Considering the fast-developing technologies of the past 50 years, is it possible that a computer replaces human beings to heal humanity in the future?

1. Our future doctor
Would you want a human to be your
personal physician, cardiologist or surgeon ?
Jean JARDEL
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Monday 16th April 2018

2. Jean JARDEL
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A medical tricorder as seen in Star Trek
Computers in medicine
and Science-Fiction
An automated surgery pod as seen in
Prometheus

3. Jean JARDEL
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The early beginning
• 1901 : Willem
Einthoven invented
the electrocardiogram
• Nobel Price in 1924

4. First computerized tool
• Mid-1950s : Homer Warner
monitored patient’s health with
circuits
• 1960 : first electrocardiogram
using computer
Jean JARDEL
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5. Computer starts helping
healing patients
• 1968 : computer-based
patient records : COSTAR at
Massachusetts General
Hospital
• To organize doctors’ time and
match up data
Jean JARDEL
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6. Medical diagnose helper
systems
• 1990 in the USA
• Electronic Health Record
(EHR)
• These systems don’t adapt to
patient’s personnel lifestyle or
evolution of medical
knowledge
Jean JARDEL
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7. IBM’s Watson
• 2011 : won the television
game ‘Jeopardy!’
• Deployed in the Memorial of
Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Center in New York in 2014
Jean JARDEL
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8. • Three competences :
• understands natural language
• capacity to formulate hypotheses
• ability to adapt and learn
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IBM’s Watson

9. • In 2017, some failures according to STAT :
• different forms of cancer
• only in 12 hospitals
• biased with American data
Jean JARDEL
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IBM’s Watson

10. General opinion
• 56 students of School of Mines interviewed
• Would you trust a medical diagnosis made by a
computer ?
35.7%
64.3%
No Yes
Jean JARDEL
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11. General opinion
• Could you have surgery with such a device ?
16.1%
83.9%
No Yes
Jean JARDEL
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12. General opinion
• Would you trust surgical robots controlled by
computers ? (as seen in Prometheus)
42.9%
57.1%
No Yes
Jean JARDEL
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13. Human professional
opinions
• Several professions : 14 doctors, physicians,
senior health managers, emergency medical
technicians, nurses
• Exercise in the university affiliated hospital of
Rouen
Jean JARDEL
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14. • Do you fear the development of new
technologies for the future of your profession ?
(22 answers)
Human professional
opinions
68.2%
31.8%
No Yes
Jean JARDEL
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15. • Would you like to develop the use of computers
in your profession ? (22 answers)
Human professional
opinions
18.2%
81.8%
No Yes
Jean JARDEL
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16. • Do you think that computers or robots could
replace your profession ? (22 answers)
Human professional
opinions
72.7%
9.1%
18.2%
No
Yes, in 10 years
Yes, in 25 to 50 years
Jean JARDEL
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17. • Developping an A.I. application : several stakeholders
• Who is responsible if an accident occurs?
Ethical issues
Jean JARDEL
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18. Conclusion
• Today, A.I. can’t replace human doctors
• Computers are only helping doctors
• Watson : the failure of machine learning but it all
begun few years ago
• Computer = threat for 30% of interviewed doctors
Jean JARDEL
18 School of Mines : Best Engineering School in France