Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. It is diagnosed through dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans and symptoms include bone pain, fractures of the wrist, hip and spine from minor stresses. Risk factors include menopause, smoking, low vitamin D levels, and long-term steroid use. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and medications like bisphosphonates to reduce fracture risk and increase bone density.

1. Osteoporosis