This document provides summaries of several presentations and reports to be given at the 148th Session of the Executive Committee of the Pan American Health Organization in Washington D.C. from June 20-24, 2011. It outlines the member states of various committees and groups, proposed program and budget scenarios for 2012-2013, and summaries of strategic plans and actions on topics like urban health, climate change, road safety, and others.
Ghana faces a dual burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases. While malaria and diarrhea remain problems, non-communicable diseases like hypertension, stroke and diabetes are increasingly common causes of death. Ghana's health system struggles to address this growing disease burden due to underfunding and understaffing of the National Health Insurance system. Policy changes are needed to improve sanitation, health education, and ensure universal access to healthcare through increased funding from taxes and the formal sector.
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Strategic Plan 2014-2019. Learn more about PAHO's core functions, health initiatives, goals and challenges in finding solutions to health problems throughout the Americas.
it is short overview of health system in cuba .where it is considered as efficient public health system in the world with lowest levels of mortality and morbidity .
This document discusses health systems around the world. It defines a health system and describes key metrics for evaluating health systems like life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and access to resources. Developed countries generally have stronger health systems as evidenced by higher rankings on metrics like life expectancy. Barriers to strong health systems in developing countries include lack of funding, resources, and infrastructure as well as issues like corruption and brain drain. The document recommends strategies for improving health systems like increasing funding for primary care, public-private partnerships, and focusing on preventative healthcare and sanitation.
The Role of Health Insurance in UHC: Learning from Ghana and EthiopiaHFG Project
USAID’s Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project works with partners around the world to support their progress towards universal health coverage (UHC). Protecting families and individuals from catastrophic health costs is one of the pillars of UHC. Health insurance is a key mechanism for providing financial protection. In this technical briefing, HFG shared lessons learned and technical insights from our work in piloting and scaling up community-based health insurance in Ethiopia and supporting Ghana’s National Health Insurance Authority to improve the financial sustainability of its National Health Insurance Scheme.
On Wednesday, March 2nd, the HFG project hosted a webinar featuring technical experts: Hailu Zelelew (Senior Associate/Health Economist, HFG Project), Chris Lovelace (Senior Health Governance Expert, HFG Project), and Jeanna Holtz (Health Insurance Specialist, HFG Project).
More:https://www.hfgproject.org/health-insurance-and-uhc-ghana-ethiopia/
There are numerous changes taking place in South Africa, in the economy, politics and health. All these are interdependent and embedded in a social milieu which brings a number of pressures on health services and systems. The major event in the medium to long term is the impact of the National Health Insurance. Other contextual factors of importance include the range of social determinants of health and disease, with the provision of water, sanitation, electricity and housing being the key services. South Africa will also be influenced in the future by the major diseases it harbours at present. This seminar provided some insight into how these factors will impact on the South African Health Services.
Implementing Pro-Poor Universal Health CoverageHFG Project
From The Lancet Global Health: Countries worldwide are embarking on health system reforms that move them closer to UHC, in many cases with a clear pro-poor focus. Along the way, there is a wealth of guidance on the technical aspects of UHC, such as designing health service packages and developing health financing systems. However, there is very little practical guidance on how to implement these policies.
Motivated by a shared interest in helping to close this information gap, a diverse international group of 21 practitioners and academics, including ministry of health officials and representatives of global health agencies and foundations, convened at The Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center for a three-day workshop from July 7–9, 2015.
The participants shared their experiences of implementing UHC and discussed the limited evidence on how to implement UHC, focusing on a set of seven key “how” questions from across five domains of UHC.
Ghana faces a dual burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases. While malaria and diarrhea remain problems, non-communicable diseases like hypertension, stroke and diabetes are increasingly common causes of death. Ghana's health system struggles to address this growing disease burden due to underfunding and understaffing of the National Health Insurance system. Policy changes are needed to improve sanitation, health education, and ensure universal access to healthcare through increased funding from taxes and the formal sector.
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Strategic Plan 2014-2019. Learn more about PAHO's core functions, health initiatives, goals and challenges in finding solutions to health problems throughout the Americas.
it is short overview of health system in cuba .where it is considered as efficient public health system in the world with lowest levels of mortality and morbidity .
This document discusses health systems around the world. It defines a health system and describes key metrics for evaluating health systems like life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and access to resources. Developed countries generally have stronger health systems as evidenced by higher rankings on metrics like life expectancy. Barriers to strong health systems in developing countries include lack of funding, resources, and infrastructure as well as issues like corruption and brain drain. The document recommends strategies for improving health systems like increasing funding for primary care, public-private partnerships, and focusing on preventative healthcare and sanitation.
The Role of Health Insurance in UHC: Learning from Ghana and EthiopiaHFG Project
USAID’s Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project works with partners around the world to support their progress towards universal health coverage (UHC). Protecting families and individuals from catastrophic health costs is one of the pillars of UHC. Health insurance is a key mechanism for providing financial protection. In this technical briefing, HFG shared lessons learned and technical insights from our work in piloting and scaling up community-based health insurance in Ethiopia and supporting Ghana’s National Health Insurance Authority to improve the financial sustainability of its National Health Insurance Scheme.
On Wednesday, March 2nd, the HFG project hosted a webinar featuring technical experts: Hailu Zelelew (Senior Associate/Health Economist, HFG Project), Chris Lovelace (Senior Health Governance Expert, HFG Project), and Jeanna Holtz (Health Insurance Specialist, HFG Project).
More:https://www.hfgproject.org/health-insurance-and-uhc-ghana-ethiopia/
There are numerous changes taking place in South Africa, in the economy, politics and health. All these are interdependent and embedded in a social milieu which brings a number of pressures on health services and systems. The major event in the medium to long term is the impact of the National Health Insurance. Other contextual factors of importance include the range of social determinants of health and disease, with the provision of water, sanitation, electricity and housing being the key services. South Africa will also be influenced in the future by the major diseases it harbours at present. This seminar provided some insight into how these factors will impact on the South African Health Services.
Implementing Pro-Poor Universal Health CoverageHFG Project
From The Lancet Global Health: Countries worldwide are embarking on health system reforms that move them closer to UHC, in many cases with a clear pro-poor focus. Along the way, there is a wealth of guidance on the technical aspects of UHC, such as designing health service packages and developing health financing systems. However, there is very little practical guidance on how to implement these policies.
Motivated by a shared interest in helping to close this information gap, a diverse international group of 21 practitioners and academics, including ministry of health officials and representatives of global health agencies and foundations, convened at The Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center for a three-day workshop from July 7–9, 2015.
The participants shared their experiences of implementing UHC and discussed the limited evidence on how to implement UHC, focusing on a set of seven key “how” questions from across five domains of UHC.
MRC/HIVAN KZN AIDS Forum - 30/10/12 - Challenges and Opportunities for HIV/AI...info4africa
This presentation was given on 30/10/12 at the MRC/HIVAN KZN AIDS Forum.
Co-presented by Kwazi Mbatha (CEGAA Researcher/Trainer) and Mlungisi Vila kasi (TAC Community Mobiliser - uMgungundlovu), this talk was facilitated by Judith King (CEGAA Communications and Advocacy Manager).
For more information on CEGAA please visit their website: http://www.cegaa.org/
Presented at “Financial Protection and Improved Access to Health Care: Peer-to-Peer Learning Workshop Finding Solutions to Common Challenges” in Accra, Ghana, February 2016. To learn more, visit: https://www.hfgproject.org/ghana-uhc-workshop
Mobile health apps for low income communitiesApp Master
Mobile applications show promise in positively impacting obesity and related health issues among low-income communities. However, current apps may not fully meet the needs of these groups, who face challenges around access, literacy and resources. Developing apps that leverage public data and tailor design/content for these audiences could help address inequities and better support healthy behaviors through education, access to services, monitoring progress, and interventions. Applications for Good seeks to facilitate such app development and research into mobile technologies for improving health outcomes in low socio-economic status communities.
Policy Brief: What Steps Are Countries Taking To Implement Pro-Poor Universal...HFG Project
Universal health coverage (UHC)—ensuring that everyone has access to quality, affordable health services when needed—can be a vehicle for improved equity, health, financial well-being, and economic development. In its 2013 report, Global Health 2035: A World Converging within a Generation, the Commission on Investing in Health made the case that pro-poor pathways towards UHC, which target the poor from the outset, are the most efficient way to achieve both improved health outcomes and increased financial protection (FP). Countries worldwide are now embarking on health system changes to move closer to achieving UHC, often with a clear pro-poor intent.
Much has been written about what steps countries have taken and are currently taking to: (1) set and expand guaranteed services, (2) develop health financing systems to fund guaranteed services and ensure FP, (3) ensure high-quality service availability and delivery, (4) improve governance and management of the health sector, and (5) strengthen other aspects of health systems to move closer to UHC. As background for a meeting on UHC implementation, held at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center, Italy, from 7–9 July 2015, we reviewed this body of literature, and conducted interviews with global UHC implementers and researchers. In this short policy brief, we synthesize the key messages from the literature and interviews.
