Outlook for the global sports market to 2015
Welcome 4
Emerging trends in the global sports market 6
Global revenue outlook by region 10
Gate revenues 14
Sponsorship 18
Media rights 22
Merchandising 26
Appendix 28
Glossary 36
Contacts 40
A Market Analysis Report for Atlantic RecordsNeyaLashae1
This analysis report for Atlantic Records was completed in February of 2022. The analysis was compiled through the use of initial company research, SWOT and STEEPLE analysis, and other external sources.
Outlook for the global sports market to 2015
Welcome 4
Emerging trends in the global sports market 6
Global revenue outlook by region 10
Gate revenues 14
Sponsorship 18
Media rights 22
Merchandising 26
Appendix 28
Glossary 36
Contacts 40
A Market Analysis Report for Atlantic RecordsNeyaLashae1
This analysis report for Atlantic Records was completed in February of 2022. The analysis was compiled through the use of initial company research, SWOT and STEEPLE analysis, and other external sources.
The use of the words “citizen” and “consumer” to many would appear to be synonymous when in actual fact, there are often conflicts between their desires and aspirations that could lead one to believe that these are two different groups of individuals.
• Pantone announces colour of the year 2017
• Spending splurge sees high street hit six year high
• Decline in retail footfall continues
• One Stop launches Christmas gifting promotion
• GB grocery market growth steady as deflation slows
• 74% of shoppers plan to use one of the Big Four for their Christmas shop but still looking for ways to save money
• Co-op poised to give members £15m Christmas present
• UK inflation at two-year high as clothing prices rise
• Social media more important than TV for beauty launches
• Bestway targets forecourt sector with Certas deal
• Pre-Christmas discounts rise to new record
• Amazon makes first commercial delivery using a drone
• P&G publishes first ever Citizenship Report outlining company values
• Pinterest predicts 2017 beauty and style trends
• Lego increases its UK prices as Brexit hits
• First half profits flat at PZ Cussons amid “challenging trading environment” In UK
Restaurant Monthly Update - January 2017Duff & Phelps
December marked the ninth month out of the past ten with declining sales for the restaurant industry. Both same-store sales and traffic growth deteriorated from November’s results, officially marking 2016 as the worst year of industry performance since 2009. Despite challenges in the sector, private equity investors with significant dry powder and strong, relatively inexpensive credit, will likely continue to fuel investment in innovative and rapidly expanding restaurant concepts.
Capitalizing on Opportunities in Fresh Prepared FoodsL.E.K. Consulting
With the increased focus on investing in the perimeter of the grocery store, fresh prepared foods is one of the most interesting growth areas for U.S. grocers. The lines of retail and foodservice have been blurring as grocers realize there is a golden opportunity to capitalize on consumers’ desire for fresh prepared foods and drive foot traffic.
This Executive Insights profiles the high-growth category of fresh prepared foods and why retailers and suppliers alike can expect to find significant opportunities in this market for years to come.
Apparel Quarterly Update - Late Fall 2017Duff & Phelps
Consumer M&A activity continues to surge with over $25 billion of transaction value completed in Q3 2017 alone. Similarly, valuations reached levels that haven't been seen since the economic downtown of 2008. This activity is underpinned by the strength of the debt capital markets where middle-market debt multiples have increased to almost 6x EBITDA. Within Consumer, the Active Apparel and Footwear index garnered the highest valuations at 12.6 times last 12 months’ (LTM) EBITDA. Read the report for more detail on current market conditions, trends and transaction activity.
What perspective on diplomacy best defines the character of trade diplomacy i...Amougou Aristide Agbor
This paper argues that the character of trade diplomacy in the 21st century, consisting of multiple actors interacting on multiple agendas in multiple arenas, is better framed by the post-globalist perspective. Contrary to statist narratives, governments have been compelled to “share their space” on trade governance with other actors such as civil society and economic agendas have gained as much importance as political issues. However, the globalist argument depicting the demise of the state is inconsistent with the prevailing situation characterised by governments being the sole legitimate signatories of international trade agreements as well as the principal authorities within the geographical delimitations of trade regimes.
Sport sponsors' wallets snap shut in downturn - IESE business school july-se...Fco. Javier Mancebo
In recent years, sports sponsorship was
perceived to be imune to volatility. However,
the latest data from Infoadex on
advertising in Spain shows that sports
sponsorship slumped by 27 percent in
2008 compared to 2007. IESE Prof. José
L. Nueno and Javier Mancebo, director of
Havas, examine the factors that explain
this huge plunge.
Mergers and Acquisitions in the United States: An Overview & Analysis of the ...Manny Sanoja
Mergers and Acquisitions in the United States continue to grow at a velocity never before seen in history. Persistent year-over-year M&A growth has contributed to the rise of the first trillion dollar companies in the United States in the same year: Apple and Amazon . While there are pros as to why companies should grow to exceedingly larger sizes every year, analysts and research suggests that there are still more reasons that mergers and acquisitions not only are a detriment to their own economic health but to overall national economic success. Data extrapolated from current / historical market and today’s financial trends are used to uncover the various pros and cons argued in this essay and touches on the legitimate philosophy that if corporations in the U.S. are deemed too big to fail, then they should also be deemed too big to exist.
Outdoor Products Industry Insights 2016Duff & Phelps
Rapid growth of e-commerce, significant competition, and market saturation will continue to drive consolidation in the outdoor and sporting goods retail industry. Innovative companies are commanding attention from corporate and private equity buyers, with the market ripe for acquisition activity.
Life Settlement Industry Report
The dynamic nature of the life settlement market guided the creation of a comprehensive Life Settlement Industry Report. To present the landscape of the life settlement market as a whole, this report relies on growth data over the past four years as well as the increasingly competitive nature of the industry. A thorough discussion of the three types of risk associated with life settlements helps flesh out the portrait of the settlement market, and a summary of trends in the industry casts an eye toward the promising future of the industry.
Among the key findings in the industry report:
The growth of the life settlement industry has surpassed the predictions of forecasters. Whereas a 2016 Conning report projected an annual growth of 1 to 2 percent, the market has actually grown an average of 34 percent over the past few years.
With an aging population and lengthening life spans, retirement costs and the prohibitive price of long-term care necessitate options like the life settlement that can increase a senior’s disposable income.
Many people in their retirement years struggle with monthly expenses but hold wealth in non-liquid assets like a house, land, securities or a life insurance policy. When an insurance policy is no longer serving their needs, it can be converted into cash flow through a cash settlement to ease the retirement burden.
Learn more @: https://www.magnalifesettlements.com/
The use of the words “citizen” and “consumer” to many would appear to be synonymous when in actual fact, there are often conflicts between their desires and aspirations that could lead one to believe that these are two different groups of individuals.
• Pantone announces colour of the year 2017
• Spending splurge sees high street hit six year high
• Decline in retail footfall continues
• One Stop launches Christmas gifting promotion
• GB grocery market growth steady as deflation slows
• 74% of shoppers plan to use one of the Big Four for their Christmas shop but still looking for ways to save money
• Co-op poised to give members £15m Christmas present
• UK inflation at two-year high as clothing prices rise
• Social media more important than TV for beauty launches
• Bestway targets forecourt sector with Certas deal
• Pre-Christmas discounts rise to new record
• Amazon makes first commercial delivery using a drone
• P&G publishes first ever Citizenship Report outlining company values
• Pinterest predicts 2017 beauty and style trends
• Lego increases its UK prices as Brexit hits
• First half profits flat at PZ Cussons amid “challenging trading environment” In UK
Restaurant Monthly Update - January 2017Duff & Phelps
December marked the ninth month out of the past ten with declining sales for the restaurant industry. Both same-store sales and traffic growth deteriorated from November’s results, officially marking 2016 as the worst year of industry performance since 2009. Despite challenges in the sector, private equity investors with significant dry powder and strong, relatively inexpensive credit, will likely continue to fuel investment in innovative and rapidly expanding restaurant concepts.
