News Agency.
BBC
The BBC is the oldest and largest broadcaster in the world, founded in 1922 in the UK. It is funded primarily through television licensing fees paid by UK households. The BBC operates numerous television and radio stations both domestically and internationally, producing news, entertainment, drama, children's, and educational programming. It has a large budget of over £4 billion and employs over 20,000 staff members.
Cable television
Cable TV was invented in 1948 by John Walson Sr. in Pennsylvania as a way to improve TV reception in hilly areas. It later expanded to bring more channels to viewers. Cable TV was introduced in Pakistan in the 1980s and spread to many cities. It provided more channel options than the state-run PTV. Cable TV has both positive impacts like more educational content but also negative impacts like influencing local culture and wasting time. Regulations aim to address the cultural and ethical issues while allowing cable TV to develop.
PEMRA
PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority) was established in 2002 to regulate electronic media in Pakistan and issue licenses. It aims to improve standards of information and access to media. PEMRA comprises 13 members including a chairman and is mandated to issue licenses for broadcast media like TV and radio, as well as distribution systems. It regulates licensees and can issue directives on matters of policy from the federal government. PEMRA codes provide ethics for programs and advertisements to ensure content is lawful, ethical and respects cultural values.
Mc bride commission
The McBride Commission was established in 1977 under UNESCO to study global communication issues. It was chaired by Irish diplomat Sean MacBride and included media experts from several countries. The commission's 1980 report, known as the MacBride Report, analyzed problems in the world communication system and imbalances between developed and developing nations. It considered complaints from non-aligned nations and tried to understand concerns of Western nations. The report defined issues causing conflicts between Eastern and Western blocs in transnational communication.
TV history and TV IN Pakistan
Television has evolved from early experiments in the 1800s to become a global mass media platform. Key developments included mechanical scanning techniques using disks in the 1920s, the introduction of electronic scanning in the 1930s, the start of regular broadcasting in the late 1940s, and the transition to digital broadcasting by the 2010s. Television plays an important social and cultural role in providing news, entertainment and advertising to audiences worldwide.
News agencies of pakistan
The document discusses several major news agencies in Pakistan:
- Associated Press of Pakistan (APP) is the government-operated national news agency, with bureaus across Pakistan. It was established in 1947 and provides news services, photos, videos and more.
- Pakistan Press International (PPI) is the country's leading independent news agency, recognized internationally for impartial reporting. It was launched in 1956 and has over 300 staff.
- News Network International (NNI) is a private news agency launched in 1992 with headquarters in Islamabad and reporters across Pakistan and internationally. It provides English language news, photos and videos.
- Independent News Pakistan (INP) is Pakistan's third largest private news agency
Media in pakistan (1)
Musharraf can be credited for opening doors to media and introducing media revolution, but relations soured after imposing martial law and sacking chief justice. Zardari era media divided into pro, neutral, anti-government camps. Both granted media freedoms but also tried controlling media through regulatory authorities when faced with criticism. Conclusion states free media informs people, shows injustice to world, and strengthens democracy by acting as watchdog.
Online journalism
Online journalism, strengths and weaknesses, citizen journalism, history of online journalism (including comprehensive history of online journalism in Nepal)
Media conglomerates
Media conglomerates are large corporations that own many types of mass media assets such as movies, music, publishing, television networks, and websites. They range in size from multinational companies like General Electric and News Corp to smaller firms like Hearst Corporation. Many media conglomerates face criticism for concentrating ownership and potentially biasing content, while defenders argue they are meeting global consumer demand. The largest conglomerates include General Electric, Walt Disney Company, News Corp, Time Warner, Viacom, Bertelsmann AG, and Sony.
Media hegemony power point
1) Media plays an important role in shaping public opinion and the dominant elite class uses media institutions to exert control over society.
2) The concept of media hegemony refers to the dominance or control of one group over another through media. Western countries have historically used mass media to disseminate information that promotes their ideological dominance over other parts of the world.
