3. FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL 3
The New Normal
1
Temperature check upon
entry of building
Wear face mask and
face shield
2 3
Frequent disinfection of
common areas or commonly
touched surfaces
4
Observe physical
distancing
4. I. Reducing Transmission of COVID19
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL 4
DTI and DOLE Supplemental Guidelines on Workplace
Prevention and Control of Covid19
● Advising employees to conduct surface
disinfection in their work stations before
the start of the shift, intermittently during
shift and at the end of the shift.
● Discouraging sharing of personal items
between employees to prevent possible
transmission.
5. FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL 5
DTI and DOLE Supplemental Guidelines on Workplace
Prevention and Control of Covid19
II. Reduce Contact
● Videoconferencing shall always be used for meetings
needing large attendance of employees and/or for meetings
lasting longer than 15 minutes.
● Employers shall, as much as practicable, minimize the
duration of customer transactions to less than 15 minutes.
6. FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL 6
DTI and DOLE Supplemental Guidelines on Workplace
Prevention and Control of Covid19
III. Management of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Employees in the Workplace
● Employers shall ensure that the employees,
regardless of work arrangements, have
access to telemedicine services, either
through Health Maintenance Organization
(HMO), employer initiated telemedicine
services or Barangay Health Centers.
7. FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL 7
DTI and DOLE Supplemental Guidelines on Workplace
Prevention and Control of Covid19
c. Direct care for a patient with probable or confirmed COVID 19
patient without PPE
i.Contact Tracing
Close contacts shall be defined as employees with
exposures two (2) days before or within 14 days from
onset of symptoms of a suspect, confirmed or probable
case. Exposure shall be any of the following:
a. Face to face contact with a confirmed case within one (1)
meter and for more than fifteen (15) minutes, with or without
mask,
b. Direct physical contact with a confirmed case.
III. Management of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Employees in the Workplace
8. FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL 8
DTI and DOLE Supplemental Guidelines on Workplace
Prevention and Control of Covid19
ii. Contact Tracing among the Workplace
a. Employers shall conduct contact tracing within the
workplace to identify the close contacts. CCTV
may be used to identify close contacts.
b. Employers shall ensure that close contacts of
employees whose RT-PCR test confirmed positive
undergo a 14-day quarantine period.
III. Management of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Employees in the Workplace
9. FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL 9
DTI and DOLE Supplemental Guidelines on Workplace
Prevention and Control of Covid19
c. During the 14-day quarantine, close contacts shall be required to
regularly report to their employer any development
d. Close contacts who remain asymptomatic for 14 days may return to
work without need for a test.
e. Employers shall make available work-from-home (WFH) arrangements
for the close contacts when feasible.
III. Management of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Employees in the Workplace
10. FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL 10
DTI and DOLE Supplemental Guidelines on Workplace
Prevention and Control of Covid19
IV. Reporting
● Work Accident/Illness
Report (WAIR)
COVID-19
11.
12. Objectives
- Participants will be able to define and explain the OSH situation in the
Philippines and their workplaces;
- Define the roles of a Safety Officer;
- Discuss the basics of Risk Assessment Steps; and
- Define accident causation or Unsafe/Unhealthy Acts and Conditions.
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL 12
Module 1 : Overview of OSH
14. 14
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Importance of OSH
Global OSH Data: ILO Report
(International Labor Organization)
• 50% deaths occurred in Asia
• Every 15 seconds, 160 workers have a
work-related accident.