Capitalizing on Opportunities in Fresh Prepared FoodsL.E.K. Consulting
With the increased focus on investing in the perimeter of the grocery store, fresh prepared foods is one of the most interesting growth areas for U.S. grocers. The lines of retail and foodservice have been blurring as grocers realize there is a golden opportunity to capitalize on consumers’ desire for fresh prepared foods and drive foot traffic.
This Executive Insights profiles the high-growth category of fresh prepared foods and why retailers and suppliers alike can expect to find significant opportunities in this market for years to come.
Apparel Quarterly Update - Late Fall 2017Duff & Phelps
Consumer M&A activity continues to surge with over $25 billion of transaction value completed in Q3 2017 alone. Similarly, valuations reached levels that haven't been seen since the economic downtown of 2008. This activity is underpinned by the strength of the debt capital markets where middle-market debt multiples have increased to almost 6x EBITDA. Within Consumer, the Active Apparel and Footwear index garnered the highest valuations at 12.6 times last 12 months’ (LTM) EBITDA. Read the report for more detail on current market conditions, trends and transaction activity.
What perspective on diplomacy best defines the character of trade diplomacy i...Amougou Aristide Agbor
This paper argues that the character of trade diplomacy in the 21st century, consisting of multiple actors interacting on multiple agendas in multiple arenas, is better framed by the post-globalist perspective. Contrary to statist narratives, governments have been compelled to “share their space” on trade governance with other actors such as civil society and economic agendas have gained as much importance as political issues. However, the globalist argument depicting the demise of the state is inconsistent with the prevailing situation characterised by governments being the sole legitimate signatories of international trade agreements as well as the principal authorities within the geographical delimitations of trade regimes.
Sport sponsors' wallets snap shut in downturn - IESE business school july-se...Fco. Javier Mancebo
In recent years, sports sponsorship was
perceived to be imune to volatility. However,
the latest data from Infoadex on
advertising in Spain shows that sports
sponsorship slumped by 27 percent in
2008 compared to 2007. IESE Prof. José
L. Nueno and Javier Mancebo, director of
Havas, examine the factors that explain
this huge plunge.
Mergers and Acquisitions in the United States: An Overview & Analysis of the ...Manny Sanoja
Mergers and Acquisitions in the United States continue to grow at a velocity never before seen in history. Persistent year-over-year M&A growth has contributed to the rise of the first trillion dollar companies in the United States in the same year: Apple and Amazon . While there are pros as to why companies should grow to exceedingly larger sizes every year, analysts and research suggests that there are still more reasons that mergers and acquisitions not only are a detriment to their own economic health but to overall national economic success. Data extrapolated from current / historical market and today’s financial trends are used to uncover the various pros and cons argued in this essay and touches on the legitimate philosophy that if corporations in the U.S. are deemed too big to fail, then they should also be deemed too big to exist.
Outdoor Products Industry Insights 2016Duff & Phelps
Rapid growth of e-commerce, significant competition, and market saturation will continue to drive consolidation in the outdoor and sporting goods retail industry. Innovative companies are commanding attention from corporate and private equity buyers, with the market ripe for acquisition activity.
Life Settlement Industry Report
The dynamic nature of the life settlement market guided the creation of a comprehensive Life Settlement Industry Report. To present the landscape of the life settlement market as a whole, this report relies on growth data over the past four years as well as the increasingly competitive nature of the industry. A thorough discussion of the three types of risk associated with life settlements helps flesh out the portrait of the settlement market, and a summary of trends in the industry casts an eye toward the promising future of the industry.
Among the key findings in the industry report:
The growth of the life settlement industry has surpassed the predictions of forecasters. Whereas a 2016 Conning report projected an annual growth of 1 to 2 percent, the market has actually grown an average of 34 percent over the past few years.
With an aging population and lengthening life spans, retirement costs and the prohibitive price of long-term care necessitate options like the life settlement that can increase a senior’s disposable income.
Many people in their retirement years struggle with monthly expenses but hold wealth in non-liquid assets like a house, land, securities or a life insurance policy. When an insurance policy is no longer serving their needs, it can be converted into cash flow through a cash settlement to ease the retirement burden.
Learn more @: https://www.magnalifesettlements.com/
Running head:MARKET ANALYSIS 1
MARKET ANALYSIS2
Market Anlalysis
Student’s Name
IInsitutional Affiliation
Table of Contents
Introduction2
3. US market analysis2
3.1. Marketing research2
3.2 Marketing size and growth3
3.3 Market trends4
3.4 Customer Analysis5
Conclusion7
References8
Introduction Comment by Sandra Ducoffe: You will not need this intro in your final plan.
Market analysis is determined to be the qualitative and quantitative assessment of a market based on various aspects. However, the primary aim of the paper is to conduct US market analysis by determining the size, growth, and trend of the market along with customer analysis. 3. US market analysis 3.1. Marketing research
US market has experienced steady growth for five years to 2019 by increasing growth in internet advertising expenditure along with research and development. It provides dynamic and efficient opportunities for companies to operate a business in the US. The US market is the largest consumer market across the world, which possesses the potential to attract a considerable consumer base by fulfilling their needs. As a result, it helps most of the companies to increase their sales volume. While preparing products or services, companies in the US focus on the quality, needs, and expectations of the consumers (Hatheway, Kwan & Zheng, 2017). However, through increasing variety and lowering the cost of the products, the US market provides various advantages to its consumers. It determines consumer behavior by acknowledging that the majority of customers like cool brands. Operating in the US market, companies are required to follow specific regulations like licensing duties and customs regulations along with Consumer Data Privacy Laws. According to the US Department of Energy, solar energy is more prevalent, accessible and affordable than before. Solar-friendly laws have widely contributed to the growth of the solar industry in the US. The list of federation laws are:
Department of Energy Organization Act of 1997: The purpose of this Act is to ensure America’s prosperity and security by addressing its energy, nuclear and environmental challenges through technology solutions and transformative science.
The Federal Power Act of 1935: It coordinates the development of hydroelectric projects in US more effectively.
Federation Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Orders 890 and 1000: It transmits the provider’s requirement to organize transmission planning at the local and regional level. It provides flexibility to methods of cost distribution of transmission upgrades.
FERC order 2006: Its purpose is to address interconnection standards for small generators.
Energy Policy Act of 2005: This law focuses towards promoting energy self-sufficiency and improvements in US. It also includes considerable changes in interconnection legislation.
FERC Orders 819 and 827: This provision deals with the sale of primary frequency response services by sellers at market.
"Welcome to the second edition of PwC’s1 outlook for the global sports market. In this edition we provide revenue forecasts at a global and regional basis over the five years to 2015, and also drill down into key segments with projections for gate revenues, sponsorship, media rights and merchandising." - pwc
The report introduces the current scenario of the market for plastic containers. The executive summary section of the report offers information regarding the future scope of the global plastic containers market. Brief information on the vital aspects, facts, and statistics on the global plastic containers market is emphasized in this section.
RESEARCHINTRODUCTIONAs people these days are concerned abo.docxaudeleypearl
RESEARCH
INTRODUCTION
As people these days are concerned about their fitness. So, nowadays people are engaging themselves into sports and fitness activities. Trend is changing as people used to pass their time by doing household work in the past and now people started falling towards sports and fitness activities. Due to this change in trend, the sports and fitness apparel stores started earning more profits as they used to before the trend.
So, in this report we are going to research as consultants to an investor who wants to invest money into these apparel stores. Our ultimate agenda for this report will be to research the sports and fitness apparel market globally, its trends, players in this market, growth in this industry.
SCOPE OF SPORTS AND FITNESS APPAREL IN GLOBALMARKET
With theincrease in the awareness of the importance of sports and fitness in the life routine. People are becoming more conscious towards their health and sports and fitness companies have seen a tremendous growth in their sales or revenue of different sports and fitness wears. Nowadays the most demanding sports are Football, Swimming, Aerobics and the fitness activities such as Yoga, Gym and so on. Some of the highest grosser in this industry are Nike, Adidas, New Balance, Puma etc. Scope of this industry is increasing day by day and will bloom in the future too.