3) After 9/11, American media heavily promoted the narrative that Muslims were responsible for the attacks and used films, cartoons, and news coverage to portray Muslims negatively and justify military actions in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Pemra
This document outlines the PEMRA Ordinance of 2002 which established the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). The ordinance aims to improve media standards and expand choice for citizens. It gives PEMRA the power to regulate electronic media including broadcast, cable, and distribution services in Pakistan. The ordinance establishes PEMRA as the governing body, outlines its functions and powers, and details the composition of its members including provisions for appointment and tenure.
A brief history of radio
Radio broadcasting began in Britain in 1922 with the BBC establishing the first radio station. The BBC later introduced three additional stations - BBC Radio 1, BBC Home (now Radio 4), and BBC Light (now Radio 2). In the 1960s, pirate radio stations emerged and were popular, introducing new music genres. During World Wars I and II, radio was heavily used to communicate with those abroad and at home.
Pemra Laws by Abid Zafar
This presentation is discussing the need of PEMRA Laws, Code of Ethics Given by PEMRA, Constitution of PEMRA etc...
Press council of pakistan ordinance, 2002
The document outlines the Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance from 2002. It establishes a Press Council of Pakistan to implement an Ethical Code of Practice for newspapers and news agencies. The Council will be composed of 19 members including a Chairman appointed by the President. It will receive complaints about violations of the ethical code and appoint inquiry commissions. The Council aims to preserve press freedom while maintaining high professional standards and ethics in the industry. It is granted powers to regulate the press and undertake research related to newspapers.
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MEDIA CONGLOMERATES
A small number of large media conglomerates dominate the US media landscape. Disney owns ABC and ESPN, while CBS Corporation owns CBS and Simon & Schuster. Time Warner owns CNN and has a stake in The CW, and News Corp, led by Rupert Murdoch, owns Fox networks and newspapers like the New York Post and The Sun. There is debate around whether this level of concentration helps or harms the public interest and diversity of information sources.
Concentration of media ownership
This document discusses concentration of media ownership and its effects. It notes that progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of mass media. Large media conglomerates dominate globally and a small number control most media within nations. Media mergers allow companies to buy other companies for more power and profits, concentrating ownership further. This concentration can negatively impact competition, diversity of viewpoints, and net neutrality. Deregulation has increased consolidation by removing barriers, though critics argue this reduces the quality and diversity of information provided to the public.
Mass culture & mass society
The document discusses the emergence of mass culture in the 19th century. It describes how mass culture became available to large populations through mass media like print, broadcast, and the internet. Mass culture serves to entertain and distract people, and modern economic development has given people free time and income to pay for entertainment. Mass culture faces criticism for its low quality productions that appeal to basic instincts rather than intellectual growth. However, mass culture also plays an important role in societal changes.
Role of media in Pakistan
This document summarizes the role of electronic media in Pakistan. It discusses the evolution of media from the eras of Ayub Khan, Zia-ul-Haq, and Pervez Musharraf. It outlines the purposes of media as informing, entertaining, and advertising. It also examines both the negative impacts of media such as westernization and exaggeration, as well as positive effects such as promoting democracy and covering natural disasters. The conclusion states that Pakistani media should resolve matters with a positive attitude and work to promote an accurate, positive image of Pakistan.
Media ownership
The document discusses media ownership and provides questions for a revision focusing on Sony and Microsoft. It defines key concepts like conglomerates, convergence, and cross media ownership. It asks for a SWOT analysis of Sony and Microsoft, examining how they have global domination through takeovers, mergers, and vertical and horizontal integration. It discusses issues of power concentration and oligopoly from media ownership as well as consequences like wider audiences and profits. It raises questions about the impact on audience choice and influence over cultural agendas.
PAKISTAN RISE OF MEDIA HISTORY
Electronic and print media have risen significantly in Pakistan since independence in 1947. Radio Pakistan was established in 1947 and began broadcasting from stations across Pakistan from 1948 onwards. Television was first introduced in 1955 but the Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV) was officially established in 1964, launching stations in major cities. PTV now operates several channels and provides satellite broadcasts domestically and internationally. Private channels began in 1990 and expanded greatly after 2002, with over 100 channels now available. Print media also grew, with Dawn established in 1942 and Jang in 1947, which now has a large media group including Geo TV. Both electronic and print media provide news and entertainment across the country in multiple languages.