• 2.78 Million workers DIE every year
• Almost 195,000 work fatalities occur
every month
• 4 - 5 accidents every minute
15. 15
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
For employees:
Importance of OSH
1. To ensure safe working conditions for the employees.
2. To know the potential hazards in the workplace.
3. Be aware of the compensations and penalties for every violations in OSH
standards
For employers:
1. Legal
2. Economic
3. Moral
16. 16
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Different Cases of Occupational Diseases
● Essential Hypertension
● Cardiovascular Disease (due to obesity)
● Peptic Ulcer
● Neck and Shoulder Pain
● Error of refraction
● Back pain
Preventive and Control Measures/Activity
● OSH Orientation
● APE
● Company events
17. 17
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
OSH Policies and Programs
● Emergency Preparedness
● Drug-free Workplace
● Accident Prevention and Accident Investigation
● Anti sexual Harassment
● Health Surveillance
OSH Related Seminars and Trainings
● Basic Occupational Safety and Health
● Occupational First Aid and Basic Life Support
● Emergency Preparedness
● OSH Orientation
19. 19
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
RA 11058
“An Act Strengthening Compliance with
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
and Providing Penalties for Violations
Thereof”
Chapter IV. Covered Workplaces
Section 16. Safety and Health Training
b.) All workers shall undergo the mandatory eight (8)
hours safety and health seminar as required by the DOLE
which shall include a portion on joint employer-employee
orientation.
20. 20
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Employees’ Compensation Program (ECP)
EMPLOYEES’ COMPENSATION
PROGRAM (ECP)
The Employees’ Compensation Program (ECP) is a
government program designed to provide a
compensation package to public and private
employees or their dependents in the event of work-
related sickness, injury or death.
21. 21
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Employees’ Compensation Program (ECP)
WHO ARE COVERED UNDER THE EC
PROGRAM?
1.Private sector workers who are registered
members of the Social Security System (SSS)
except self-employed or voluntary members.
2. Government sector employees who are
registered member of the GSIS, including
members of the AFP, PNP, BFP, BJMP and
elective government officials.
22. 22
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Eight Members of the Commission
1. Secretary of Labor – Chairman
2. EC Exec Director
3. SSS Head
4. GSIS Head
5. PhilHealth Chairman
6. CSC Chairman
7. Employer Representative
8. Employee Representative
23. 23
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
1. Cancer of the epithelial lining of the bladder
2. Cancer, epitheliomatous or ulceration of the skin or of the corneal surface of the eye due to tar, pitch,
bitumen, mineral oil or paraffin, or any compound product or residue of any of these substances.
3. Cataract produced by exposure to the glare of, or rays from molten glass or molten or red hot metal.
4. Occupational Hearing Loss
5. Decompression sickness
6. Dermatitis due to irritants and sensitizers
7. Infections
8. Ionizing radiation disease, inflammation, ulceration or malignant disease of skin or subcutaneous
tissues of the bones or leukemia, or anemia of the aplastic type due to x-rays, ionizing particle,
radium or other radioactive substances.
9. Poisoning
10. Pneumoconiosis.
11. Diseases caused by abnormalities in temperature and humidity.
12. Vascular disturbance in the upper extremities due to continuous vibration from pneumatic tools or
power drills, riveting machines or hammers.
32 occupational work related diseases
24. 24
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
13. Viral Hepatitis
14. Poisoning by cadmium
15. Leukemia and lymphoma
16. Cancer of stomach and other lymphatic
and blood forming vessels; nasal cavity
and sinuses.
17. Cancer of the lungs, liver and brain
18. Cardiovascular diseases
19. Cerebrovascular accidents
20. Malaria and Schistosomiasis
21. Pneumonia
22. Hernia
23. Occupational Asthma
24. Musculoskeletal Disorders
25. Viral Encephalitis
26. Peptic Ulcer
27. Tuberculosis
28. Essential Hypertension
29. Asbestos-Related Diseases (ARD)
30. Viral Hepatitis
31. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
32. Byssinosis
32 occupational work related diseases
25. 25
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
a. Temporary Total Disability (TTD)
- benefit is given to an employee who is unable to work for a continuous
period not exceeding 120 days.
Benefits and Services of the Program
1. Loss of income benefit or a cash benefit given to a worker to compensate
for loss of income due to inability to work. There are 3 types of loss of
income benefits:
26. 26
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Benefits and Services of the Program
b. Permanent Total Disability (PTD) benefit is given to an employee who is
unable to work for more than 240 days.