Not only these companies but some companies have come up as winners and are giving competition to these established brands. Each brand has build up their own strategies it might be growth strategy or market strategy. Not only the developed countries but developing or emerging countries in Asia such as India are viewed as having a great market for the sports and fitness apparel and it is estimated that India will become the highest grossing market for these products. In this ongoing growth phase,the industry is able to see many product launches, partnerships which will help further in growing this market. E-commerce will also play a significant role towards increasing the sales for these stores. Most of the brands have already started selling their products through some of these online markets such as Amazon.
MARKETING MIX
A marketing mix is a tool used to determine the best way to market a product or service. It is a combination of broad factors that address different aspects of marketing. The best-known and most basic marketing mix is known as the four Ps of marketing: product, price, place, and promotion(Gilstein& Julia. posted by Salem press Encyclopedia, 2018. 2p. retrieved on September 21,2019 from conestoga college library).
Marketing Mix includes four elements or consists of 4Ps-:
1. Product- Product is a commodity that are presented to the customers. In this case, there are many products that are related to sports and fitness.
2. Price- Price is the rate at which a customer agrees to buy a product. Many companies make different strategies such as lower cost strategy which is used by companies to a ...
Accidental Death and Dismemberment Insurance Market Projection By Key Players...jitendra kute
WiseGuyRerports.com Presents “Global Accidental Death and Dismemberment Insurance Market Size, Status and Forecast 2019-2025” New Document to its Studies Database. The Report Contain 100 Pages with Detailed Analysis.
Sample U.S. Soda Market research report.pptxkvsreerag096
U.S. soda market is shifting as consumers prioritize healthier beverage choices. Traditional sodas are facing scrutiny due to health concerns, driving demand for low-sugar and natural alternatives. This shift reflects evolving consumer preferences for healthier refreshments.
Sample U.S. Soda Drink Market report.pptxkvsreerag096
U.S. soda drink market is undergoing transformation as consumers increasingly seek healthier beverage alternatives. Traditional soda consumption faces scrutiny due to health concerns, prompting innovation in low-sugar and natural ingredient formulations. As a result, the market is adapting to meet evolving consumer preferences for healthier refreshment options.
How can hospitalist programs manage the ongoing shift to value-based care, along with operating costs and the challenges of managing, recruiting and retaining high-quality physicians? Read the report to find out.
Capital Markets Insights – Late Fall 2018Duff & Phelps
What’s been an increase in growth and acquisition-related financings and recapitalization transactions? Read the fall edition of Duff&Phelps’ Capital Markets Insights.
Read Duff & Phelps’ detailed synopsis of the latest news and publications issued by France’s AMF affecting the asset management industry during the third quarter of 2018.
Healthcare Services Sector Update – October 2018Duff & Phelps
healthcare m&a advisory, best performing sectors in healthcare, healthcare services industry, m&a advisors in healthcare industry, Healthcare Services Index
In this edition of Regulatory Focus, the experts in Duff & Phelps round up the latest news and publications issued by the Financial Conduct Authority. Read more
Medical Device Contract Manufacturing Update – Fall 2018Duff & Phelps
The global medical devices contract manufacturing market was valued at $70 billion in 2017, and is forecasted to increase to $115 billion in 2022, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.5%. Read the Medical Device Contract Manufacturing Update Report for market trends impacting the contract manufacturing organizations (CMO).
The Duff & Phelps cost trend update is now available for both the Construction Cost and Equipment Cost indices. This trend update dates back to 2015 and shows how the last four years has been relatively stable for construction after a decade of volatility, while the equipment cost indices continues to show moderate year-on-year changes. Please be reminded that these indices are just average indicators of change and they are not absolutes. Duff & Phelps advises that after five to seven years, you should establish a new replacement cost basis by using a qualified valuation professional. Please contact Brad Schulz at Duff & Phelps to discuss establishing a new replacement cost basis.
In this edition of Regulatory Focus, the experts in Duff & Phelps round up the latest news and publications issued by the Financial Conduct Authority. Read more
Hedge Fund and Private Equity Fund - Structures, Regulation and Criminal RisksDuff & Phelps
Duff & Phelps Managing Directors Ann Gittleman and Norman Harrison discussed structures, regulation and criminal risks in hedge fund and private equity fund at the Annual FBI conference in Washington, D.C. Read more in this report.
Food and Beverage M&A Landscape - Summer 2018Duff & Phelps
M&A deal activity in the food and beverage industry remains active, with more than 270 deals closed over the last twelve-month (LTM) period ended July 31, 2018. Mega-sized deals continued to make headlines, with several North American transactions closing at multibillion values since our Spring 2018 report. The largest transaction seen was the merger between Keurig Green Mountain Inc. and Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, at a value over $25 billion. Other large transactions include, Conagra Brands’ $10.9 billion acquisition of Pinnacle Foods Inc., a manufacturer and distributor of branded convenience food products in North America, as well as General Mills’ acquisition of Blue Buffalo Pet Products, Inc., a natural pet food company for $8.0 billion.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights – Spring 2018
1. 1
S p r i n g 2 0 1 8
Industry Insights: Outdoor
Recreational Products
2. Highlights Ta b l e o f
C o n t e n t sA strong macroeconomic climate coupled with a growing desire
among consumers to lead active, healthy lifestyles (driven by
Millennials) has resulted in growing M&A activity and healthy deal
multiples in the outdoor products industry.
Secular trends continue to drive consumers outside, leading to
increasing participation in outdoor activities.
The M&A market has been dominated by both hyper-acquisitive
strategic buyers, motivated to expand category offerings, fill product
gaps and bolster e-commerce capabilities, as well as resurgence of
financial sponsors actively seeking add-on acquisitions for platform
companies and smaller, high-growth investments.
The Outdoor industry faces a shifting political landscape involving
public lands that anchor recreation, resulting in outdoor industry
companies responding with political activism.
The U.S. sportswear market is seeing a major shift from traditional
in-store purchases to higher velocity digital purchases. Brick-and-
mortar outdoor retail specialists face competition from pure “e-tailers”
and direct-to-consumer (D2C) brands that price aggressively.
Outdoor brands have become more fashion-conscious to meet
consumer preferences for versatile outerwear that is stylish yet
possess the functional capabilities of traditional outdoor gear. This
trend, defined as “athleisure,” consists of casual, comfortable clothing
designed to be suitable for both exercise and everyday wear.
Page 2
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
3 Key Trends Impacting the Industry
Selected Recent M&A Activity9
Segment Highlights6
M&A Activity Highlights8
Selected Recent Duff & Phelps Outdoor Products
Transactions
15
Public Valuations13
Historical Public Valuations Trends14
3. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
Key Recent Trends Impacting the Industry
Page 3
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
Increasing Participation in Outdoor Activities
Consumer enthusiasm for outdoor activities has risen considerably over the
past five years, propelling the industry to generate revenues of more than $650
billion in 2016. Nearly half of all Americans participated in at least one outdoor
activity in 2016, equating to ~150 million people.1
Hiking and climbing continue to grow in the outdoor industry, increasing their
participation rates 7% and 6%, respectively, over the three years 2014 to 2016.
Cross-country skiing and BMX bicycling also saw some of the biggest
participation increases during the same time period. While participation in
running was down 5%, running-related activities such as triathlon, adventure
racing and trail running all gained in popularity.2
Key factors driving demand in the global outdoor products market include
changing lifestyles driving increased shifts toward outdoor recreational activities,
along with growing consumer awareness regarding the physical and mental
benefits of sporting activities. With the ever-growing presence of e-commerce,
consumers are now able to research, compare and buy the outdoor products of
their choice.