Universal health coverage (UHC)—ensuring that everyone has access to quality, affordable health services when needed—can be a vehicle for improved equity, health, financial well-being, and economic development. In its 2013 report, Global Health 2035, the Commission on Investing in Health (CIH) made the case that progressive (“pro-poor”) pathways towards UHC, which target the poor from the outset, are the most efficient way to achieve both improved health outcomes and increased financial protection (FP). Countries worldwide are now embarking on health system changes to move closer to achieving UHC, often with a clear pro-poor intent. While they can draw on guidance related to the technical aspects of UHC (the “what” of UHC), such as on service package design, there is less information on the “how” of UHC—that is, on how to maximize the chances of successful implementation.
Motivated by a shared interest in helping to close this information gap, a diverse international group of 21 practitioners and academics, including ministry of health officials and representatives of global health agencies and foundations, convened at The Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center for a three-day workshop from July 7–9, 2015. The participants shared their experiences of implementing UHC and discussed the limited evidence on how to implement UHC, focusing on a set of seven key “how” questions from across five domains of UHC.
The National Cancer Control Programme aims to control cancer in India through primary prevention, early detection, treatment, and palliative care. Key goals include preventing cancers caused by tobacco, screening and diagnosing cervical and breast cancers early, strengthening cancer treatment facilities, and providing palliative care. Over 8-9 lakh new cancer cases occur annually in India. The programme supports 27 Regional Cancer Centers, has developed oncology wings in 82 medical institutions, and runs 28 District Cancer Control Programmes.
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted several lessons for emergency management. It showed that while pandemics can't be predicted precisely, they are not unexpected occurrences. COVID-19 shared many similarities to the 1918 influenza pandemic in its transmission, symptoms, and impact. Managing the pandemic required balancing public health measures to control the spread of the virus with economic concerns, and different countries had varying levels of success with their responses. The pandemic significantly impacted critical infrastructure sectors and underscored the importance of protecting essential workers. It also demonstrated the power of misinformation spread on social media and the need for transparent, fact-based risk communication. Data analytics proved crucial for decision-making during the dynamic pandemic. The role of emergency management was challenged by the prolonged
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Senegal: Implementation Status and OutlookHFG Project
Presented at “Financial Protection and Improved Access to Health Care: Peer-to-Peer Learning Workshop Finding Solutions to Common Challenges” in Accra, Ghana, February 2016. To learn more, visit: https://www.hfgproject.org/ghana-uhc-workshop
This document provides an overview of health insurance schemes in low and middle income countries. It defines low, lower middle, and upper middle income countries based on GNI per capita. It then discusses the types of health insurance schemes commonly implemented in LMICs, including social/national health insurance funded through taxes and contributions, private health insurance, and community-based health insurance. The document also discusses factors that affect enrollment in these schemes and provides examples of specific country implementations, challenges faced, and opportunities to expand coverage.
Community Health Financing as a Pathway to Universal Health Coverage: Synthes...HFG Project
Community-based health insurance (CBHI) emerged in West Africa the 1990s as a grassroots response among rural and poor communities to fees charged by private and public clinics and hospitals. Three countries – Ghana, Senegal, and Ethiopia – have leveraged CBHI in different ways to expand publicly funded coverage to the informal sector in rural and urban settings. This paper synthesizes the experiences from these three countries to illustrate the role that CBHI can play in UHC.
Preparing for future shocks: Building resilient health systemsHFG Project
Presentation at USAID's Global Health Mini-University on Friday, March 4, 2016.
Preparing for Future Shocks: Building Resilient Health Systems
Kate Greene (HFG), Bob Emrey (USAID/GH/OHS), Jodi Charles (USAID/GH/OHS), Temitayo Ifafore, (USAID/GH/OHS)
After the recent Ebola outbreak, global health experts have turned to resilience frameworks used by other fields such as agriculture and engineering to understand how to build health systems that can withstand shocks, including infectious disease outbreaks, natural disasters, and political conflict. Speakers will first briefly outline each of the five key elements of the Resilience Framework, adapted from the Rockefeller Foundation and presented in a Lancet article in 2015, that can be applied to health systems. Participants will then work in small groups to discuss which health systems interventions should be pursued in response to a one-page description of an unnamed country. Speakers will then reveal what real-world interventions they designed for the country example and answer questions.
Ethiopia’s Health Financing Outlook: What Six Rounds of Health Accounts Tell UsHFG Project
The document summarizes key findings from six rounds of health accounts conducted in Ethiopia since 1995. It finds that total health expenditure has grown significantly but remains low per capita. Government spending on health has increased in amount but fluctuated as a percentage of total spending between 16-39%. Household out-of-pocket spending remains high at 33% on average. The majority of spending is on curative care rather than preventive services. Regular production of health accounts data helps Ethiopia monitor progress on health financing goals.
Essential Packages of Health Services: A Landscape Analysis of 24 EPCMD Count...HFG Project
On Wednesday, January 20, USAID’s Office of Health Systems (GH/OHS) and the Health Finance & Governance (HFG) Project hosted a technical briefing session to explore essential packages of health services (EPHS) in the 24 USAID Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Deaths (EPCMD) priority countries. An EPHS is a public policy tool for governing the health sector; it comprises those health care services that the government is providing or is aspiring to provide to its citizens in an equitable manner.
Jodi Charles (USAID/GH/OHS), Jeremy Kanthor (HFG), and Jenna Wright (HFG) presented HFG’s recently completed analysis of the 24 EPCMD countries’ EPHS and government strategies for guaranteeing those health services. The technical briefing presented the cross-cutting themes identified through the analysis and included a discussion about how EPHS contributes to better governance of the health sector.
The briefing, which was held at USAID and made available via webinar, drew a large audience of more than 75 participants, including USAID staff, implementing partners, and ministry of health staff from partner countries.
“This is a tremendously rich data set because it helps us to see the gaps, and it will help us to target our efforts toward those gaps,” said Karen Cavanaugh, Director of USAID’s Office of Health Systems, during the question and answer session.
The technical briefing presentation and country snapshots are available on the HFG website.
1) The Salud Mesoamérica 2015 Initiative (SM2015) is a public-private partnership aimed at reducing maternal and child health inequalities in Central America and Chiapas, Mexico through a results-based financing model.
2) The results-based financing model provides initial funding to implement evidence-based maternal and child health interventions for the poorest 20% of populations, and provides additional incentive funds if countries meet at least 80% of agreed-upon targets.
3) Surveys found that coverage of important interventions and health outcomes remained low for the poorest populations, revealing inequalities hidden by national averages. However, countries made advances in increasing availability of supplies and equipment, and coverage of certain
It is a Citizen Engagement Project of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Engaging Citizens: A Game Changer for Development?". The objetive of Project is to create a sustained national multi stakeholder dialogue in health. That aim to legitimately decide about coverage benefit plan and resource allocation with the objective of improving health outcomes in a new social contract.
The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reports that donors have committed $35.7 million in humanitarian assistance to Mauritania in 2015 to address acute malnutrition. The Strategic Response Plan for Mauritania requests $95 million but is currently only 34% funded. The European Union's Humanitarian Aid department has contributed the most at $13.2 million. Nutrition and food security projects in Mauritania's Hodh El Chargui region have received $1.2 million out of $16.6 million total for such projects nationwide.
Mobilizing Domestic Financial Resources for HIV/AIDS - State Level Experience...HFG Project
Authors: Olalekan Obademi, John Osika, Abimbola Kola-Jebutu, Busi Langa, Irene Aniyom
Poster presented at the International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa (ICASA) in Harare, Zimbabwe, November 28-December 4, 2015.
The population growth in the Philippines has increased demand for healthcare facilities and services. The government has increased funding for healthcare through new taxation and aims to upgrade facilities. Major healthcare providers plan to significantly expand their hospital networks and services over the next 3-5 years. This growing demand presents opportunities for solutions focused on areas like heart and cancer treatment, hospital waste management, emergency and operating rooms, and medical equipment. Consultancy services for measuring health outcomes and innovative wellness and elderly care technologies were also identified as relevant opportunities.
Hfg barbados costing community hiv final reportHFG Project
Barbados is currently experiencing tight fiscal constraints due to the slowdown of economic growth coupled with the fact that as a high-income country, it now no longer qualifies for concessional loan arrangements and grants from development partners. The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has indicated a plan to reduce, and eventually cease, funding for HIV programs in Barbados, within the next two years. Given the current funding environment, the Ministry of Health and Wellness is looking for ways to continue financing the program through improved efficiency and by making evidence-based investments into cost-effective interventions. They are also seeking ways to identify new approaches to financing, which will allow continued health coverage and maintain the gains seen in the sector.
Civil society organizations (CSOs) began offering community-level HIV interventions in 2017, including testing, treatment, and social support to key populations. Some of these populations are highly stigmatized, so community outreach is perceived as necessary. Community-based services are expected to result in improved outcomes for these populations (e.g., reduced loss to follow-up and higher retention in care, improved adherence to treatment). This outreach could be particularly valuable in supporting the government’s adoption of the WHO-recommended Treat All strategy by helping to link persons living with HIV (PLHIV) to treatment and promote adherence.
This study assesses the cost of HIV-related services provision at the CSO level. It aims to benefit both the CSOs themselves and the government of Barbados. The government will be able to consider the results in deciding whether or how to allocate funds to CSOs to enable the CSOs to provide some key services when PEPFAR funding ceases. This study is one of several HFG activities implemented in four countries in the Caribbean to prepare the countries for donor transition.