- any employee under this title who contracts sickness or sustains an injury
resulting in his permanent total disability shall, for each month, be paid by
the System.
27. 28
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Benefits and Services of the Program
c. Permanent Partial Disability (PPD) benefit is given to a worker who
loses a body part and consequently, the loss of the use of that body part
28. 29
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Benefits and Services of the Program
Complete and permanent
loss of the use of:
No. of months
One thumb 8
One index finger 6
One middle finger 5
One ring finger 4
One little finger 2
One big toe 5
Any toe 2
One hand 31
One arm 40
One foot 25
One leg 37
One ear 8
Both ears 16
Hearing of one ear 8
Hearing of both ears 40
Sight of one eye 20
29. 30
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Benefits and Services of the Program
2. Medical benefits
3. Rehabilitation Services
4. Carer’s Allowance
5. Death Benefits
30.
31. 32
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Objectives
- Participants will be able to understand and apply concepts on
OSH in their workplace
- Participants will be able to identify unsafe acts and
conditions in their workplace
33. 34
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Accident Causation Theory
1. Domino Theory
Herbert William Heinrich (1931), proposed the “five-factor accident
sequence”.
● ancestry and social environment
● worker fault
● unsafe act and/or physical hazard
● accident
● damage or injury
34. 35
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Accident Causation Theory
2. Multiple Causation Theory
It is an outgrowth of the domino theory, but it postulates that for a
single accident there may be many contributory factors
(behavioral/environmental), causes and sub-causes.
35. 36
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Accident Causation Theory
3. Pure Chance Theory
- In this theory, all accidents are treated as corresponding to
acts of God, and it is held that there exist no interventions to
prevent them.
36. 37
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Accident Causation and Prevention
Accident
- an occurrence or event that is unexpected
or unforeseen, unplanned and unwanted.
- This may lead to a loss, damage, injury or
death
37. 38
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Accident Causation and Prevention
of Accidents
are
PREVENTABLE
Accidents are defined as
unplanned occurrences
which result in injuries,
fatalities, loss of
production or damage to
property and assets.
38. 39
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Accident Causation and Prevention
88%
10%
2%
Unsafe
Act
Unsafe
Condition
Acts of
God
UNSAFE ACT
Person performing a
task or activity that
may threaten safety
and health
UNSAFE CONDITION
The potential of
environment, materials,
equipment or process to
threaten safety and health
ACTS OF GOD
This is when we can’t
control these incidents
from happening.
39. 40
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Accident Causation and Prevention
Accident Prevention
• Requires the creation and maintenance of a safe working
environment, and the promotion of safe behaviour.
• Originally a reactive process - waiting for accidents or ill
health to happen and then devising and implementing a
prevention control.
40. 41
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Accident Causation and Prevention
Workplace Hazards
1. Safety Hazards - are unsafe working conditions that can cause injury,
illness, and death.
41. 42
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Accident Causation and Prevention
2. Health Hazards - are chemical, physical or biological factors in our
environment that can have negative impacts on our short- or long-
term health.
42. 43
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Accident Causation and Prevention
Type of Risks
1. High Risk Establishment
- Refers to a workplace wherein the presence of hazard or potential hazard
within the company may affect the safety and/or health of workers not
only within but also persons outside the premises of the workplace.
43. 44
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Accident Causation and Prevention
2. Medium Risk Establishment
- Refers to a workplace where there is moderate exposure to
safety and health hazards and with probability of the accident,
injury or illness, if no preventive or control measures are in
place.
44. 45
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Accident Causation and Prevention
3. Low Risk Establishment
- Refers to a workplace where there is low level of danger or
exposure to safety and health hazards or with low probability to
result in accident, harm or injury and illness.
45.
46. 47
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Objectives
- Participants will be able to know and apply basic
safety concepts in their workplace
- Participants will be able to know safety hazards
47. 48
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Housekeeping and Materials Handling
and Storage
What is Housekeeping?
- It is the general care, cleanliness, orderliness, and
maintenance of a business or property.