Recreational activities and travel continue to be a core, yet increasing,
component of the American lifestyle. Recreational activities are also a vital
aspect of international visitation. The Department of Commerce reports that
40% of the nearly 25.6 million non-North American leisure visitors to the United
States in 2016 included national parks in their itineraries. Most components of
the recreation industry reported significant gains in 2017 and the general
outlook for 2018 continues to be optimistic. It is likely that recreational activities
will increase as more people seek active, healthy “high value” vacationing.3
Strong Macroeconomic Climate
The U.S. economy appears positioned for continued growth of 2%–2.5%
throughout 2018, providing favorable tailwinds for the outdoor products industry
through discretionary spending. Consumers, a key source of that strength,
continue to benefit from a strengthening labor market, low inflation and rising
incomes. Unemployment hit a record low of 4.2% in 2017, with an average of
about 148,000 jobs added every month over the past year.4
Generational Shifts Toward Healthier Lifestyles
A growing percentage of the general population is shifting toward healthier
lifestyles, driving growth in various sub-segments of the outdoor market
through stronger participation in sports, fitness and recreational activities.
Generally speaking, Millennials tend to take a more holistic approach to
health and wellness than older demographics. Millennials make fitness part
of their daily regimen, they are more conscious of their diet and they smoke
less than previous generations.
Industry Views Climate Change as an Existential Threat to the Industry
The scientific community is increasingly concerned that climate change may
alter the way parks and recreation administrators plan, design and manage
parks, public lands and recreation facilities.5
Many types of outdoor recreation is affected by climate change, from snow-
skiing to desert hiking. For backcountry recreation, climate change is having
a more indirect, though no less potent, effect. Certain types of outdoor
recreation, such as whitewater rafting, kayaking and other aquatic activities,
are already facing a higher likelihood of disruption as climate change
becomes increasingly real.
Industry leaders suggest that climate change is not only affecting the ways
people recreate, but also how they may do business. This has caused many
manufacturers to take a much more active role in advocacy for public lands.
Companies such as Patagonia, The North Face and Keen Footwear have
spoken out through social media and national campaigns to protect public
lands and demand action for conservation at the national level.
The negative impacts of climate change have led corporations to become
advocates for outdoor recreation and the environment.
Source: (1), (2) and (3): The Outdoor Foundation, American Recreation Coalition, “Outdoor Recreation Outlook 2018”, (4): Deloitte, “2018 Travel and Hospitality Industry Outlook,” and Fred
Economic Data, U.S. Department of Labor, (5) National Recreation and Park Association, “Climate Change is Changing the Face of Outdoor Recreation”
4. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
Key Recent Trends Impacting the Industry
Page 4
Shifting Political Landscape
The Outdoor industry is facing a shift in political landscape involving the public
lands that anchor recreation. Having a nearly trillion dollar impact, outdoor
recreation is one of the nation’s largest economic sectors.6 With the investments
in the foundation of the recreation economy, i.e., public lands and waters, there
is compounding return in the form of healthier communities, healthier
economies and healthier people.
The Outdoor Recreation Jobs and Economic Impact Act
The U.S. Congress passed the Outdoor Recreation Jobs and Economic Impact
(REC) Act with unanimous, bipartisan support, marking an important milestone
for the outdoor category. Signed by former President Barack Obama, the law
ensures the outdoor recreation economy is counted as part of U.S. gross
domestic product.
Trump Orders the Review of National Monument Designations
In April 2017, President Trump signed an executive order requesting Ryan
Zinke (Secretary of the Interior) to review every national monument designation
made under the Antiquities Act since 1996. The review will look at protections
made by the last three former presidents, with particular emphasis on Obama’s
controversial protection of Bears Ears in Utah last year.
The Outdoor Industry Association Takes Action
The Outdoor Industry Association’s separately owned Outdoor Retailer trade
shows recently moved its longtime home from Salt Lake City, citing the state
legislature’s position on public lands.
Significant Retail Bankruptcies
Following several significant retail bankruptcies that have occurred since 2015,
excess inventory comprising over 20 million square feet has opened up to
potentially flood a mixture of alternative selling channels: Third-party brick-and-
mortar stores, third-party “e-tailers” and DTC sales.7
In April 2016, Vestis Retail Group, owner of Eastern Mountain Sports
(EMS), Bob’s Stores and Sport Chalet, announced plans for Chapter 11
bankruptcy. The company shuttered its Sport Chalet business due to
operational and financial challenges and placed a long-term strategic focus
on Bob’s Stores and Eastern Mountain Sports.
Sports Chalet closed all of its locations, while EMS and Bob’s were
restructured and recapitalized through a section 363 sale to an affiliate of
Versa Capital Management.
In March 2017, outdoor retailer Gander Mountain filed for Chapter 11
bankruptcy, announcing plans to close 30+ underperforming stores. The
company has since rebranded as Gander Outdoors and will relaunch in
2018 with a revamped customer experience for outdoor enthusiasts.
Source: (6) National Recreation and Park Association, “Climate Change is Changing the Face of Outdoor Recreation,” and Outdoor Industry
Association, “Outdoor Recreation Economy Report,” (7) SGB Media: SGB Online, The Sport Digest
Third-Party Brick-and-Mortar
Third-Party Online Only Sales
Direct-to-Consumer Sales
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
5. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
Key Recent Trends Impacting the Industry
Page 5
Strong Adoption of DTC Business Models in Sportswear and Outdoor
The U.S. sportswear market is seeing a major shift from in-store to digital
purchases. The segment saw current value retail growth of 40% between 2011
and 2016, while online sales of sportswear recorded much faster growth of over
150%. Although sportswear companies consider sporting goods retailers an
important channel, they have reduced inventory in this channel due to lower in-
store traffic trends, focusing instead on DTC channels.8
Specialty brick-and-mortar outdoor retailers also face many challenges,
particularly in the United States. These include competition from DTC retailers
and pure e-tailers who can apply downward pressure on prices.
Growing Focus on Athleisure
Outdoor brands have become more fashion-conscious to meet consumer
demand for versatile outerwear that is stylish yet possesses the technical
characteristics of traditional outdoor gear. This trend, defined as “athleisure,”
consists of casual, comfortable clothing designed to be suitable for both
physical activity and everyday wear. The North Face is one example of an
outdoor apparel brand that has launched fashionable, athleisure lines. The
brand is collaborating with fashion designer Junya Watanabe and luxury
streetwear brand Supreme to produce trendy outdoor apparel collections.9
Climbing Activities Soar in Popularity
The U.S. climbing market is becoming increasingly urbanized. Far from the
mountains, the soaring popularity of indoor climbing has sparked new interest in
the activity, helping the industry to grow by 13% in 2016, according to global
information company The NPD Group, Inc.. The industry has grown its sales by
over $50 million since 2014, reaching a four-year high of approximately $175
million.10
Climbing gear, the largest category, comprising over 80% of total sales dollars,
grew by 13% in 2016, with climbing shoes (+28%), quickdraws (+26%) and
cams (+24%) driving growth. Meanwhile, sales of climbing ropes and helmets
grew by 8% and 6%, respectively.11
Hydration Becomes a Key Growth Area
Consumers have shown that they are willing to pay a price for water.
According to The NPD Group, Inc., hydration represents a nearly $320
million category within the core U.S. outdoor industry, with sales up over
15% in the 12 months ending May 2017. Dollar sales have grown by nearly
$95 million (37%) in the past two years. Nearly all hydration categories have
experienced sales increases, including bottles (+23%), hands-free fanny
packs (+11%), large containers/jugs (+7%) and reservoirs (+2%). Strategic
buyers have also expressed M&A interest in hydration deals, demonstrated
by the recent acquisitions of CamelBak, Nathan, Fuelbelt and Hydroflask
over the past two years.12
Increased Overall Participation Rates
Within the Outdoor industry, outdoor sports and shooting activities have
seen an increased participation rate across gender and age demographics.
Research from a 2016 Outdoor Foundation report shows that the 18-to-24-
year old age category showed the most significant increase in participation
rates for outdoor recreational activities; furthermore, within that
demographic, the participation rate among females was over 15% higher
than that of males.13
Female participation continues to rise due to accessibility and as more
companies create apparel and other products specifically for women.
Outdoor Industry leaders have recognized the growing number of female
participants and are proactively providing the resources to encourage that
growth.
