The document discusses the pros and cons of using pacifiers. The pros are that pacifiers may soothe fussy babies by satisfying their suck reflex, offer distraction during procedures, and help babies fall asleep. Pacifiers may also reduce the risk of SIDS and are disposable. However, early pacifier use may interfere with breastfeeding and cause babies to become dependent on the pacifier. Prolonged use could also lead to dental or ear problems. The document also discusses the dangers of mobile infant walkers. Studies show walkers can lead to injuries from falls down stairs or tipping over. They also allow babies to reach more objects and have been linked to developmental delays. The AAP recommends banning walkers due

4. PROS
•A pacifier might soothe a fussy baby. Some babies are happiest when they're
sucking on something.
Satisfy the suck reflex.
Encourage self-soothing.
•A pacifier offers temporary distraction. A pacifier might come in handy during
and after shots, blood tests or other procedures.
•A pacifier might help your baby fall asleep.
•A pacifier might ease discomfort during flights. Babies can't intentionally "pop"
their ears by swallowing or yawning to relieve ear pain caused by air pressure
changes. Sucking on a pacifier might help.
•A pacifier might help reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)..
•Pacifiers are disposable. When it's time to stop using pacifiers, you can throw
them away. If your child prefers to suck on his or her thumb or fingers, it might be
more difficult to break the habit.
PACIFIERS

5. ANALGESIA
Pacifiers provide a calming effect and have been used for pain and anxiety
prevention.
PRETERM INFANTS
A Cochrane review found that nonnutritive sucking is associated with shorter
hospital stays, earlier transition to bottle feeding from enteral feeding, and
improved bottle
feeding
SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME

8. CONS
•Early pacifier use might interfere with breast-feeding.
• Sucking on a breast is different from sucking on a pacifier or bottle,
and some babies are sensitive to those differences.
• early use of artificial nipples is associated with decreased exclusive
breast-feeding and duration of breast-feeding
•Your baby might become dependent on the pacifier.
• frequent middle-of-the-night crying spells when the pacifier falls out
of your baby's mouth.
•Pacifier use might increase the risk of middle ear
•Prolonged pacifier use might lead to dental problems.
• prolonged pacifier use might cause a child's teeth to be misaligned
or not come in properly.
PACIFIERS

11. Avoid baby walkers as they can over-turn easily and
cause serious head injuries.

12. Walkers are employed by parents for various
reasons:
•to keep their infant preoccupied while they are
doing other things,
•to hold their children during feeding,
•to keep their children quiet and happy,
•to aid the infant in strengthening their legs
•to help infants walk at an earlier age

13. • Studies showed that walker-experienced infants scored
lower on Bayley scales of mental and motor development
compared to non-walker experienced
• Another study showed that walker experienced infants had
abnormal Denver Developmental Screening Test Results
• Moreover, walkers make infants more prone to accidents
such as falls, burns, poisonings, submersions, suffocation and
even death.

14. two features of baby walkers make them particularly
dangerous
• the increased mobility and speed they provide the
child
•the elevated height and reach the child obtains while
seated in a walker.

15. Most of the injuries are caused by:
•Falling down stairs: children in baby walkers can quickly move to
the edge of the stairs and fall.
•Tipping over : baby walkers can tip over when children try to
cross-uneven surfaces such as door thresholds or carpet edges.
•Reaching risks : Due to the expanded height and range offered by
being seated in a baby walker, parents must be aware that many
more household objects may now be within their baby’s reach,
for example: electric cords on kettles that may contain boiling
water, curtains, and objects on tables.

16. MOBILE INFANT WALKERS
• Because data indicate a considerable risk of major and minor
injury and even death from the use of walkers, and because
there is no clear benefit from their use, the American Academy of
Pediatrics recommends a ban on the manufacture and sale of
mobile infant walkers.
• Because the safest baby walker is one without wheels, stationary
activity centers should be promoted as a safer alternative to
mobile walkers
• stationary activity centers allow children to bounce, swivel, and
tip, and they provide parents an alternative to the use of mobile
infant walkers

20. The pros
•A pacifier might soothe a fussy baby.
Satisfy the suck reflex.
Encourage self-soothing.
•A pacifier offers temporary distraction. A pacifier might come
in handy during and after shots, blood tests or other procedures.
•A pacifier might help your baby fall asleep.
•A pacifier might ease discomfort during flights.
•A pacifier might help reduce the risk of sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS)..
•Pacifiers are disposable..
PACIFIERS

25. The cons
•Early pacifier use might interfere with breast-
feeding.
•Your baby might become dependent on the
pacifier.
•Pacifier use might increase the risk of middle
ear
•Prolonged pacifier use might lead to dental
problems.
PACIFIERS

26. MOBILE INFANT WALKERS
• Because data indicate a considerable risk of major and minor
injury and even death from the use of walkers, and because
there is no clear benefit from their use, the American Academy of
Pediatrics recommends a ban on the manufacture and sale of
mobile infant walkers.
• Because the safest baby walker is one without wheels, stationary
activity centers should be promoted as a safer alternative to
mobile walkers
• stationary activity centers allow children to bounce, swivel, and
tip, and they provide parents an alternative to the use of mobile
infant walkers