PAHO/WHO Briefing Session to OAS AmbassadorsKATIA DIAZ
This document provides information about the 51st Directing Council of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) that will take place from September 26-30, 2011 in Washington D.C. It outlines the agenda, events, resolutions to be discussed, elections, and financial information regarding the proposed PAHO program and budget for 2012-2013. Key items include discussions on climate change, epilepsy, eHealth, malaria, alcohol and substance use, urban health, road safety, and maternal mortality. The document also provides details on officer elections, country contributions, and highlighted side events during the Council.
OPS/OMS. Urbanismo y Vida Saludable: “La Salud Urbana es Importante”KATIA DIAZ
La Dra. Mirta Roses Periago destaca la importancia de la salud urbana debido al rápido proceso de urbanización en América Latina y el Caribe, donde actualmente el 79.4% de la población vive en ciudades. Sin embargo, las ciudades también enfrentan grandes desigualdades sociales y de salud. Para abordar esto, la Dra. Roses Periago argumenta que se deben atender las necesidades de los más vulnerables, participar en la planificación urbana que promueva estilos de vida saludables, e
MRC/HIVAN KZN AIDS Forum - 30/10/12 - Challenges and Opportunities for HIV/AI...info4africa
This presentation was given on 30/10/12 at the MRC/HIVAN KZN AIDS Forum.
Co-presented by Kwazi Mbatha (CEGAA Researcher/Trainer) and Mlungisi Vila kasi (TAC Community Mobiliser - uMgungundlovu), this talk was facilitated by Judith King (CEGAA Communications and Advocacy Manager).
For more information on CEGAA please visit their website: http://www.cegaa.org/
Presented at “Financial Protection and Improved Access to Health Care: Peer-to-Peer Learning Workshop Finding Solutions to Common Challenges” in Accra, Ghana, February 2016. To learn more, visit: https://www.hfgproject.org/ghana-uhc-workshop
Mobile health apps for low income communitiesApp Master
Mobile applications show promise in positively impacting obesity and related health issues among low-income communities. However, current apps may not fully meet the needs of these groups, who face challenges around access, literacy and resources. Developing apps that leverage public data and tailor design/content for these audiences could help address inequities and better support healthy behaviors through education, access to services, monitoring progress, and interventions. Applications for Good seeks to facilitate such app development and research into mobile technologies for improving health outcomes in low socio-economic status communities.
Policy Brief: What Steps Are Countries Taking To Implement Pro-Poor Universal...HFG Project
Universal health coverage (UHC)—ensuring that everyone has access to quality, affordable health services when needed—can be a vehicle for improved equity, health, financial well-being, and economic development. In its 2013 report, Global Health 2035: A World Converging within a Generation, the Commission on Investing in Health made the case that pro-poor pathways towards UHC, which target the poor from the outset, are the most efficient way to achieve both improved health outcomes and increased financial protection (FP). Countries worldwide are now embarking on health system changes to move closer to achieving UHC, often with a clear pro-poor intent.
Much has been written about what steps countries have taken and are currently taking to: (1) set and expand guaranteed services, (2) develop health financing systems to fund guaranteed services and ensure FP, (3) ensure high-quality service availability and delivery, (4) improve governance and management of the health sector, and (5) strengthen other aspects of health systems to move closer to UHC. As background for a meeting on UHC implementation, held at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center, Italy, from 7–9 July 2015, we reviewed this body of literature, and conducted interviews with global UHC implementers and researchers. In this short policy brief, we synthesize the key messages from the literature and interviews.
Universal health coverage (UHC)—ensuring that everyone has access to quality, affordable health services when needed—can be a vehicle for improved equity, health, financial well-being, and economic development. In its 2013 report, Global Health 2035, the Commission on Investing in Health (CIH) made the case that progressive (“pro-poor”) pathways towards UHC, which target the poor from the outset, are the most efficient way to achieve both improved health outcomes and increased financial protection (FP). Countries worldwide are now embarking on health system changes to move closer to achieving UHC, often with a clear pro-poor intent. While they can draw on guidance related to the technical aspects of UHC (the “what” of UHC), such as on service package design, there is less information on the “how” of UHC—that is, on how to maximize the chances of successful implementation.
Motivated by a shared interest in helping to close this information gap, a diverse international group of 21 practitioners and academics, including ministry of health officials and representatives of global health agencies and foundations, convened at The Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center for a three-day workshop from July 7–9, 2015. The participants shared their experiences of implementing UHC and discussed the limited evidence on how to implement UHC, focusing on a set of seven key “how” questions from across five domains of UHC.
The National Cancer Control Programme aims to control cancer in India through primary prevention, early detection, treatment, and palliative care. Key goals include preventing cancers caused by tobacco, screening and diagnosing cervical and breast cancers early, strengthening cancer treatment facilities, and providing palliative care. Over 8-9 lakh new cancer cases occur annually in India. The programme supports 27 Regional Cancer Centers, has developed oncology wings in 82 medical institutions, and runs 28 District Cancer Control Programmes.
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted several lessons for emergency management. It showed that while pandemics can't be predicted precisely, they are not unexpected occurrences. COVID-19 shared many similarities to the 1918 influenza pandemic in its transmission, symptoms, and impact. Managing the pandemic required balancing public health measures to control the spread of the virus with economic concerns, and different countries had varying levels of success with their responses. The pandemic significantly impacted critical infrastructure sectors and underscored the importance of protecting essential workers. It also demonstrated the power of misinformation spread on social media and the need for transparent, fact-based risk communication. Data analytics proved crucial for decision-making during the dynamic pandemic. The role of emergency management was challenged by the prolonged
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Senegal: Implementation Status and OutlookHFG Project
Presented at “Financial Protection and Improved Access to Health Care: Peer-to-Peer Learning Workshop Finding Solutions to Common Challenges” in Accra, Ghana, February 2016. To learn more, visit: https://www.hfgproject.org/ghana-uhc-workshop
This document provides an overview of health insurance schemes in low and middle income countries. It defines low, lower middle, and upper middle income countries based on GNI per capita. It then discusses the types of health insurance schemes commonly implemented in LMICs, including social/national health insurance funded through taxes and contributions, private health insurance, and community-based health insurance. The document also discusses factors that affect enrollment in these schemes and provides examples of specific country implementations, challenges faced, and opportunities to expand coverage.
Community Health Financing as a Pathway to Universal Health Coverage: Synthes...HFG Project
Community-based health insurance (CBHI) emerged in West Africa the 1990s as a grassroots response among rural and poor communities to fees charged by private and public clinics and hospitals. Three countries – Ghana, Senegal, and Ethiopia – have leveraged CBHI in different ways to expand publicly funded coverage to the informal sector in rural and urban settings. This paper synthesizes the experiences from these three countries to illustrate the role that CBHI can play in UHC.
Preparing for future shocks: Building resilient health systemsHFG Project
Presentation at USAID's Global Health Mini-University on Friday, March 4, 2016.
Preparing for Future Shocks: Building Resilient Health Systems
Kate Greene (HFG), Bob Emrey (USAID/GH/OHS), Jodi Charles (USAID/GH/OHS), Temitayo Ifafore, (USAID/GH/OHS)
After the recent Ebola outbreak, global health experts have turned to resilience frameworks used by other fields such as agriculture and engineering to understand how to build health systems that can withstand shocks, including infectious disease outbreaks, natural disasters, and political conflict. Speakers will first briefly outline each of the five key elements of the Resilience Framework, adapted from the Rockefeller Foundation and presented in a Lancet article in 2015, that can be applied to health systems. Participants will then work in small groups to discuss which health systems interventions should be pursued in response to a one-page description of an unnamed country. Speakers will then reveal what real-world interventions they designed for the country example and answer questions.
Ethiopia’s Health Financing Outlook: What Six Rounds of Health Accounts Tell UsHFG Project
The document summarizes key findings from six rounds of health accounts conducted in Ethiopia since 1995. It finds that total health expenditure has grown significantly but remains low per capita. Government spending on health has increased in amount but fluctuated as a percentage of total spending between 16-39%. Household out-of-pocket spending remains high at 33% on average. The majority of spending is on curative care rather than preventive services. Regular production of health accounts data helps Ethiopia monitor progress on health financing goals.
Essential Packages of Health Services: A Landscape Analysis of 24 EPCMD Count...HFG Project
On Wednesday, January 20, USAID’s Office of Health Systems (GH/OHS) and the Health Finance & Governance (HFG) Project hosted a technical briefing session to explore essential packages of health services (EPHS) in the 24 USAID Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Deaths (EPCMD) priority countries. An EPHS is a public policy tool for governing the health sector; it comprises those health care services that the government is providing or is aspiring to provide to its citizens in an equitable manner.
Jodi Charles (USAID/GH/OHS), Jeremy Kanthor (HFG), and Jenna Wright (HFG) presented HFG’s recently completed analysis of the 24 EPCMD countries’ EPHS and government strategies for guaranteeing those health services. The technical briefing presented the cross-cutting themes identified through the analysis and included a discussion about how EPHS contributes to better governance of the health sector.
The briefing, which was held at USAID and made available via webinar, drew a large audience of more than 75 participants, including USAID staff, implementing partners, and ministry of health staff from partner countries.