Millennials are Fueling New Growth in Recreational Vehicle Sales
Manufacturers are expected to ship nearly 450,000 RVs in 2017, up 3.5%
from 2016, which was also a record year. Industry experts say that low fuel
prices, favorable interest rates and an increased interest in the outdoors
suggest that more Americans than ever will likely see this as a good time to
buy an RV.14
Source: (8): Euromonitor International, Seeking Alpha, (9) Fung Global Retail Tech, “A Primer on Athleisure,” Fung Global Retail Tech, “Outdoor Gear—A Growing Global Market With
Challenges for Brick-And-Mortar Stores,” (10) and (11): The NPD Group, Inc., “U.S. Climbing Industry Reaches New Heights,” (12): The NPD Group Inc., “Hydration is a Hot Spot for the U.S.
Outdoor Industry,” (13): Racked, “The Women’s Outdoor Market is Just Starting to Catch Up,” (14): USA Today
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
6. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
Segment Highlights
Page 6
The global fitness apparel market is projected to eclipse $230 billion by
2024.15 Growth in the market will likely be driven by a growing portion of
the population living healthier lifestyles given stronger participation in
sports and fitness activities. Technological developments designed to
improve comfort and performance have also propelled growth. As a
result, sportswear is turning into a highly functional and fashionable
category.
Athleisure is the trend of donning activewear (designed for physical
activity) both inside and outside the gym. Millennials tend to take a more
holistic approach to health and wellness than older demographics as
fitness has become more intertwined into their daily regimen. Athleisure
brands have been successful in building a perceived authenticity and
emotional connection between their products and customer, driving
repeat purchases. The athleisure universe is growing across price
segments, making it increasingly difficult for brands to truly differentiate
themselves. The most successful brands have proven they can
withstand new market entrants and do not sell only clothes but offer a
lifestyle.
1 Athletic Apparel/Athleisure
Source: (15): Business Insider, “The Growth of Sales in Sportswear,” (16) Companies
selected based on Fung Global Retail Tech Groupings
Fung Global Retail Tech, “A Primer on Athleisure,” Forbes
Select Athleisure Brands’ Price Positioning16
Price HighLow
Top Outdoor Footwear Sector Developments
2
Source: SGB Media: SGB Online
Light-Hiking, Trail Shoes and Sandals Are Becoming More Prevalent
• Light, travel-friendly shoes that are sturdy yet comfortable appeal to
Millennial consumers who place a high importance on traveling
• Trail running shoes have been an effective form/function offering that
attracts younger customers, while light-hiking
Outdoor Brands Are Becoming Environmentally Conscious
• Brands that have demonstrated a commitment to environmental
awareness and sustainability are winning today’s consumer
• Timberland recently developed 6" boots with uppers made from recycled
plastic to appeal to consumers seeking this type of authentic brand
connection
Consumers Have Demonstrated “Buy Now, Wear Now” Behavior
• Consumers are becoming increasingly accustomed to on-demand
“everything” and, as a result, are purchasing products closer to their exact
time of need
• Shoppers can now purchase based on cold-weather needs instead of
planning ahead in the fall when products typically hit retailers
Retailers Are Leveraging Customer Data
• Both traditional specialty retailers are using consumer databases to shift
their merchandising strategies and develop targeted marketing campaigns
• Physical stores are also placing fewer orders in advance of each season,
preferring to make in-season orders once they have gauged seasonal
trends and potential customer demand
New Niche of “Made in America” Brands and Techniques Are
Flourishing
• Vendors utilizing overseas manufacturing with long lead times are
challenged by ever-changing consumer preferences
• As a result, a new niche of “Made In America” brands and production
techniques are flourishing due to greater supply chain flexibility and
reduced production times
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
7. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
Segment Highlights
Page 7
The Winter Sports industry grew by a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of 5.5% to $4.7 billion between 2011 and 2016, despite lower
than expected snowfall in recent years.17 Increased recreational
spending driven by rising consumer incomes is propelling demand for
snow sports apparel in the United States. Furthermore, the growing
popularity of the Winter Olympics has only fueled demand for snow
sports apparel worldwide. Countries such as Austria, Canada, France,
Germany, Italy, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States. have
long been associated with winter sports, whereas emerging Asian
economies such as Australia, China and Japan are now also making a
foray into the category. Alpine and Freestyle Skiing, Ski Mountaineering,
Cross-country Skiing, Ski Jumping, Snowboarding, Ice Hockey and
Biathlon are some of the most common snow sports across the world.
Aside from the growing popularity of winter sports, safety awareness
among participants has increased significantly in past years. As a result,
greater utilization of protective gear such as shell tops and helmets has
taken place. Additionally, nature-based getaways which combine leisure
and competition have grown in popularity and have been accretive to the
global snow sports apparel market. As a result, consumers and large
strategic corporations alike continue to seek out winter sports
acquisitions.
3 Winter Sports
Source: (17): SnowSports Industries America, (18): Mergermarket Group Intelligence,
S&P Capital IQ, PR Newswire, “Snow Sports Apparel Market: Popularity of Winter
Olympics Driving Demand, Notes TMR”
Select Recent Winter Sports Acquisitions18
Firearms and Ammunition
4
Over the last few years, gun ownership and purchases have risen as
consumers are stockpiling in record numbers. As the debate about legislature
related to gun control has grown, gun sales have soared above historical levels.
Since 2007, firearm sales have grown at an 11% CAGR vs. 2% for other
consumer durables–the expansion due, in part, to a combination of new
participants, an increased focus on personal protection and a high level of
repeat purchases due to new product innovations.19 There has been a recent
decline in demand following the 2016 presidential election as Republican policy
has historically posed little threat of gun reform. 2017 NICS firearm background
checks (a general indicator of industry growth) were down 9% from 2016,
however, background checks in 2017 actually exceeded those from 2015.20
The firearm industry remains highly consolidated as the top 10 gun
manufacturers account for 8 million firearm sales annually, representing roughly
two-thirds of the total market.21
Remington Outdoor, one of the oldest and most acquisitive firearm
manufacturers in the U.S., filed for bankruptcy on March 25, 2018. The
company said it had between $100M and $500M in debt and would continue to
operate under protection.22
Firearm Sales in the U.S.23 /NCIS Background Checks24(millions)
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016
Handguns Rifles Shotguns
14.4
16.5
19.6
21.1 21
23.1
27.5
25.2
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: (19): Department of the Treasury, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, NSSF, BEA, and
Jefferies estimates, (20) and (24): FBI.gov, (21): Motherjones.com, (22): NY Times, (23): Bureau of Alcohol,
Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
8. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
M&A Activity Highlights
Page 8
Large strategic players and financial sponsors have consolidated smaller outdoor products banners, increasing scale while diversifying product offerings and filling gaps.
Publicly-traded strategics, flush with balance sheet cash, have been under increased pressure to generate growth, both organically and through acquisition. This has
resulted in premium acquisition multiples for smaller, high-growth and high-margin targets. Well-managed and operated businesses provide attractive platforms for
larger market participants.
The M&A market has been dominated by both hyper-acquisitive strategic buyers, motivated by expanding their e-commerce platforms and product offerings, and
resurgent private equity players making add-on acquisitions for platform companies.
Source: Mergermarket Group Intelligence, S&P Global Market Intelligence
Selected Recent Deal Activity
Castanea Partners has made an investment in
Simms Fishing Products, a manufacturer of high-
performance fishing apparel, footwear and gear.
Deal Facts
Transaction: $28M Minority Investment
Date: July 2017
Amer Sports Corporation (HLSE:AMEAS) has
announced the acquisition of Peak Performance
Production AB, a manufacturer and retailer of
technical sports and fashion wear, from IC Group.
Deal Facts
Transaction: $308M
Date: April 2018
EV/Revenue: 1.80x
VF Corporation announced the acquisition of
Icebreaker New Zealand, a retailer of Merino wool
apparel for outdoor activities and sports.
Deal Facts
Transaction: $288M
Date: November 2017
EV/Revenue: 1.92x
Birch Hill Equity has acquired Reebok-CCM Hockey,
a designer and manufacturer of hockey equipment
and apparel, from Adidas AG.
