Baroque art emerged in the late 16th century and was characterized by a sense of movement, drama, and rich ornamentation. Notable Baroque artists included Caravaggio, who used dramatic lighting, and Bernini, famous for his sculpture The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. In the late 18th century, Neoclassicism revived classical styles, while Romanticism favored emotion over reason. Impressionism in the late 19th century focused on capturing fleeting visual impressions of light using rapid brushstrokes of color. Post-Impressionists like Cézanne, Van Gogh, and Gauguin further developed new techniques that influenced later abstract styles.

1. Baroque Art
• Referred to as the art produced in the late sixteenth century
• Style
 Less static
 Greater sense of movement and energy
 Appealed to emotions and faith
 Richness in color and ornamentation
 Imagery presented in the most dramatic way
• Baroque era saw conflicts between empires
• Powerful sovereigns
 Empress Maria Theresa of Austria
 Peter the Great
 Catherine the Great
 King Louis XIV

2. Notable artists in the Baroque Era
• Caravaggio (1573-1610)
– Renowned for his dramatic use of light and dark
• Artemisia Gentileschi (1593?-1652?)
– Known for her adaptation of Caravaggio’s techniques
• Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)
– A sculptor most famous for The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
• Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640)
– Produced works of great energy and color
• Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-69)
– Recognized as a great painter, printmaker, and a draftsmen
– Created some of the best works of the Baroque period
• Diego Velazquez (1599-1660)
– Builds his figures from patches of color rather than crawing
– Influenced the Impressionist movement

3. Conversion of Saint Paul by
Caravaggio

4. Night Watch by Rembrandt

5. Rococo, Neoclassicism, and
Romanticism
• Rococo
 Extension of baroque period
 Artworks were celebration of gaiety, romance, and frivolity
 Emphasized light-hearted decorations with the use of gold and
pastel colors
• Neoclassicism
 Revival of interest in the art of classical Greece and Rome
 Emerged in the decades leading up to the Revolution
 Emphasized line, order, and cool detachment
• Romanticism
 Highly imaginative
 Emotional and dreamlike quality
 Favored feeling over reason
 Incorporation of exotic or melodramatic elements

6. The Swing by Jean-Honoré Fragonard

7. Realism and Impressionism
• Realism
 Reaction to Neoclassicism
 Inspired by the idea that paintings must illustrate all features of its subjects
 Obligated to show lives of ordinary people
 Gustave Coubert (1819-77)
 Paintings included ordinary workmen repairing road (The Stonebreakers 1849-50)
• Impressionism
 Grew out of the dissatisfaction of realism
 Painters used rapid strokes to capture rapid changing light
 Led to the discovery that shadows were not gray but that they reflected the
complementary color of the object casting on them
 Edouard Manet (1832-83)- referred to the first impressionist
 Works show juxtaposing light and contrasting colors
 Showed clothed men with nude women  caused an uproar in art community
 Claude Monet (1840-1926)
 Source of the movement’s name
 Encouraged fellow artists to work outdoors

8. The Stonebreakers by Gustave
Coubert

9. Impression Sunset by Claude Monet

10. Post Impressionism
• Post-Impressionism
 Paul Cézanne (1839-1906)
 Suggested that painting could be structured as a series of planes with a clear
foreground, middle ground, and background.
 Objects could all be reduced to its simplest form  development of cubism
 Georges Seurat (1859-91)
 Emphasized on the scientific rules of color
 Applied colors in small dots of complementary colors that blended in the eye of the
viewer; this is called optical mixing  resulted in static composition
 Vincent van Gogh (1853-90)
 Used theories of contrasting color and very direct application of paint
 Developed the idea that artists should not slavishly imitate the natural world but
should be intensified to portray inner human emotions
 Paul Gaugin (1843-1903)
 Search for intense light and clear color led him to Tahiti
 Edgar Degas (1834-1917)
 Combined the snapshot style of photography with Japanese like perspective from
slightly above his subject
• by the depiction of leaves flowers in flowing, sinuous lines

11. Other Late 19th Century Developments
• Other Late 19th Century Developments
 Pre-Raphaelites
 Dissatisfied with the effects of the Industrial Revolution
 Emphasized nature and sweeping curves  Art Nouveau
 Art Nouveau
 Style of decoration, architecture, and design characterized by
the depiction of leaves flowers in flowing, sinuous lines

12. The Night Café by Vincent van
Gogh