Newspaper organization
This document outlines the different departments within a newspaper organization. There are 7 main departments: Editorial, Advertising, Circulation, Printing, Administrative, Accounting, and Stores. The Editorial department is responsible for gathering news, editing stories, and overseeing different sections. The Advertising department generates revenue by selling ads. The Circulation department distributes the newspaper through retailers and subscribers. The Printing department compiles the content and prints millions of copies for distribution. The Administrative department handles staffing, training, and records. The Accounting department manages finances, budgets, and tracks revenue and expenses. The Stores department maintains inventory of raw materials and finished newspapers.
Role and impact of media on society final ppt............
The document discusses the role and impact of media on society. It notes that print media includes newspapers and magazines, audio media includes radio, and audio-video media includes television and the internet. It provides statistics on newspaper and magazine readership as well as the number of television channels and active internet users in India. The document advocates for media to be informative, positive, creative, motivating and entertaining. However, it acknowledges that some media can be negative, sensationalized, boring, or crime-encouraging. It calls for an ideal media that is free from pressure, fact-finding, and nation-building.
role of media in pakistan
The document discusses the role of electronic media in Pakistan. It outlines the evolution of media from the establishment of Pakistan Television Corporation under Ayub Khan to the proliferation of private channels today. It notes both positive and negative impacts of media. Positively, media can promote democracy, raise awareness of social issues, and expose corruption. However, it can also sensationalize news, spread exaggerated or one-sided information, and be influenced by powerful groups. The conclusion calls for media to project a positive image of Pakistan while prioritizing accuracy over viewership.
Influence of media on society ppt
The document discusses the influence of media on society. It outlines both positive and negative effects. Positively, media educates people and spreads information quickly. However, it can also encourage unhealthy behaviors in children through advertising and depictions. The document suggests reducing screen time, censoring violent content, building strong family relationships, and praising positive behaviors to counter the negative influences of media on children.
Social institution
This document discusses social institutions and defines them as structured social groups that govern members' behavior and promote social order and cooperation. It examines the key characteristics and functions of institutions, including simplifying social behavior, providing social roles and relations, coordinating stability, and controlling behavior. The major social institutions discussed are the family, education, religion, economic institutions, and government. For each institution, the document outlines their defining features, roles, and how they socialize groups.
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Role and impact of media on society final ppt............
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resource accessibility, coping mechanisms, and future goals. Implications include the requirement for targeted
language proficiency and technology use support, an understanding of adaption processes, interventions to
improve resource accessibility, and equitable public administration policies. The study underlines the importance
of adaptation in various educational contexts, as well as the role of educators and legislators in creating inclusive
learning environments.
KEYWORDS: indigenous college students, adaptation, educational challenges, coping strategies
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
HMS Facebook Stories All V1 06092024.docx
The conversations on Facebook from the Herringswell Manor School group from 2009 to the first half of 2024
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B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径，但认证只是个体行为，不是所有留学生都操作，所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的，他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单，就有了使用价值。
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B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径但认证只是个体行为不是所有留学生都操作所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单就有了使用价值。却也灵机一动立马仰起头双手拢在嘴边朝楼上大喊：“爸爸爸——有人找——那人一听朝山娃尴尬地笑笑悻悻地走了山娃立马“嘭的一声将铁门锁死心却咚咚地乱跳当山娃跟父亲说起这事时父亲很吃惊抚摸着山娃的头说还好醒得及时要不家早被人掏空了到时连电视也没得看啰不过父亲还是夸山娃能临危不乱随机应变有胆有谋山娃笑笑说那都是书上学的看童话和小说时学的不管如何父亲再也不许山娃敞开门坐到门口了父亲递给山娃钥匙说一出门就将门山
On Storytelling & Magic Realism in Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, Shame, and ...