“This is a tremendously rich data set because it helps us to see the gaps, and it will help us to target our efforts toward those gaps,” said Karen Cavanaugh, Director of USAID’s Office of Health Systems, during the question and answer session.
The technical briefing presentation and country snapshots are available on the HFG website.
1) The Salud Mesoamérica 2015 Initiative (SM2015) is a public-private partnership aimed at reducing maternal and child health inequalities in Central America and Chiapas, Mexico through a results-based financing model.
2) The results-based financing model provides initial funding to implement evidence-based maternal and child health interventions for the poorest 20% of populations, and provides additional incentive funds if countries meet at least 80% of agreed-upon targets.
3) Surveys found that coverage of important interventions and health outcomes remained low for the poorest populations, revealing inequalities hidden by national averages. However, countries made advances in increasing availability of supplies and equipment, and coverage of certain
It is a Citizen Engagement Project of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Engaging Citizens: A Game Changer for Development?". The objetive of Project is to create a sustained national multi stakeholder dialogue in health. That aim to legitimately decide about coverage benefit plan and resource allocation with the objective of improving health outcomes in a new social contract.
The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reports that donors have committed $35.7 million in humanitarian assistance to Mauritania in 2015 to address acute malnutrition. The Strategic Response Plan for Mauritania requests $95 million but is currently only 34% funded. The European Union's Humanitarian Aid department has contributed the most at $13.2 million. Nutrition and food security projects in Mauritania's Hodh El Chargui region have received $1.2 million out of $16.6 million total for such projects nationwide.
Mobilizing Domestic Financial Resources for HIV/AIDS - State Level Experience...HFG Project
Authors: Olalekan Obademi, John Osika, Abimbola Kola-Jebutu, Busi Langa, Irene Aniyom
Poster presented at the International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa (ICASA) in Harare, Zimbabwe, November 28-December 4, 2015.
The population growth in the Philippines has increased demand for healthcare facilities and services. The government has increased funding for healthcare through new taxation and aims to upgrade facilities. Major healthcare providers plan to significantly expand their hospital networks and services over the next 3-5 years. This growing demand presents opportunities for solutions focused on areas like heart and cancer treatment, hospital waste management, emergency and operating rooms, and medical equipment. Consultancy services for measuring health outcomes and innovative wellness and elderly care technologies were also identified as relevant opportunities.
Hfg barbados costing community hiv final reportHFG Project
Barbados is currently experiencing tight fiscal constraints due to the slowdown of economic growth coupled with the fact that as a high-income country, it now no longer qualifies for concessional loan arrangements and grants from development partners. The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has indicated a plan to reduce, and eventually cease, funding for HIV programs in Barbados, within the next two years. Given the current funding environment, the Ministry of Health and Wellness is looking for ways to continue financing the program through improved efficiency and by making evidence-based investments into cost-effective interventions. They are also seeking ways to identify new approaches to financing, which will allow continued health coverage and maintain the gains seen in the sector.
Civil society organizations (CSOs) began offering community-level HIV interventions in 2017, including testing, treatment, and social support to key populations. Some of these populations are highly stigmatized, so community outreach is perceived as necessary. Community-based services are expected to result in improved outcomes for these populations (e.g., reduced loss to follow-up and higher retention in care, improved adherence to treatment). This outreach could be particularly valuable in supporting the government’s adoption of the WHO-recommended Treat All strategy by helping to link persons living with HIV (PLHIV) to treatment and promote adherence.
This study assesses the cost of HIV-related services provision at the CSO level. It aims to benefit both the CSOs themselves and the government of Barbados. The government will be able to consider the results in deciding whether or how to allocate funds to CSOs to enable the CSOs to provide some key services when PEPFAR funding ceases. This study is one of several HFG activities implemented in four countries in the Caribbean to prepare the countries for donor transition.
PAHO/WHO Briefing Session to OAS AmbassadorsKATIA DIAZ
This document provides information about the 51st Directing Council of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) that will take place from September 26-30, 2011 in Washington D.C. It outlines the agenda, events, resolutions to be discussed, elections, and financial information regarding the proposed PAHO program and budget for 2012-2013. Key items include discussions on climate change, epilepsy, eHealth, malaria, alcohol and substance use, urban health, road safety, and maternal mortality. The document also provides details on officer elections, country contributions, and highlighted side events during the Council.
OPS/OMS. Urbanismo y Vida Saludable: “La Salud Urbana es Importante”KATIA DIAZ
La Dra. Mirta Roses Periago destaca la importancia de la salud urbana debido al rápido proceso de urbanización en América Latina y el Caribe, donde actualmente el 79.4% de la población vive en ciudades. Sin embargo, las ciudades también enfrentan grandes desigualdades sociales y de salud. Para abordar esto, la Dra. Roses Periago argumenta que se deben atender las necesidades de los más vulnerables, participar en la planificación urbana que promueva estilos de vida saludables, e
PAHO/WHO.Construyendo Sistemas de Salud para enfrentar los desafíos sanitario...KATIA DIAZ
Muchos de los problemas de salud, enfermedades, causas prematuras de muerte y sufrimiento que se observa a gran escala son
totalmente innecesarios ya que se dispone de
intervenciones efectivas y de costo razonable para su prevención y tratamiento. La realidad es incontestable.
•El poder de las intervenciones disponibles no se
corresponde con el poder de los sistemas de salud para entregarlas a las personas más necesitadas, de forma integral, y en una escala adecuada”. Dra. Margaret Chan, Directora General de la OMS.
Situación Actual de la Resistencia Antimicrobiana en las Américas, su impacto...KATIA DIAZ
Este documento trata sobre la resistencia a los antimicrobianos y su impacto en la dermatología. Primero, explica las causas de la resistencia y los patógenos problemáticos como Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina. Luego, destaca la importancia de promover el uso racional de antimicrobianos y el control de infecciones para contener la resistencia. Finalmente, reflexiona sobre la responsabilidad de los dermatólogos de estar actualizados y comunicarse con laboratorios y autoridades de salud.
PAHO Briefing to OAS Ambassador Permanent CouncilKATIA DIAZ
This document provides information about the 51st Directing Council of PAHO meeting taking place from September 26-30, 2011 in Washington D.C. It outlines the program, elections, resolutions, and financing of the 2012-2013 program and budget. Key events include the opening ceremony on September 26th, presentations and panels on various health topics, and the awards dinner on September 26th honoring excellence in public health. 17 resolutions were adopted by the Executive Committee, including on climate change, road safety, and the 2012-2013 program and budget. The proposed budget increases assessed contributions from member states by 4.3% but the Director will present a new scenario with a 2.15% increase.
PAHO/WHO. Políticas de Salud en la Región de las Américas.KATIA DIAZ
Medellín, Colombia. 3 junio de 2011. [7º Congreso Internacional de Salud Pública].
Directora de la OPS aborda las tendencias actuales relevantes a las políticas de salud en la región de las Américas, su análisis y desarrollo en el contexto más amplio de las políticas sociales y de los objetivos del desarrollo social de las naciones. Analiza las coyunturas y el futuro en un mundo interdependiente, complejo y en redes, donde las sociedades son más permeables a las influencias externas, un mundo multipolar donde el poder es compartido y los compromisos son plurales, donde se redefinen agendas significativas para la salud: la seguridad ciudadana, la economía verde, la justicia social, la filantropía y la diplomacia en salud, agendas que acometen riesgos que ya no son nacionales, sino globales y transversales, como los desbalances macroeconómicos, las desigualdades de acumulación de riquezas y las fallas de la gobernabilidad global, entre otros.
Freeing the Americas from NIDs: Addressing the Unfinished AgendaKATIA DIAZ
This document discusses neglected infectious diseases (NIDs) in Latin America and the Caribbean. It outlines 10 diseases targeted for elimination and 2 targeted for reducing disease burden. Many of these diseases affect the same populations in overlapping geographical areas. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis infects 43 million children, and schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, and trachoma remain problems in some countries. Eliminating NIDs requires universal primary healthcare coverage, inter-programmatic integration, and protecting existing medicines from antimicrobial resistance. Success requires continued action, innovation, and collaboration across sectors.
Las Manifestaciones Dermatológicas y las Enfermedades DesatendidasKATIA DIAZ
El documento habla sobre el XX Congreso Argentino de Dermatología, donde la Dra. Mirta Roses Periago de la OPS destaca la importancia de las manifestaciones dermatológicas para detectar enfermedades desatendidas y de interés público. Describe varias enfermedades como la lepra, leishmaniasis y oncocercosis, cuyas principales afectaciones son en la piel, así como otras enfermedades que pueden causar manifestaciones cutáneas. También presenta datos epidemiológicos y avances en el control de estas enfer
HEALTH SITUATION The population of the country has incr.docxAASTHA76
HEALTH SITUATION
The population of the country has increased by 45.8% in the past 25 years, reaching 29.9 million in
2015. It is estimated that 17.5% of the population lives in rural settings (2012), 17.2% of the
population is between the ages of 15 and 24 years (2015) and life expectancy at birth is 76 years
(2012). The literacy rate for youth (15 to 24 years) is 99.2%, for total adults 94.4% (2013), and for
adult females 91.4% (2012).
The burden of disease (2012) attributable to communicable diseases is 12.6%, noncommunicable
diseases 78.0% and injuries 9.4%. The share of out-of-pocket expenditure was 19.8% in 2013 and
the health workforce density is 26.5 physicians and 53.73 nu rses and midwives per 10 000
population (2014).