Deal Facts
Transaction: $110M
Date: July 2017
EV/EBITDA: 11.0x
Boardriders (f.k.a. Quiksilver) has announced the
acquisition of Billabong International, an Australian
surf, skate and snow specialist. Brands include
RVCA, Element and Xcel.
Deal Facts
Transaction: $224M (81%)
Date: December 2017
EV/EBITDA: 7.0x; EV/Revenue: 0.36x
Goode Partners has made an investment in Marolina
Outdoor, Inc., a manufacturer of fishing and hunting
apparel. Brands include Huk and Nomad.
Deal Facts
Transaction: $38M Minority Investment
Date: January 2018
EV/EBITDA: 7.0x; EV/Revenue: 0.36x
V.F. Corporation (NYSE:VFC) has announced the
acquisition of Altra Footwear Brand, a manufacturer
of lifestyle footwear, from Icon Health & Fitness Ltd.
Deal Facts
Transaction: ND
Date: March 2018
Kathmandu Holdings announced plans to acquire
Oboz, an outdoor footwear and apparel
manufacturer and retailer.
Deal Facts
Transaction: $75M
Date: March 2018
EV/EBITDA: 16.3x; EV/Revenue: 2.48x
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
9. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
Selected Recent M&A Activity
Page 9 Source: Mergermarket Group Intelligence, S&P Global Market Intelligence
*Represents a Minority Transaction
Enterprise Enterprise Value as
Date Value a Multiple of LTM:
Announced Acquirer/Target ($mm) Revenue EBITDA Target Description
04/30/18
Amer Sports Corporation/Peak Performance
Production AB
$307.9 1.80x - Peak Performance Production AB manufactures and retail technical sports and fashion wear.
03/19/18 Kathmandu Holdings Limited/Oboz Footwear, LLC $75.0 2.48x 16.3x Oboz Footwear, LLC designs, manufactures and sells shoes for men and women.
03/19/18 Authentic Brands Group LLC/Nautica - - - Nautica brand business of V.F. Corporation comprises apparel manufacturing business.
03/14/18 V.F. Corporation/Altra Footwear Brand - - - Altra Footwear Brand of Icon Health & Fitness, Inc. comprises business operation that manufactures lifestyle footwear.
01/26/18 ITOCHU Corporation/Honma Golf Limited $515.7 2.31x 9.9x Honma Golf Limited designs, develops, manufactures and sells a range of golf club equipment .
01/02/18 Goode Partners/Marolina Outdoors* - - - Marolina Outdoor, Inc. designs and manufactures outdoor apparel.
12/01/17 Boardriders, Inc./Billabong International Limited $266.9 0.36x 7.1x Billabong International Limited produces and retails apparel, accessories and hard goods in the board sports sector.
11/06/17 Do Outdoors, Inc./Strike King Lure Company, LLC - - - Strike King Lure Company, LLC designs and manufactures fishing lures, terminal tackle and related accessories.
11/02/17 V.F. Corporation/Ice Breaker New Zealand $288.0 1.92x - Icebreaker New Zealand Ltd. produces merino clothing for outdoors, technical sports and lifestyle.
10/02/17 MCBC Holdings, Inc./Nautic Star $79.8 1.25x - Nautic Star, LLC manufactures and sells recreational boats, engines and parts to retail dealers in the United States.
10/02/17 Court Square Capital Partners L.P./PlayCore, Inc. - - - PlayCore, Inc. manufactures and sells educational play and recreation products.
09/01/17
ShelterLogic Corp./Outdoor Prod. Div. (Bravo
Sports)
- - - Outdoor Prod. Div. of Bravo Sports designs and manufactures shade canopies, outdoor chairs and accessories.
08/29/17
Sumitomo Rubber Industries/Dunlop Sports Co.
Ltd.
$469.2 0.63x 7.5x Dunlop Sports Co. Ltd. manufactures and sells sporting goods to golfers and tennis players in Japan.
08/21/17 Clarus Corporation/Sierra Bullets, L.L.C. $79.0 2.47x 6.3x Sierra Bullets, L.L.C. manufactures and sells bullets for shooters in the United States and internationally.
08/21/17
AEA Investors LP; Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan
Board; Trilantic Capital Management LLC/Traeger
Pellet Grills
- - - Traeger Pellet Grills manufactures wood pellet grills for outdoor cooking.
08/03/17 Callaway Golf Company/travisMathew, LLC $125.5 - - travisMathew, LLC manufactures and sells apparel and accessories for men.
08/01/17
Capital Southwest Corporation; Luther King
Capital Management Corporation/Alliance Sports
Group, L.P.
- - - Alliance Sports Group, L.P. designs, manufactures and distributes sports and outdoor products worldwide.
07/27/17 Birch Hill Equity/Reebox CCM Hockey Inc. $110.0 - - Reebok-CCM Hockey, Inc. designs, manufactures and markets hockey equipment and related apparel.
07/25/17 Michael Kors Holdings Limited/Jimmy Choo PLC $1,377.5 2.65x 18.2x Jimmy Choo PLC manufactures and sells shoes and accessories for men and women worldwide.
07/20/17
Crosman Corporation/LaserMax Corp.,
Commercial Business
- - - Commercial Business of LaserMax Corp. manufactures laser sight systems for commercial markets worldwide.
07/05/17 Castanea Partners/Simms Fishing Products LLC* - - - Simms Fishing Products LLC manufactures fishing gear for professional guides.
06/09/17 Invision Capital/ShoreMaster, LLC - - - ShoreMaster, LLC manufactures waterfront equipment for a broad range of waterfront environments.
06/02/17
Compass Diversified Holdings/Crosman
Corporation
$151.5 1.28x 7.6x
Crosman Corporation manufactures airguns and other related products for hunting, recreation and competitive
shooting.
05/26/17
Kohlberg & Company, LLC/Newell Brands Inc.,
Winter Sports Business
$240.0 0.73x 9.6x
Newell Brands Inc., Winter Sports Business is comprised of Völkl, K2, Marker, Dalbello, Madshus, Line, Full Tilt, Atlas
and Tubbs, Ride and BCA, among other winter sports brands.
05/16/17 Mad Engine Inc./Neff Headwear, Inc. - - - Neff Headwear, Inc. manufactures snow and skate headwear.
05/11/17 Garmin Ltd./Active Corporation - - - Active Corporation develops an electronic marine database, ActiveCaptain, that contains real-time marina information.
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
10. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
Selected Recent M&A Activity (Cont’d)
Page 10 Source: Mergermarket Group Intelligence, S&P Global Market Intelligence
*Represents a Minority Transaction
Enterprise Enterprise Value as
Date Value a Multiple of LTM:
Announced Acquirer/Target ($mm) Revenue EBITDA Target Description
05/10/17
KPS Capital Partners, LP/Taylor Made Golf
Company
$425.0 0.48x - Taylor Made Golf Company manufactures golf products.
05/08/17 Roustan Capital/Supreme Brands L.L.C. - - - Supreme Brands L.L.C. manufactures hockey equipment.
04/28/17
CDH Investments/Belle International Holdings
Limited
$5,553.9 0.93x 6.6x
Belle International Holdings Limited, an investment holding company, manufactures, distributes and retails
footwear products.
04/20/17 Main Post Partners/KUIU, Inc.* $217.4 4.00x - KUIU, Inc. manufactures high-end hunting gear, offering clothing, tents, gearbags and accessories.
04/11/17 KL Outdoor LLC/GSC Technology Corp. - - -
GSC Technology Corp. manufactures plastic storage and organization products, sporting goods and
household products.
03/15/17 FeraDyne Outdoors LLC/Eastman Outdoors, Inc. - - - Eastman Outdoors, Inc. is a leading producer of premium archery components and accessories.
02/23/17
Crescent Capital Partners/Tigerlily Swimwear Pty
Ltd.
$45.8 2.00x - Tigerlily Swimwear Pty Ltd. engages in swimwear and girls apparel businesses.