ABSTRACT: Salman Rushdie’s novels are humorous books about serious times. His cosmopolitanism and
hybrid identity allowed him access to multiple cultures, religions, languages, dialects, and various modes of
writing. His style is often classified as magic realism, blending the imaginary with the real. He draws
inspiration from both English literature and Indian classical sources. Throughout his works, there is a lineage of
‘bastards of history’, a carnival of shameful characters scrolling all along his works. Rushdie intertwines fiction
with reality, incorporating intertextual references to Western literature in his texts, and frequently employing
mythology to explore history. This paper focuses on Rushdie’s three novels: Midnight’s Children, Shame, and
Haroun and the Sea of Stories, analyzing his postmodern storytelling techniques that aim to explore human
vices and follies while offering socio-political criticism.
KEYWORDS : Magic Realism, Rushdie, Satire, Storytelling, Transfictional Identities
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra Vinh
ABSTRACT: Motivation plays an important role in foreign language learning process. This study aimed to
investigate student’s motivation patterns towards English language learning at a University in Tra Vinh, and factors
affecting their motivation change toward English language learning of non-English-major students in the semester.
The researcher used semi-structured interview at the first phase of choosing the participants and writing reflection
through the instrument called “My English Learning Motivation History” adapted from Sawyer (2007) to collect
qualitative data within 15 weeks. The participants consisted of nine first year non-English-major students who learning
General English at pre-intermediate level. They were chosen and divided into three groups of three members each
(high motivation group; average motivation group; and low motivation group). The results of the present study
identified six visual motivation patterns of three groups of students with different motivation fluctuation, through the
use of cluster analysis. The study also indicated a diversity of factors affecting students’ motivation involving internal
factors as influencing factors (cognitive, psychology, and emotion) and external factors as social factors (instructor,
peers, family, and learning environment) during English language learning in a period of 15 weeks. The findings of
the study helped teacher understand relationship of motivation change and its influential factors. Furthermore, the
findings also inspired next research about motivation development in learning English process.
KEY WORDS: language learning motivation, motivation change, motivation patterns, influential factors, students’
motivation.
UR BHATTI ACADEMY AND ONLINE COURSES.pdf
UR BHatti Academy dedicated to providing the finest IT courses training in the world. Under the guidance of experienced trainer Usman Rasheed Bhatti, we have established ourselves as a professional online training firm offering unparalleled courses in Pakistan. Our academy is a trailblazer in Dijkot, being the first institute to officially provide training to all students at their preferred schedules, led by real-world industry professionals and Google certified staff.
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STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISM
ABSTRACT: Huzhou has rich tourism resources, as early as a considerable development since the reform and
opening up, especially in recent years, Huzhou tourism has ushered in a new period of development
opportunities. At present, Huzhou tourism has become one of the most characteristic tourist cities on the East
China tourism line. With the development of Huzhou City, the tourism industry has been further improved, and
the tourism degree of the whole city has further increased the transformation and upgrading of the tourism
industry. However, the development of tourism in Huzhou City still lags far behind the tourism development of
major cities in East China. This round of research mainly analyzes the current development of tourism in
Huzhou City, on the basis of analyzing the specific situation, pointed out that the current development of
Huzhou tourism problems, and then analyzes these problems one by one, and put forward some specific
solutions, so as to promote the further rapid development of tourism in Huzhou City.
KEYWORDS:Huzhou; Travel; Development
原版制作(Hull毕业证书)赫尔大学毕业证Offer一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Hull毕业证书)赫尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING agency and service
Social media marketing: strategy, audience targeting, content creation, engagement, paid advertising, analytics, adaptation, relationship building, authenticity, optimization.
The Impact of Work Stress and Digital Literacy on Employee Performance at PT ...
ABSTRACT :This research aims to analyze the correlation between employee work stress and digital literacy
with employee performance at PT Telkom Akses Area Cirebon, both concurrently and partially. Employing a
quantitative approach, the study's objectives are descriptive and causal, adopting a positivist paradigm with a
deductive approach to theory development and a survey research strategy. Findings reveal that work stress
negatively and significantly impacts employee performance, while digital literacy positively and significantly
affects it. Simultaneously, work stress and digital literacy have a positive and significant influence on employee
performance. It is anticipated that company management will devise workload management strategies to
alleviate work stress and assess the implementation of more efficient digital technology to enhance employee
performance.
KEYWORDS -digital literacy, employee performance,job stress, multiple regression analysis, workload
management
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