HEALTH POLICIES AND SYSTEMS
The National Transformation Program 2020 identifies interventions for health system
strengthening, health promotion and control of noncommunicable diseases, control of
communicable diseases, health security, and improving partnerships for health development. In
addition, the National Transformation Program 2020 aims to improve the planning, production
and management of the health workforce. It has also prioritized the growing private sector with a
focus on better regulation and public–private sector partnerships. Promoting health in all policies
and greater intersectoral collaboration at national and subnational levels have been identified as
national priorities for the current planning cycle. Decentralization needs strengthening and the
strategy has identified mechanisms for empowering the subnational level. Capacity-building and
greater investments are other interventions outlined in the National Transformation Program
2020. The strategy also includes the strengthening of the monitoring and evaluation of national
health plans, using a user-friendly set of indicators. The health system is largely funded through
the government budget, which is mainly financed by oil revenues. However, due to the drop in oil
revenues, there is a risk that the decrease in national revenues will adversely affect national
expenditure on health. Identifying alternative sources of funding such as cost -sharing and
premium payments or implementation of health insurance is therefore advised. In addition, the
private sector needs to introduce some sort of social insurance.
The Ministry of Health provides primary health care services through a network of health care
centres, hospitals and primary health care facilities. The network of health infrastructure has
improved the access of populations in remote areas to health services and a referral system
provides curative care for all members of society from the level of general practitioners and family
physicians at centres to advanced specialist curative services in general and specialist hospitals.
New national policies and strategies for primary health care have been developed that are patient
centred and fo.
Sustainability and transition - Nicolas Cantau, The Global FundOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Nicolas Cantau, The Global Fund, at the 2nd Health Systems Joint Network Meeting for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European Countries held in Tallinn, Estonia, on 1-2 December 2016
The document discusses India's primary health care system and proposes a model of Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) to achieve Universal Health Coverage. It outlines key challenges faced by the current primary health care system such as understaffing, supply issues, and over-reliance on private sector. The proposed CPHC model involves establishing "Health and Wellness Centers" at village level which will provide expanded services including management of non-communicable diseases. It emphasizes strengthening human resources, ensuring drug and diagnostic access, use of ICT, continuity of care, and community engagement to achieve the vision of comprehensive and affordable primary health care for all.
The Alcohol and Public Health program aims to prevent excessive alcohol use through surveillance, research, and building state capacity. Managed by the CDC since 2001, it seeks to understand and reduce alcohol-related deaths and costs. However, alcohol misuse remains a major public health problem, as rates have risen since 2005. More evaluation is needed to assess the program's effectiveness in changing outcomes and reducing the impacts of excessive drinking.
Sustaining the HIV and AIDS Response in the Countries of the OECS: Regional I...HFG Project
In 2014, the six countries of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) of Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines developed HIV and AIDS Investment Case Briefs, with the support of USAID’s Health Finance and Governance (HFG) and Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) projects. This document provides a summary of the findings of these briefs, which includes an analysis of the costs of HIV and AIDS programs that respond to the disease in the six countries, the resources that are available, the funding gaps, and the potential impact of different levels of investment in programming on the progression of the disease in the region.
The document discusses obesity in Latin America and proposes using mobile technologies to address the problem. It notes the rapid rise in obesity across Latin America and the health consequences. The team proposes developing a mobile app with gamification elements to educate lower income populations on obesity and motivate behavior change. Community health workers would support the app's use and connect users to medical support when needed. Effectiveness would be evaluated by monitoring users' measurements over time.
This document summarizes the accomplishments and lessons learned from the AIDS Control and Prevention (AIDSCAP) Project implemented by Family Health International and funded by USAID. Over five years, AIDSCAP applied strategies of behavior change communication, STI prevention and control, and condom programming across 14 Latin American and Caribbean countries. It highlights the need to build on past successes by incorporating new strategies like gender sensitive initiatives, civil-military collaboration, religious-based initiatives, and care and management to more comprehensively address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The document advocates moving beyond compartmentalized approaches to adopt a holistic multidimensional model.
The document discusses the human right to health and how the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in India aims to uphold this right. It outlines key human rights relating to health like access to healthcare, safe drinking water, and education. NRHM's goals are reducing infant and maternal mortality and improving access to health services. The program strengthens primary healthcare, integrates health programs, and empowers local communities to manage their own health needs. It also outlines expected health outcomes and strategies NRHM uses like training health workers and improving infrastructure.
The National Health Policy of 2017 aims to improve health outcomes through coordinated policy action across sectors. It sets goals such as increasing life expectancy and reducing mortality rates. The policy emphasizes preventive healthcare, affordable universal access, and strengthening primary care. It proposes increasing health expenditure and improving infrastructure. The policy outlines strategies for improving national health programs addressing issues like RMNCH+A, immunization, communicable and non-communicable diseases. It focuses on reforms for healthcare financing, governance, and increasing investments in human resources and digital tools.
Presentación de David Novillo en el nternational Workshop RITMOS, celebrado el pasado 14 y 15 de octubre en Barcelona con el apoyo de la UOC y Mobile World Capital de Barcelona (MWBC)
The Multidimensional Model for HIV/AIDS prevention and control proposes a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach involving the biomedical, public health, and development communities. It recognizes that HIV/AIDS is not just a health issue but also a socioeconomic development problem that threatens global progress. The model aims to guide more effective national, regional, and international efforts against HIV/AIDS by addressing individual, community, and structural factors.
This document summarizes the AIDS epidemic in Eastern and Southern Africa and progress towards meeting international targets on HIV/AIDS. Some key points:
1) There are 34 million people living with HIV globally in 2011, with 1.2 million new infections in Eastern and Southern Africa. Several countries have reduced new infections by over 50% since 2001.
2) Coverage of prevention of mother-to-child transmission services was 72% in 2011 in the region. 5.2 million people were receiving antiretroviral treatment out of 8.1 million estimated to be eligible.
3) Reducing sexual transmission by 50% and reaching 15 million people on HIV treatment by 2015 are among key global targets, but
The document summarizes key points from the World Report on Disability. It finds that around 1 billion people worldwide have disabilities, with numbers increasing due to aging populations and chronic diseases. Many people with disabilities face disabling barriers like lack of accessibility and negative attitudes that restrict their participation. The report recommends addressing these barriers by investing in rehabilitation services, education, employment support, and enacting inclusive policies and legislation to improve the lives of persons with disabilities.
NCD Planning: Current Stats and Opportunities for StrokeFeisul Mustapha
The document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs) planning in Malaysia and opportunities for stroke prevention. It summarizes the 2014 UN General Assembly outcome document on NCDs which outlines national commitments and global assignments between 2014-2018. These include setting national NCD targets and developing multisectoral policies and plans. It also discusses Malaysia's national strategic plan for NCDs from 2010-2014 and efforts to strengthen chronic disease management at the primary care level through multidisciplinary care teams and clinical practice guidelines. Availability of essential medicines for NCDs and lessons learned from working with other sectors are also covered.
Public health policy development in developing countries Ruby Med Plus
Public Health policy development in developing countries is addressed by four policy questions:
1. Does the introduction of a health policy at national, international level imply corresponding improvement in the quality of health of a country/population?
2. For effective health systems with efficient outcome: should health related policies be locally/nationally or internationally motivated (initiated)?
3. Should developing countries rely on the West for changes in the health of their population?
4. What is the impact of health policies adopted at the international scene on the health of populations in developing countries?
The U.S. Government’s Global Health Initiativejehill3
The document summarizes the US Global Health Initiative (GHI), which aims to invest $63 billion over six years to strengthen health systems and improve health outcomes in partner countries, with a focus on women, newborns and children. The GHI will work through coordination, integration, country ownership and health systems strengthening. It establishes targets to reduce mortality and prevalence of diseases like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and malnutrition by 2015. The GHI operational plan includes assessing country health plans, focusing US investments, and designating some countries for additional technical and financial support.
PEPFAR was reauthorized with some key wins but also opportunities for future advocacy. It will provide treatment for 3 million people, prevent 12 million HIV infections, and care for 10 million over 5 years. However, 5 people still become infected for every 2 treated, so $50 billion is needed to meet goals. Future advocacy opportunities include strengthening health systems and the workforce, recognizing the feminization of HIV, and ensuring science-based prevention for at-risk groups like injection drug users and men who have sex with men.
Sustaining the HIV and AIDS Response in St. Vincent and the Grenadines: Inves...HFG Project
National surveillance reports estimate that there were about 649 persons living with HIV in St. Vincent and the Grenadines at the end of 2011, which translates to 1.2% of the adult population (15-49 years) or 0.7% of the total population. The epidemic is male-dominant, illustrated by the fact that the cumulative case reporting from 1984-2013 indicates that 60.6% of new cases are reported among males and 38.1% females (1.3% unknown). In response to the growing epidemic, the country quickly scaled up its national HIV/AIDS program in 2004. While care and treatment remains a high priority, St. Vincent and the Grenadines has devoted significant resources to preventative activities, including HIV counseling and rapid testing, education and workplace programs, and other behavioral interventions.