48. 49
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Housekeeping and Materials Handling
and Storage
What is Sanitation?
- The promotion of hygiene and prevention of
disease by maintenance of sanitary conditions
49. 50
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
SET IN
ORDER
Organize
what remains
SORT
Eliminate
what is not
needed
STANDARDIZE
Schedule
cleaning and
maintain
7S SWEEP
Clean work
area
SAFETY
Create a safe
work
environment
SELF
DISCIPLINE
Make it a
habit
SUSTAIN
Make 7s a
way of life
50. 51
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Machine Safety
Objectives
● Identify the causes and effect of machine related
incidents
● Enumerate ways/methods of machine safeguarding
● Explain the LOTO system
51. 52
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
What is a Machine?
● An assemblage of parts that
transmit forces, motion and
energy in a predetermined
matter.
● Can be simple or compound
52. 53
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Machine Safety
● Safeguarding any machine part that may cause injury. It is the
prevention of accidents when working with machine.
53. 54
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Importance of Machine Safety
Prevents:
1. Loss of life
2. Severe damage or injury
3. Loss of production
4. Equipment damage and repair
5. Possible litigation
6. Having time spent on accident
investigation and other statutory
requirements
54. 55
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Effects of Machine Related Accidents
● Can result to severe injuries
● Loss of trained
workers/employees
● Loss in productivity
● Damaged equipment
58. 59
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Rule 1210
- The Philippine Electrical Code is hereby adopted and
the standards contained therein shall be considered
safety standards to the extent that they safeguard any
person employed in any workplace and control the
practice of electrical engineering
- Electrical Safety
Rule 1211
59. 60
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Electricity
- is the most versatile form of energy. The flow of electrons in a conductor
light up our surroundings, move our equipment and run our appliances.
Electricity has made industries more productive and has made our lives
easier.
Trouble with Electricity
- failure to ensure a safe design, proper work procedures, proper
servicing and maintenance of equipment often result in bodily harm or
death, property damage or both.
60. 61
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Causes of Electrical Accidents
- Contact with live conductors
- Short circuiting
- Arcs and sparks
- Overloading
- Inadequate grounding
- Non-usage of standard replacement
- Wet environment
62. 63
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
1. Conductor - any material that
offers little resistance to flow
of an electric current.
Types of Material as to Electrical Resistance
2. Insulator - any material that is a
very poor conductor of electricity
and prevent current from taking
unwanted paths.
63. 64
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
- Typical points of entry are the
hands as they come in contact with
electric current. Sometimes,
through the head and shoulders.
How does current enter the body?
64. 65
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Effects of Electric Current in a Human Body
● At 0.4 ma or more - no sensation
● At 1.8 ma - a slight tingling sensation
● More than 3 ma - painful shock
● At 5 to 16 ma - safe “let-go” current but can cause secondary accident
● More than 16 ma - muscle contraction “no-let-go” danger (involuntary grip)
● At 30 ma to 50 ma - lung paralysis (usually temporary)
● More than 50 ma - possible ventricular fibrillation (no pulse and blood
pressure)
● At 100 ma or more - certain ventricular fibrillation, could be fatal.
65. 66
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Comparison of Resistance with Human Body
- Most metals > 0 to 50 ohms
- Wet wood 1,000 ohms
- Dry wood 100,000 ohms
- Rubber
100,000,000,000,000 ohms
- Human body (wet skin) 1000 ohms
- Human body (dry skin) 100,000 to 800,000 ohms
66. 67
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Electricity and Water
● The likelihood of being shock is greatly multiplied in damp
locations.
● People are excellent conductor
● Never use electrical equipment in damp or wet areas
● Do not spray water around any electrical source
67. 68
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Electrical Related Injury
● There are two categories:
• Primary Injuries – physical damage directly to the body
from the electrical current.
• Secondary Injuries – physical damage to the body resulting
from accidents caused by the shock.