02/15/17 Marucci Sports LLC/Victus Sports, LLC - - - Victus Sports, LLC manufactures wooden bats.
02/02/17 Trek Bicycle Corporation/Revolution Cycles, Inc. - - - Revolution Cycles, Inc. sells and services bicycles and related products for diplomats, couriers, students and families.
01/31/17
PlayPower, Inc./Wabash Valley Manufacturing,
Inc.
- - - Wabash Valley Manufacturing, Inc. manufactures outdoor furniture and accessories.
01/24/17 Textron Specialized Vehicles Inc./Arctic Cat Inc. $314.9 0.62x NM Arctic Cat Inc. designs, manufactures and markets snowmobiles, ATVs and recreational off-highway vehicles.
01/23/17
One Step Up Ltd.; Hilco Streambank, LLC/Hillerich
& Bradsby Co., PowerBilt Golf and Sporting Goods
Portfolio
- - - Hillerich & Bradsby Co., PowerBilt Golf and Sporting Goods Portfolio manufactures golf and sporting goods.
01/19/17
Falconhead Capital, LLC; M3 Outdoor
Investments LLC/Kwik Tek, Inc.
- - -
Kwik Tek, Inc., doing business as Airhead Sports Group, designs, manufactures and distributes outdoor water sport
and winter sport consumer products.
01/12/17 FlyDive, Inc./Jetpack Enterprises, LLC - - - Jetpack Enterprises, LLC sells and rents hydro-flight equipment in the United States.
01/11/17 New Water Capital/KL Outdoor - - - KL Outdoor is a leading manufacturer of branded outdoor products.
01/11/17 Callaway Golf Company/OGIO International, Inc. $75.5 - - OGIO International, Inc. designs and manufactures bags and backpacks.
01/09/17 Bear Archery, INC./Jim Fletcher Archery Aids, Inc. - - - Jim Fletcher Archery Aids, Inc. manufactures precision archery equipment, releases and archery aids.
01/09/17 Sea to Summit Inc./Neptune Mountaineering, Inc. - - - Neptune Mountaineering, Inc. operates an outdoor retail store in Boulder, Colorado.
12/13/16 Caleres, Inc./Allen Edmonds Corporation $255.0 - - Allen Edmonds Corporation designs and manufactures footwear, clothing and accessories for men.
12/06/16 L Catterton/Cicli Pinarello S.p.A - - - Cicli Pinarello S.p.A. manufactures and sells racing and after racing bicycles and accessories for men, women and kids.
11/29/16 Golf Digest Online Inc./U.S. Kids Golf, LLC - - - U.S. Kids Golf, LLC manufactures and markets golf equipment and related accessories for kids.
11/22/16 True Temper Sports, Inc./VH Footwear Inc. - - - VH Footwear Inc. designs and manufactures ice hockey skates.
11/18/16 Brunswick Corporation/Paynes Marine Supply Inc. - - - Paynes Marine Supply Inc. distributes and wholesales marine equipment in Canada.
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
11. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
Selected Recent M&A Activity (Cont’d)
Page 11 Source: Mergermarket Group Intelligence, S&P Global Market Intelligence
*Represents a Minority Transaction
Enterprise Enterprise Value as
Date Value a Multiple of LTM:
Announced Acquirer/Target ($mm) Revenue EBITDA Target Description
11/03/16 Battenfeld Co./Ultimate Survival Technologies $34.3 1.43x - Ultimate Survival Technologies, Inc. manufactures and retails camping equipment and survival tools.
11/01/16 Peak Rock Capital/Do Outdoors, Inc. - - - Do Outdoors, Inc., d.b.a. Lew’s Fishing, manufactures and markets fishing equipment and accessories.
10/31/16
Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited; Sagard
Holdings Inc./Performance Sports Group Ltd.
(Assets)
$692.8 - - Performance Sports Group Ltd. developed ice hockey, roller hockey, lacrosse, baseball and other sports equipment.
10/31/16
Marquee Brands LLC/Body Glove International,
LLC
- - - Body Glove International, LLC manufactures and sells water sports apparel and accessories for men and women.
10/26/16 Wilson Sporting Goods Co./EvoShield $11.7 1.07x - EvoShield LLC manufactures protective sports gear for professional and college sports teams.
10/20/16 Bravo Sports Corporation/Nutcase, Inc. - - - Nutcase, Inc. manufactures and sells stylized helmets for young and old bicyclists and skaters globally.
10/18/16
Good Sportsman Marketing, L.L.C./HME
Products, LLC
- - - HME Products, LLC manufactures hunting accessories.
10/11/16 Nammo AS/Berger Bullets, LLC - - - Berger Bullets, LLC manufactures and sells rifle bullets for hunting, competitions, ballistics and other applications.
09/02/16 Magnus Holdings/Acushnet Holdings Corp. $1,858.8 1.38x 12.2x Acushnet Holdings Corp. designs, develops, manufactures and distributes golf products worldwide.
09/01/16 Vista Outdoor Inc./Camp Chef, Inc. $74.0 - - Camp Chef, Inc. manufactures outdoor cooking instruments.
08/29/16 Callaway Golf Company/Toulon Design - - - Toulon Design manufactures golf putters.
08/15/16 Cintas Corporation/G&K Services, Inc. $2,149.6 2.23x 13.7x G&K Services, Inc. provides branded uniform and facility services programs in the United States and Canada.
08/01/16 Spin Master Corp./Swimways Corporation $93.5 1.04x - Swimways Corporation develops, manufactures and sells leisure and recreational water products for kids and adults.
07/29/16 Compass Diversified Holdings LLC/5.11, Inc. $400.0 1.37x 10.5x 5.11, Inc. designs and manufactures clothing, uniforms, outerwear, footwear and tactical gear for military professionals.
07/26/16 Gildan Activewear Inc./Peds Legwear Inc. $55.0 0.70x - Peds Legwear Inc. manufactures and markets foot apparel and legwear for women, men, babies and children.
07/25/16 Smith & Wesson/Crimson Trace Corporation $95.0 2.16x 5.9x Crimson Trace Corporation develops, produces and sells laser sighting products and tactical lights for shooters.
07/15/16 Battenfeld Technologies, Inc./Taylor Brands, LLC $85.0 2.18x - Taylor Brands, LLC manufactures, designs, and distributes stainless steel knives and accessories.
07/05/16
BRS Outdoor Sports Holdings, LLC/Daisy
Manufacturing Company, Inc.
- - - Daisy Manufacturing Company, Inc., doing business as Daisy Outdoor Products, manufactures and distributes air guns.
07/01/16 Brunswick Corporation/Thunder Jet Boats Inc. $20.9 1.05x - Thunder Jet Boats Inc. manufactures and sells aluminum boats for commercial and government applications.
06/29/16 Bravo Sports Corporation/Sector 9 Inc. $12.0 - - Sector 9 Inc. manufactures skateboards for customers in the United States.
05/04/16 Gilden Activewear/Alstyle Apparel $109.4 0.60x 5.8x
Alstyle designs, manufactures and distributes apparel for adults, juniors and youth in the United States, Mexico
and Canada.
04/27/16 Hanesbrands Inc./Pacific Brands Limited $728.8 1.16x 11.7x Pacific Brands Limited manufactures, imports and sells consumer products in Australia and internationally.
04/15/16 Waterbrands, LLC/Carbonerro, Inc. - - - Carbonerro, Inc. manufactures paddles.
04/14/16 Freeman Spogli/Osprey Packs* - - - Osprey Packs is a leading provider of technical backpacks.
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
12. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
Selected Recent M&A Activity (Cont’d)
Page 12 Source: Mergermarket Group Intelligence, S&P Global Market Intelligence
*Represents a Minority Transaction
Enterprise Enterprise Value as
Date Value a Multiple of LTM:
Announced Acquirer/Target ($mm) Revenue EBITDA Target Description
04/07/16 Hanesbrands Inc./Champion Europe S.p.A. $222.1 - 10.0x Champion Europe S.p.A. manufactures athletic apparel and accessories.