Despite a marked decline in HIV and AIDS cases, significant challenges for the country’s response remain. Close to 20% of persons with advanced HIV infection discontinue treatment within 12 months of initiation, suggesting the need to reinforce adherence and retention to care. The country also faces an imminent decline in donor funding and domestic reprioritization of chronic and non-communicable diseases; without renewed sources of external funding or greater domestic resources allocated to HIV/AIDS, progress made since 2004 could regress.
In response to these challenges, key priorities outlined in the country’s strategic framework (2014-2025) include: 1) institutionalizing HIV education through collaborative programs with different sectors, 2) targeting high risk groups, 3) strengthening HIV testing and counseling, including routine testing for pregnant women and, 4) ensuring access and retention to care and treatment for those with HIV and AIDS and TB. St. Vincent and the Grenadines has also taken steps to integrate HIV and AIDS services into the broader health system and included the HIV and AIDS program as part of the Ministry of Health, Environment and Wellness’ overall health framework. These actions are the beginning of efforts to improve access to care, reduce costs, and improve efficiencies.
Keynote address by Dr. Eric Goosby of UCSF, presented at CFAR HIV Research in International Settings (CHRIS) meeting in San Diego, October 1, 2014. Dr. Goosby discussed. "Global Health Delivery and Diplomacy: The Long Road to Sustainable Programs."
Similar to PAHO/WHO Briefing Session to OAS Permanent Council (20)
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdfrightmanforbloodline
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
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low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
Co-Chairs, Val J. Lowe, MD, and Cyrus A. Raji, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease for this CME/AAPA activity titled “Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neuroradiology in Diagnosis and Treatment.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3PvVY25. CME/AAPA credit will be available until June 28, 2025.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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PAHO/WHO Briefing Session to OAS Permanent Council
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2. Information Session for Permanent Ambassadors to the Organization of American States and Other Ambassadors of PAHO/WHO Member States 148th Session of the Executive Committee Washington, D.C. 20-24 June 2011 Mirta Roses Periago Director
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6. PAHO Award for Administration 2011 Nominees for the 2011 Award Name Country Mr. Lloyd Ian Smith Dr. María del Carmen García Dr. Jorge Castellanos Robayo Dr. Pastor Castell-Florit Serrate Dr. John Edward Greene Dr. Concepción Zúñiga Valeriano Dr. David Tejada de Rivero Dr. Stephen James King Belize Bolivia Colombia Cuba Guyana Honduras Peru Saint Lucia Members of the Award Committee: United States, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Venezuela
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8. Proposed Program and Budget 2012-2013 Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Scenario B Source 2010-2011 2012-2013 % change Assessed contributions from Member States 186,400,000 198,800,000 6.7% + Miscellaneous income 20,000,000 15,000,000 -25.0% = Total PAHO share (Regular Budget) 206,400,000, 213,800,000 3.6% + AMRO Share (from WHO) 80,700,000 80,700,000 0.0% = Total Regular Budget 287,100,000 294,500,000 2.6% + Estimated Other Sources * 355,851,000 348,451,000 - 2.1% = Total Resource Requirements 642,951,000 642,951,000 0.0%
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22. Financial Report of the Director and Report of the External Auditor for 2010 Sources of Financial Resources Millions US$ IPSAS
25. Report on the Preparations for the Panel on Safe Motherhood and Universal Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Mrs. Marcela Suazo, UNFPA Challenges of safe motherhood and universal access Final comments (5 minutes) H.R.H..Infanta Cristina of Spain, Director, International Area of the La Caixa Foundation SMI supported by the La Caixa Foundation Presentation of the Safe Motherhood Initiative (SMI): the commitment of all (10 minutes). Dr. Aníbal Faúndez, Coordinator, Latin American Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology Societies(FLASOG) Analysis of the current situation in Latin America and the Caribbean Presentation of the initiative for the prevention and reduction of risks and threats from unsafe abortion (15 minutes). Mrs. Marcela Suazo, UNFPA Analysis of the current situation Presentation of the topic “ Universal access to family planning: Challenges for the decade” (15 minutes). Dr. Michelle Bachelet, UN - Women Achievement of MDG 5 Presentation of the topic: Achievement of MDG 5: Universal access to sexual and reproductive health (15 minutes). Dr. Mirta Roses, PAHO Welcome and introduction Introduction (5 minutes) Suggested Presenter Contents Subject
26. Report on the Preparations for the Roundtable on Antimicrobial Resistance Structure of the Roundtable Moderator: Vice President of the Directing Council Moderator: Vice President of the Directing Council Moderator: President of the Directing Council Towards a Multifaceted Approach to Contain Antimicrobial Resistance The Extent of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Region and its Trends. Data for Action The Health, Social, and Economic Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance Discussion Group 3 Discussion Group 2 Discussion Group 1 CONTAINING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE Opening remarks: Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications for Global Health
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30. Membership of the Advisory Committee of the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME) 2009-2012 Dominican Republic 2009-2012 Chile 2009-2012 Argentina 2009-2011 Mexico 2009-2011 Jamaica Designation by the Directing Council or the Pan American Sanitary Conference Member
31. ¡Thank you very much! 148th Session of the Executive Committee Washington, D.C. 20-24 June 2011
Editor's Notes
Como es de vuestro conocimiento el Comité está integrado por nueve Estados Miembros elegidos por la Conferencia o el Consejo para desempeñarse durante períodos escalonados de tres años. El Comité, que se reúne dos veces al año, funciona como grupo de trabajo de la Conferencia o el Consejo. Los actuales países miembros del Comité Ejecutivo de la OPS que estarán participando de esta reunión son: San Vicente y las Granadinas (Presidente) Argentina (Vicepresidente) Estados Unidos (Relator) Guatemala Haití Colombia Venezuela Granada Peru Para el período 2011 -2014, los países candidatos a cubrir las vacantes a ser dejadas por Argentina, Guatemala y Haiti son: Brasil, Chile y El Salvador
A manera de referencia, los países de la Región que son miembros del Consejo Ejecutivo de OMS son: (ver lamina) Para el 2012 tendremos dos sitios disponibles reemplazar a Canadá y Chile que estarán dejando sus puestos durante ese año. Hasta el momento solo hemos recibido la candidatura de Cuba, así que quedaría un sitio disponible.
Se pone a consideración del Comité Ejecutivo de la OPS tres escenarios: El Escenario A, incremento de 10.5 de las contribuciones señaladas para compensar todos los costos inflacionarios y reglamentarios ya incurridos en los componentes Puestos de Plazo Fijo (PPF) y no-PPF, es el ideal pero estamos conscientes que es difícil su aprobación por la situación financiera mundial. El escenario C, crecimiento nominal 0 donde no se compensan los costos inflacionarios ni los costos reglamentarios, sería nefasto para las actividades de la Organización; se presenta un capítulo en el addendum sobre la repercusión negativa programática y específicamente en las metas para el año 2013 que representaría la aprobación de este escenario. El escenario B, incremento del 6.7% en las contribuciones señaladas donde se recuperarían los costos de los PPF financiados por la OPS solamente y se absorberían los costos inflacionarios del presupuesto no-PPF, representa un escenario intermedio que permitiría a la Oficina operar adecuadamente durante el bienio. Se espera que el Comité Ejecutivo seleccione un escenario y lo recomiende al Consejo Directivo.
El presupuesto se presenta usando el escenario B y tiene un monto total similar al del bienio actual, de 642.9 millones de dólares americanos. Se solicita un incremento de 3.6% en el presupuesto ordinario (203.8 millones), incluyendo un incremento de 6.7% en las contribuciones señaladas, y una disminución de 2.1% en el presupuesto de Otras Fuentes (348.4 millones) con respecto al bienio 2010-2011.
La Organización ha tenido un excelente desempeño durante el bienio 2008-09. Se puede apreciar aquí la implementación programática que fue de 76% de RER en curso, 24% en riesgo y ninguno en dificultad, una implementación presupuestaria de 94% y una movilización de recursos de 281 millones que cubrió el 81% de la brecha financiera
El equivalente a tiempo completo (Full Time Equivalent /FTE) es una medida del esfuerzo de la fuerza laboral equivalente a una persona que trabaja a tiempo completo por un año. Es una manera de medir la fuerza laboral total de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, incluyendo los puesto de plazo fijo financiados con el presupuesto ordinario y otras fuentes, así como otro personal contratado por medio de otros mecanismos diferentes a los puestos de plazo fijo. Se aprecia en la gráfica que los puestos de plazo fijo financiados con presupuesto ordinario y de otras fuentes han venido descendiendo en forma continua desde el bienio 90-91 hasta el 10-11. En forma paralela, los FTE han venido disminuyendo. No se ha contratado personal con puestos diferentes a los de plazo fijo para reemplazarlos. Se evidencia así la implementación de una política sostenida de disminución de puestos y de disciplina presupuestaria al respecto de más de veinte años de duración.
La Organización mejoró su eficiencia el bienio 2008-09. La tasa de eficiencia (costo de la fuerza laboral expresado como porcentaje del gasto total de la organización. A menor % más eficiencia) mejoró mucho a partir del bienio 98-99 y se ha mantenido en líneas generales baja pero el 2008-09 llegó a 25.8%, su nivel más bajo y eficiente desde 1992-93.
