This document discusses improving test automation through the page object pattern. It begins by explaining the disadvantages of record and replay and keyword driven testing approaches. It then introduces the page object pattern, which abstracts the user interface elements on a page into reusable page class objects. The document covers advantages like abstraction, readability, and maintaining the DRY principle. It also discusses challenges like increased complexity and the need for constant improvement. Later sections provide recommendations for making page objects more effective by following SRP and handling complex web pages. The conclusion emphasizes that automation testing is difficult but the page object pattern is an effective approach for more stable, maintainable tests.

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Nikolay Advolodkin
QA Automation Engineer
www.ultimateQA.com
@Nikolay_A00
A Single Pattern to Drastically Improve Your Test Automation

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I. Getting Started

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II. Why record and replay test automation is not effective

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Section II
44
Record a test Fix Test
Attempt to run
test
Understand
Disadvantages
How do we fix
problems with our
tests?

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III. Learning the pitfalls of Keyword Driven test automation

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Section III
66
Introduction to
Keyword Driven
Testing
Understanding
disadvantages
How do we fix
problems with our
Keyword tests?

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IV. Page Object Pattern

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Section IV
88
What are page
objects
Implementing
page objects to fix
our tests
Advantages and
disadvantages
Write more tests
using page objects

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V. Making Page Objects Even Better

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Section V
1010
Learn DRY Learn SRP Learn How To Deal
With Complex Web
Pages
Improve Tests Improve Tests Improve Tests

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What is one problem that most of us face with functional test
automation?

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20
5
4
Poll: How many tests can you run per day that will give the correct result with 95%
accuracy?
1212
2
3
2501 - 1000
1001 - 5000
5000+
101 - 500
51 - 100
0 - 50

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Flaky tests (6)
Lack of
knowledge (6)
Framework (6)
Synchronization
(4)
Other, one off
issues
Poll: What is a problem that you have with test automation?

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Why is functional test automation so flaky?

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User Experience
Canvas
Touch Events
Angular JS
SVG
Drag & Drop
AJAX
http://www.evolutionoftheweb.com/

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How can Automation Engineers handle such an evolving world?

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“The only thing constant in software development is change.”

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Tools Used
1818
Version
Firefox
Selenium Builder
Visual Studio
Selenium
Webdriver
40.0
3.1.2
2015
2.53.1
NUnit
3.4.1.0

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Record and Replay: How many tests need to be updated due to a change
in AUT?
1919
How many tests
need to be changed?
Driver
Initialization
Url
Locators
User
names/password
s
Synchronization
issues
Change
Agents
All
All
All
All
All

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Methods Resilient
Lemon drops oat cake oat
cake sugar plum sweet
gingerbread chocolate
cake gingerbread.
Portfolio Five
Reusable
Lemon drops oat cake oat
cake sugar plum sweet
gingerbread chocolate
cake gingerbread.
Portfolio Four
Advantages of using Keyword Driven
Approach

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Too much in 1 file Flow changes break
all tests
Lemon drops oat cake oat
cake sugar plum sweet
gingerbread chocolate
cake gingerbread.
Portfolio Five
Method for every
action
Lemon drops oat cake oat
cake sugar plum sweet
gingerbread chocolate
cake gingerbread.
Portfolio Four
Disadvantages of using Keyword Driven
Approach

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So what can I do
then????
Give me the
answer already
So unstable!!
ArghhhhIt’s Brittle bro!

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Page Object Pattern

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Page Object Pattern
Object – Page.cs

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Page Object Pattern
Use your code to interact with the application page
just like you would interact with it manually
Page.ClickStartHereButton()
Page.GoToVideoTutorials()

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Abstraction Logical Follows Good Design
Principles
Maintainable Readable Tests
Advantages of Page Object Pattern

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DRY – Don’t Repeat Yourself

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“Duplication is the primary enemy of a well-designed system”
Martin, Robert

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Increased barrier to
entry
Requires constant
improvement
Lemon drops oat cake oat
cake sugar plum sweet
gingerbread chocolate
cake gingerbread.
Portfolio Five
Many different
options
Lemon drops oat cake oat
cake sugar plum sweet
gingerbread chocolate
cake gingerbread.
Portfolio Four
Disadvantages of using Page Objects

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Creating Improved Page Objects
3030
Cement Understanding of Page
Objects
Improve the code
Tackle solutions to common
challenges

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Make Current Page Objects More DRY
1

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Make Current Page Objects Follow SRP
2

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Using complex pages to write simple Page Objects
3

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Recommended Pre-requisites
3434
Strong understanding
of Selenium
Webdriver API
https://goo.gl/71SOfX
Good understanding of
Object Oriented
Programming principles
https://goo.gl/YzQ1x4

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A class should have only one reason to change
SRP – SingleResponsibility Principle

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Benefits
3636
A change in an unrelated functionality will not break 2 functionalities
Changing pizza baking functionality is not going to break how the store
delivers the pizza

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How to create simple Page Objects from complex web pages?
3

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Small in code size Easier to read tests
Lemon drops oat cake oat
cake sugar plum sweet
gingerbread chocolate
cake gingerbread.
Portfolio Five
Easier to manage
Lemon drops oat cake oat
cake sugar plum sweet
gingerbread chocolate
cake gingerbread.
Portfolio Four
Advantages of Simple Page Objects

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Required Resources
3939
http://www.ultimateqa.com/automation/
http://www.ultimateqa.com/complicated-page/

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Conclusions
4040
Automation
Success
Write your code to prepare
for inevitable change
GUI Automation is hard
A fantastic step towards test
stability
Start using Page Objects
Duplication is the enemy
Remove duplication
Classes should do one thing
only
Follow Single Responsibility Principle
Tests are more readable
Classes are smaller
Separate large page
objects
Start Here

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Resources
4141
• Code and Slide Deck - http://wp.me/P7absY-8j
• Martin, Robert C.. Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship
(Kindle Locations 4076-4077). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
• Selenium Wiki on Page Objects
• Martin Fowler on Page Objects
• Dave Haeffner on Page Objects

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Help! Your stupid code doesn’t work Nikolay!

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Step 1: Debug Your Code
Remove code and start again
Ctrl + Y
Ctrl + Z
Restart
OpenQA.Selenium.WebDriverException:
Cannot find Firefox binary in PATH or
default install locations. Make sure Firefox
is installed. OS appears to be: Vista
Read Error Message in
IDE
Pull my code into your IDE
and use a Diff tool.
Use Notepad++ Compare
plugin
Compare to my Code

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Step 2: Check My Blog
Selenium errors
Search Blog
http://www.ultimateqa.com/common-
selenium-webdriver-errors-fix/
Go Here

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Step 3: Find Solutions Online
Error message + programming language
Google

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Step 4: Ask Good Questions
No need to be upset
It’s a common problem
Be Positive
http://www.ultimateqa.com/common-
selenium-webdriver-errors-fix/
Go Here
If you want help, make it easy
for the person to help you
Concise, Specific
Be thankful that someone took
time to answer your question
Give Thanks