04/04/16 Johnson Outdoors Inc./Northport Systems Inc. - - - Northport Systems Inc., d.b.a. Fugawi, provides marine software, navigational accessories and operation services.
03/24/16 Arcus Hunting, LLC/Ramcat Broadheads - - - Ramcat Broadheads manufactures and sells blade over shaft broadheads for crossbows and compound bows.
03/21/16 The Outdoor Group LLC/CAMX Outdoors Inc. - - - CAMX Outdoors Inc. engages in the design, building, manufacture, support and service of hunting crossbows.
03/08/16 The Outdoor Group LLC/Lynch Mob Calls - - - Lynch Mob Calls manufactures hunting and outdoor space products.
03/03/16 Samsonite/Tumi Holdings $1,722.3 3.17x 14.2x Tumi Holdings designs, produces and markets premium travel products and accessories.
02/24/16 Vista Outdoor Inc./Bell Sports Corp. $400.0 - - Bell Sports Corp. manufactures, markets and distributes bicycle accessories and helmets in North America.
02/22/16 Amer Sports Corporation/ENVE Composites, LLC $50.0 1.67x - ENVE Composites, LLC designs, engineers and manufactures wheels and components for the bicycle industry.
Median 1.37x 9.9x
Mean 1.57x 10.2x
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
13. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
Public Valuations
Page 13 Selected most actively traded public companies as of 4/30/2018
Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence
$ in millions, except per share data Stock % of Enterprise Value as a Multiple of LTM LTM
Price 52-Week Market Enterprise Revenue EBITDA Price / EBITDA Revenue
30-Apr-18 High Value Value LTM 2018E LTM 2018E EPS Margin Growth
Outdoor and Leisure Products
Samsonite International S.A. $35.60 92.2% $53,464 $55,057 2.16x 1.96x 13.4x 11.8x NM 16.1% (2.1%)
Shimano Inc. 132.93 79.8% 12,323 10,284 3.30x 3.14x 13.1x 12.9x 37.1x 25.1% (0.6%)
Brunswick Corporation 59.88 92.9% 5,231 5,380 1.17x 1.12x 9.0x 8.3x 17.7x 13.0% 3.6%
BRP Inc. 40.50 93.2% 4,071 4,663 1.33x 1.26x 10.5x 9.5x 22.1x 12.7% (0.5%)
Amer Sports Corporation 30.67 95.0% 3,534 4,157 1.30x 1.28x 12.1x 11.6x 24.7x 10.8% 1.2%
Thule Group AB (publ) 23.20 98.8% 2,394 2,617 3.85x 3.62x 19.6x 18.2x 31.7x 19.7% (0.9%)
Vista Outdoor Inc. 16.75 66.8% 960 1,853 0.80x 0.83x 11.7x 10.1x NM 6.9% (0.3%)
Compass Diversified Holdings LLC 15.50 84.5% 928 1,634 1.29x 1.06x 9.1x 7.0x 46.9x 14.2% 0.1%
Callaway Golf Company 17.26 93.6% 1,644 1,794 1.57x 1.52x 12.2x 13.6x 22.3x 12.9% (9.3%)
Dorel Industries Inc. 27.75 75.9% 900 1,371 0.53x 0.52x 8.5x 7.6x 16.6x 6.3% (0.9%)
Sturm, Ruger & Company, Inc. 55.25 80.3% 964 901 1.73x 1.68x 8.2x 7.2x 20.3x 21.1% 3.1%
Accell Group N.V. 23.40 61.1% 615 810 0.63x 0.60x 13.7x 10.4x 26.8x 4.6% 1.6%
American Outdoor Brands Corporation 11.00 44.9% 595 795 1.20x 1.33x 7.4x 9.0x 20.9x 16.2% 2.3%
Johnson Outdoors Inc. 64.76 85.0% 640 561 1.09x 1.05x 9.1x 8.6x 18.1x 12.0% (3.8%)
Nautilus, Inc. 14.55 73.5% 444 407 1.00x 0.95x 7.6x 8.0x 16.1x 13.2% 0.2%
Calida Holding AG 36.48 87.3% 299 295 0.77x 0.74x 10.1x 9.2x 24.5x 7.6% (1.7%)
Rapala VMC Corporation 4.15 81.5% 159 249 0.81x 0.81x 11.7x 9.0x 28.9x 6.9% 1.1%
Escalade, Incorporated 13.25 92.0% 191 211 1.19x 1.17x 11.6x 10.4x 20.3x 10.3% (1.7%)
Bonny Worldwide Limited 1.09 83.2% 54 47 0.89x NA 7.8x NA 37.7x 11.5% NA
Median 1.19x 1.15x 10.5x 9.3x 22.3x 12.7% (0.4%)
Mean 1.40x 1.37x 10.9x 10.1x 25.5x 12.7% (0.5%)
Lifestyle and Apparel Products
NIKE, Inc. $68 97.4% $110,228 $108,963 3.09x 2.91x 21.3x 20.3x 41.8x 14.5% (0.3%)
adidas AG 246 94.5% 50,035 49,183 1.92x 1.80x 16.7x 14.3x 32.1x 11.5% 0.6%
V.F. Corporation 80.87 95.8% 32,492 34,849 2.95x 2.65x 19.0x 16.8x 35.4x 15.6% 2.5%
Lululemon Athletica Inc. 99.80 99.2% 13,589 12,599 4.76x 4.17x 21.0x 17.7x 42.8x 22.7% (0.6%)
PUMA SE 487.20 92.3% 7,282 6,987 1.36x 1.29x 16.1x 14.1x 47.5x 8.4% (3.1%)
Columbia Sportswear Company 83.01 94.4% 5,816 5,043 1.99x 1.89x 15.0x 13.7x 34.6x 13.3% (3.2%)
Fila Korea Ltd. 122.06 99.2% 1,492 2,848 1.20x 1.21x 10.7x 8.8x 22.8x 11.2% (1.2%)
G-III Apparel Group, Ltd. 36.49 89.1% 1,795 2,140 0.76x 0.72x 10.7x 9.5x 24.0x 7.1% 0.3%
Deckers Outdoor Corporation 93.26 94.3% 2,962 2,501 1.34x 1.32x 10.4x 8.7x 24.1x 12.9% (0.9%)
Under Armour, Inc. 15.35 70.4% 0 637 0.13x 0.12x 1.9x 1.6x NM 6.7% (2.0%)
Median 1.64x 1.56x 15.6x 13.9x 34.6x 12.2% (0.7%)
Mean 1.95x 1.81x 14.3x 12.6x 33.9x 12.4% (0.8%)
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
14. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
Historical Public Valuations Trends
Page 14
(25) Index calculation excludes any companies with non-meaningful trading multiples
Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence; LTM values as of 4/30/2018
Segments weighted based on market cap values at period end
Enterprise Value as a Multiple of EBITDA25
Median: 16.7x
Median: 11.5x
10.5x
15.7x
11.9x
16.3x
11.5x
17.7x
11.5x
15.9x
11.6x
17.1x
11.4x
18.9x
11.4x
16.9x
0.0x
2.0x
4.0x
6.0x
8.0x
10.0x
12.0x
14.0x
16.0x
18.0x
20.0x
Outdoor and Leisure Products Lifestyle and Apparel Products
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 LTM Average
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018
15. Capital Markets Industry Insights | Q1 2016
Selected Recent Duff & Phelps Outdoor Products
Transactions
Page 15
has been recapitalized by
Placement Agent*
has completed a going-
private transaction with
Sell-Side Advisor
has been acquired by
Sell-Side Advisor
has been acquired by
Buy-Side Advisor
a portfolio company of
has acquired
a portfolio company of
Board Advisor
has completed a leveraged
dividend recapitalization
has been acquired by
Sell-Side Advisor
has received a significant
minority investment from
Sell-Side Advisor
has acquired
Buy-Side Advisor
has been acquired by
Sell-Side Advisor
has received a significant
investment from
Sell-Side Advisor
*Represents a transaction completed by a Duff & Phelps professional
Duff & Phelps Outdoor Recreational Products Industry Insights | Spring 2018