La tasa de productividad es el gasto total de la OPS/OMS por año en dólares constantes por equivalente de tiempo completo La productividad aumentó notoriamente desde 98-99, llegando a su máximo el 2008-09. A pesar que el número de FTE ha disminuido durante estos bienios en forma progresiva, la productividad se ha incrementado duplicando con creces el 2008-09 aquella del 90-91
El mundo está urbanizándose a una velocidad sin precedentes, lo cual supone un reto extraordinario para la salud: En 1900, 13% de la población mundial (220 millones de personas) residían en ciudades; en cambio, en 1950, la población urbana representaba 29,1% (732 millones) de la población mundial . En el 2008, las Naciones Unidas informaron que, por primera vez en la historia, más de la mitad de la población humana estaba viviendo en zonas urbanas y se preveía que esa proporción aumentaría a 70% para el 2050 . Esta tendencia es de especial interés en la Región de las Américas, donde la población urbana ha aumentado en un 187% desde 1970 y donde se localizan seis de las mayores megalópolis del mundo (São Paulo, la ciudad de México, la ciudad de Nueva York, Los Ángeles, Buenos Aires y Rio de Janeiro). La Propuesta: La finalidad de la estrategia y plan de acción sobre la salud urbana es prestar apoyo a los ministerios de salud para que: - fortalezcan su función de rectoría en la promoción de la salud considerando los efectos de la urbanización; - reorienten los servicios de salud para que atiendan las necesidades específicas de las poblaciones urbanas; fortalezcan la capacidad institucional para poner en práctica un sistema de salud urbana; y propugnen por alcanzar una meta común y la responsabilidad compartida.
- El Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático llegó a la conclusión en el 2007 de que el calentamiento del clima es incuestionable. La evidencia demuestra que el aumento de las temperaturas está cambiando y perturbando el equilibrio de los sistemas naturales que satisfacen las necesidades básicas de vida . La Organización Meteorológica Mundial informó que el 2010 se había clasificado como el año más cálido que se ha registrado, junto con el 2005 y 1998. - En la Región de las Américas, el número de eventos hidrometeorológicos notificados (sequías, temperatura extrema, inundaciones y tormentas) es motivo de grave preocupación ( foto Jamaica 2002 Huracán Gustav) . Estos fenómenos aumentaron de 100 eventos notificados en el decenio 1960-1969 a 533 en el decenio 2000-2009. La Propuesta: Aprobar la estrategia y plan de acción sobre el cambio climático para: - Fortalecer la generación y difusión del conocimiento con respecto a los riesgos para la salud asociados con el cambio climático y acerca de la respuesta apropiada de la salud pública a este fenómeno. - Concientizar y mejorar los conocimientos acerca de los efectos sobre la salud del cambio climático entre el público general y otros sectores. Promoción, definición y establecimiento de alianzas interdisciplinarias, interinstitucionales e intersectoriales para procurar que la promoción y la protección de la salud sean primordiales para las políticas de cambio climático. Adaptación: fortalecimiento y promoción de la capacidad de los sistemas de salud de diseñar, ejecutar, vigilar y evaluar las medidas de adaptación concebidas para mejorar la capacidad de respuesta a los riesgos planteados por el cambio climático.
En promedio en la Región, las colisiones en las vías de tránsito causan anualmente 142.252 defunciones y el número estimado de lesionados es de más de 5 millones, 80% de las víctimas son hombres. En el 2005, en los Estados Unidos, los costos relacionados a las lesiones causadas por los accidentes de tránsito excedían los $ 99 mil millones de dólares. En Brasil, el mismo año, otro estudio encontró que los costos relacionados a los accidentes de tránsito en las carreteras era de $ 10 mil millones de dólares al año, lo cual equivale al 1,2% del producto interno bruto (PIB) del país. En Belice, un estudio con datos del 2007, estima un costo económico total de $ 11 millones, figura que representa el 0,9% del producto interno bruto del país. -El 39% de las personas que fallecen en la Región debido a traumatismos causados por el tránsito son usuarios vulnerables (peatones, ciclistas o motociclistas). La Propuesta: Aprobar el plan de acción sobre la seguridad vial para: -Fortalecer la gestión multisectorial en la administración pública para que oriente las actividades nacionales en materia de seguridad vial con especial énfasis en la elaboración de planes nacionales para el Decenio de Acción para la Seguridad Vial -Disminuir la incidencia de los factores de riesgo (velocidad y consumo de alcohol) en las lesiones resultantes del tránsito y aumentar el porcentaje de uso de los accesorios de protección (cascos, cinturones de seguridad y asientos de seguridad para niños) -Mejorar las políticas de transporte público masivo mediante la integración de criterios de seguridad, equidad y accesibilidad que garanticen el ejercicio de los derechos humanos. -Promover el desarrollo de la infraestructura que favorezca los desplazamientos seguros de todos los usuarios de las vías en ciudades y carreteras; en especial de los más vulnerables (peatones, ciclistas y motociclistas).
De acuerdo con la OMS, el consumo de alcohol fue el principal factor de riesgo de la carga de morbilidad en la Región de las Américas en el 2004 : el consumo de alcohol fue responsable de más de 347.000 defunciones y de 9,6% de todos los años de vida ajustados en función de la discapacidad (AVAD) perdidos en la Región por todas las causas y en todos los grupos de edad. La Propuesta: -instar a que se adopte la estrategia mundial de la OMS a fin de reducir el consumo nocivo de alcohol y, de esa manera, promover un enfoque de salud pública y de derechos humanos encaminado a disminuir los niveles de consumo de alcohol per cápita en la población al igual que los daños asociados con el consumo de alcohol. -Promover la Concientización y compromiso político. -Mejorar la base de conocimientos acerca de la magnitud de los problemas y la eficacia de las intervenciones, desglosando la información por sexo y grupo étnico. -Aumentar el apoyo técnico a los Estados Miembros. -Fortalecer las alianzas. -Mejorar los sistemas de seguimiento y vigilancia y la difusión de información para la concientización, la formulación de políticas y la evaluación
La prevalencia del consumo de drogas, especialmente en la juventud y en otros grupos vulnerables, varía enormemente, pero en general está concentrada en zonas urbanas y en países que están experimentando una transición epidemiológica rápida. Además del alcohol y el tabaco, las sustancias psicoactivas que más se consumen en la Región son el cannabis, la cocaína y los solventes volátiles. Existe, asimismo, un consumo cada vez mayor de sustancias psicotrópicas sin fines terapéuticos. La Propuesta: Aprobar este plan de acción para: Formulación y ejecución de políticas, planes y leyes nacionales en materia de salud pública y asignación de recursos compatibles con la magnitud del problema del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Promoción de la prevención universal del consumo de sustancias, haciendo hincapié en el desarrollo psicosocial de los niños y la población joven. Promoción de las intervenciones tempranas en los entornos de atención primaria y desarrollo de sistemas de tratamiento vinculados a la atención primaria de salud y servicios conexos. Mejorar la Investigación, seguimiento y evaluación, y Fortalecer las alianzas.
-La epilepsia representa el 0,5% de la carga mundial de enfermedad, medida en años de vida ajustados en función de la discapacidad (AVAD), y el 80% de esa carga corresponde a países en desarrollo. -La carga de este trastorno a nivel regional representa el 0,7%; la distribución por sexo no arroja diferencias significativas; -La mayor carga correspondiente a 2,8% se registra en el grupo de edad de 5 a 14 años. -Estados Unidos y Canadá tienen una carga inferior correspondiente a 0,4% con respecto a América Latina y el Caribe que es de 0,9%. La Propuesta: Por medio de la ejecución de esta Estrategia y plan de acción, fortalecer la respuesta integrada del sector de la salud, mediante la ejecución de programas apropiados de atención a las personas con epilepsia, que incluyan acciones de prevención, tratamiento y rehabilitación. Programas y legislación para la atención de las personas con epilepsia y la protección de sus derechos humanos. Colaborar con los Estados Miembros en la creación de una Red de servicios de salud para la atención de las personas con epilepsia, con énfasis en la atención primaria de salud y la provisión de fármacos. Fortalecer la educación y concientización de la población, incluidas las personas con epilepsia y sus familias . Fortalecimiento de la capacidad para producir, evaluar y utilizar la información sobre la epilepsia.
Recientemente venció el plazo del Plan Estratégico Regional contra la Malaria en las Américas, 2006-2010, por lo que resulta imperativo darle continuidad por lo menos hasta el 2015, fecha marcada como plazo para el alcance de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio. En el caso de la malaria, incluida en el ODM número 6. La Región notificó un total de 565.025 casos confirmados de malaria en el 2009, lo que representa una reducción de 52% en comparación con el 2000; y 144 defunciones en el 2009, lo que equivale a una disminución de 61% con respecto a las defunciones registradas en el 2000. Dieciocho de los 21 países de la Región donde la malaria es endémica vieron una disminución en los casos en el 2009 en comparación con el año 2000. Ocho de estos países informaron reducciones de más de 75%, con lo cual se cumplen las metas establecidas por la Alianza Hacer Retroceder el Paludismo y los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio de las Naciones Unidas. Cuatro países, con disminuciones de 50 a 75%, ya han alcanzado la meta de la Alianza, mientras que otros seis, con reducciones de hasta 50%, están logrando avances. Lamentablemente, tres países siguen notificando aumentos de su número total de casos La Propuesta: Resulta imperativo mantener un enfoque proactivo y multifacético de los esfuerzos encaminados a combatir la malaria. Para alcanzar las metas establecidas, en la estrategia y plan de acción sobre la malaria se han identificado los siguientes componentes: -Prevención, vigilancia y detección temprana de la malaria y contención de brotes. -Control integrado de vectores. -Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la malaria. -Promoción, comunicación y alianzas, y colaboración. -Fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud; planificación estratégica, seguimiento y evaluación; investigaciones operativas; y fortalecimiento de la capacidad a nivel de país.
Según las cifras publicadas en los indicadores básicos de salud del 2010 en América Latina y el Caribe ocurrieron 9500 muertes maternas. Nueve países de la región muestran cifras por encima de la media regional: Bolivia, Guatemala, Guyana, Haití, Honduras, Paraguay, Perú, República Dominicana y Suriname. La mayoría de las muertes acontecen en el período del parto y en las primeras horas del posparto. Casi ningún país muestra una adecuada velocidad de descenso de la mortalidad materna para logar el ODM 5, aun aquellos con porcentajes más bajos, como Canadá y Estados Unidos de América. Las cifras de cobertura de atención prenatal y del parto parecen elevadas, pero esconden inequidades; a título de ejemplo, cabe mencionar que solo 46% de las mujeres embarazadas en las poblaciones rurales acuden a 4 visitas antenatales, en comparación con 74% de las mujeres urbanas. La Propuesta: La mortalidad materna evitable es expresión de la inequidad y de la falta de empoderamiento de las mujeres. Si bien es cierto que los determinantes socioeconómicos, culturales y ambientales son factores clave que intervienen en la disminución de la mortalidad materna, en el sector de la salud pueden tomarse ciertas medidas concretas que están vinculadas directamente a su disminución, como son: La organización de los servicios de salud para la atención de la mujer antes del embarazo, en el período prenatal, en el parto y el puerperio. Hay elementos críticos que con este plan de acción se pretende abordar en forma concreta para evitar muertes maternas. Los objetivos generales del plan son: - contribuir a acelerar la reducción de la mortalidad materna, - fortalecer la vigilancia y la prevención de la morbilidad materna grave.
En América Latina y el Caribe persisten considerables desigualdades en el acceso a los servicios de salud como consecuencia de diversos factores que limitan las posibilidades de recibir una atención médica oportuna y de calidad. Entre esos factores se encuentran la escasez de recursos humanos, infraestructura, equipamiento y medicamentos, la distancia física y cultural entre la oferta pública y la población que solicita los servicios, además de los ingresos reducidos. La Segunda encuesta mundial sobre cibersalud realizada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud publicada en el 2010, indica que: De 11 países de la Región encuestados, 45% posee una estrategia sobre eSalud, 36% tiene una política específica sobre telemedicina. el 82% la utiliza para la formación de profesionales de la salud. La Propuesta: La eSalud consiste en el apoyo costoeficaz de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones para la salud y los ámbitos relacionados con ella. Con la presente propuesta se pretende: el mejoramiento continuo de la salud pública en la Región de las Américas por medio de herramientas y metodologías innovadoras de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Garantizar y promover la formulación, la ejecución y la evaluación de políticas públicas eficaces, integradas y sostenibles sobre el uso y la implantación de las tecnologías de la información y de las comunicaciones en el ámbito sanitario. Mejorar la infraestructura. Fomentar y facilitar la colaboración horizontal entre los países para el desarrollo de una Agenda Digital en materia de salud para la Región.
Los ingresos totales consolidados de la Organización correspondientes al año 2010 han alcanzado los $932,6 millones , $214,1 millones más que en el 2008, y el nivel más alto de ingresos en toda la historia de la Organización. Este aumento de los ingresos es el resultado principalmente de: 1) el aumento en las actividades de compra de vacunas y suministros esenciales de salud pública en nombre de los Estados Miembros, 2) el aumento de la movilización de contribuciones voluntarias para la salud pública y su mayor ejecución, y 3) el financiamiento mayor proporcionado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud a la Región de las Américas. La Organización ha seguido aumentando la tasa de recaudación de las contribuciones señaladas. Las contribuciones señaladas recibidas hasta el momento correspondientes al 2010 suman $71,6 millones, sin incluir los centros, y el pago de las contribuciones pendientes ha alcanzado $29,4 millones, lo que suma un total de $101,0 millones. Los ingresos de la OPS procedentes de las contribuciones voluntarias para los programas de salud pública alcanzaron los $199,8 millones, $34,9 millones más que en el 2008. El aumento más sorprendente en los recursos financieros se registró en las actividades de compras de la Organización en nombre de los Estados Miembros, que aumentaron de un total acumulativo de $234,3 millones en el 2006 a $370,0 millones en el 2008 y $541,1 millones en el 2010, en parte debido a la compra de vacunas contra la gripe por H1N1 y la introducción de la vacuna anitrrotavírica y la vacuna antineumocócica pediátrica. El nivel de recursos de los tres fondos de compras de la OPS representa un 58% de los ingresos totales de la Organización. Las actividades financiadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud sumaron ingresos totales por $82,4 millones , un aumento de $18,8 millones con respecto al 2008.
13 Estados Miembros han pagado la totalidad de sus contribuciones correspondientes al 2011. 6 Estados Miembros han hecho pagos parciales de sus contribuciones correspondientes al 2011. 20 Estados Miembros no han hecho pago alguno de sus contribuciones correspondientes al 2011, incluidos 18 Estados Miembros que no han hecho ningún tipo de pagos en el 2011. 2 Estados Miembros (Granada y Dominica) podrían estar sujetos a la aplicación del Artículo 6.B de la Constitución de la OPS y han sido notificados por escrito acerca de esta situación y de las distintas opciones posibles. Se ha recaudado 32% de las contribuciones señaladas correspondientes al 2011 ($31,0 millones).
En este gráfico se muestra el saldo de las contribuciones pendientes de pago al 13 de junio. En él se ve claramente la iniciativa de la Directora de aumentar la tasa de recaudación de las contribuciones señaladas y el éxito que han tenido los planes de pagos diferidos, lo que ha tenido como resultado una disminución importante del saldo de las contribuciones pendientes de pago de la Organización. Se ha recaudado 79,5% de las contribuciones atrasadas (incluidos $19,7 millones de los Estados Unidos y $3,7 millones de la Argentina), lo que ha reducido el saldo pendiente de pago a $6,1 millones (compuesto principalmente por $3,2 millones que debe la Argentina y $2,6 millones que debe Venezuela).
La OPS y el Grupo de Trabajo Regional para la Reducción de la Mortalidad Materna, en conjunto con otras instituciones, apoya los esfuerzos para: garantizar y aumentar la protección social, especialmente para las niñas, las adolescentes y las mujeres marginadas; capacitar y empoderar a las mujeres en sus esfuerzos por obtener acceso a los servicios de salud reproductiva y por ejercer el derecho a tomar sus propias decisiones sobre su vida reproductiva. Por tal razón se planteo la realización de este panel durante el Quincuagésimo primero Consejo Directivo y se ha extendido invitación a: - La Doctora Michelle Bachelet, ONUMujeres - La Señora Marcela Suazo, UNFPA - Al Doctor Aníbal Faúndez, Coordinador de la Federación Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Obstetricia y Ginecología, y - A La infanta Doña Cristina, de España, Directora del Área Internacional de la Fundación La Caixa
La Región de las Américas se enfrenta actualmente a una crisis a raíz de la resistencia cada vez mayor de los microorganismos a los medicamentos antimicrobianos. Tenemos el gran problema, la resistencia a los antimicrobianos dificulta el control de las enfermedades infecciosas, aumenta de la mortalidad, la morbilidad y el gasto sanitario. Por eso el Día Mundial de la Salud este año fue dedicado a este tema y durante nuestro Consejo Directivo estaremos llevando a cabo esta Mesa Redonda, con la intención de facilitar y promover un debate amplio y exhaustivo con las autoridades sanitarias de los Estados Miembros acerca de las repercusiones socioeconómicas, las lecciones aprendidas y las estrategias fructíferas para alcanzar la meta de contener la resistencia a los antimicrobianos, lo que permitirá un control más eficaz en función de los costos de las enfermedades transmisibles y disminuir los riesgos infecciosos asociados con la atención de salud. En la lámina pueden ver como se conformarán los grupos de debate.
Sobre el punto B que se refiere al nombramiento del Auditor Externo de la OPS, el día primero de junio se venció el plazo para que los Estados Miembros presentaran nominaciones. Hasta esa fecha recibimos: La propuesta de Panamá nominando a España De Perú nominando a Alemania, y De Bolivia nominando a la India ( EN EL CASO DE BOLIVIA NUNCA RECIBIMOS LA DOCUMENTACIÓN PARA APOYAR LA NOMINACIÓN)
Aprovecho para informarles de otro tema que no se tocará durante el Comité Ejecutivo pero que habrá que resolver durante el Consejo Directivo. La selección de dos miembros para el Comité Asesor de BIREME. En el 2011 vence la designación de Jamaica y México y habrá que designar dos nuevos miembros para reemplazarlos. Estamos por enviar las convocatorias para que los Estados Miembros envíen sus candidaturas.