68. 69
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Electrical Protection
- Proper Installation of Electrical Circuit
- Insulation
- Grounding - a conductive connection between electrical circuit or
equipment and earth or ground plane
- Fuse - tend to be quicker to interrupt the flow of power, but must be
replaced after they melt
69. 70
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Electrical Protection
- Circuit Breaker -can usually simply be reset, Provided to protect
EQUIPMENT not people
- Use of GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) - its main purpose is
to protect people from an electric shock caused when some of the
current travels through a person's body due to an electrical fault such
as a short circuit, insulation failure, or equipment malfunction. This
shuts off the electricity.
70. 71
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Electrical Protection
- Lock-Out / Tag-Out (LOTO) - The standard
for the control of hazardous energy sources
which covers maintenance of machines in
which the unexpected start up of machines or
release of stored energy could cause injury to
employees.
● Lock out device - utilizes a positive
means such as a lock to hold an energy
isolating device in the safe position and
prevents the energizing of a equipment.
● Tag out device - a warning device, such
as a tag and a means of attachment, the
equipment being controlled can not be
operated until the tag is removed.
71. 72
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Electrical Protection
- Regular Inspection and Maintenance - should be maintained to
prevent danger. The frequency of inspections and any necessary
testing will depend on the type of equipment,how often it is used,
and the environment in which it is used.
- Use of PPE and Complete Firefighting Equipment
72. 73
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
In Case of Electrical Accidents...
• Immediately turn off electrical power source
• Apply CPR if necessary
• Always use fire extinguisher in case of fire (CO2)
• Find help as quickly as possible
73.
74. 75
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
- Is the result of chemical combination
of combustible material (fuel) with
oxygen in the presence of enough
heat.
75. 76
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
4 Products of Combustion
● Fire gases - vaporized product of combustion
● Flame - visible luminous body of burning gases
● Heat - form of energy which is measured in degrees of temperature to
signify its intensity
● Smoke - consist of mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and
some carbon monoxide
76. 77
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Factors responsible for failure of persons
to escape from fire
❏ Inadequate number
❏ Improperly designed exits
❏ Wrong door swing
❏ Locked door
❏ Inadequately marked
❏ Blocked by furnishings or contents
❏ Person under restraint
77. 78
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Factors responsible for failure of persons
to escape from fire
❏ Blocked exits
❏ Injured or Killed
❏ No alarm (where it is required)
❏ Failed to sound the alarm
❏ FDAS failed
78. 79
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Factors responsible for failure of persons
to escape from fire
❏ A sudden, unreasoning, hysterical fear, often spreading quickly
❏ A highly emotional behavior, which is exited by the presence of
an immediate severe threat and which results in increasing the
danger for the self and for the others rather than reducing it.
79. 80
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Factors responsible for failure of persons
to escape from fire
❏ Too young
❏ Asleep
❏ Intoxicated or under the influence of liquor
❏ Bedridden or handicapped
❏ Failed to act properly
❏ Mentally ill
81. 82
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Common Human Failures
● Failure to detect a fire early
● Inability to use even the simplest fire
extinguisher
● Tendency to stick to normal routes in building
ignoring fire escapes
82. 83
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
How Destructive Fire Starts
- caused by the deliberate
and malicious intent of
disgruntled employees
- by socially undesirable
elements of the community
83. 84
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Tips on Fire Safety
1 Always be alert. When entering
a building, look up for nearest and
alternate route of fire exit.
2 Do not enter a burning building to
save belongings. Only the savings of life
justifies taking a personal risk.
3 Don’t panic. Rush for the main
exits. Keep out of the crowd and
attempt to find some other means
of escape. Above all, keep calm.
4 If forced to remain in a
smoked -filled building, stay
close to the floor.
5 Get behind any wooden door. It
will temporarily stop smoke and hot
gases. It may not burn through for
several minute.
92. 93
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Objectives
- Participants will be able to identify hazards with its
accompanying risks
- Participants will be able to recommend measures of
control
93. 94
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Workplace Hazards
1. Safety Hazards - are unsafe working conditions
that that can cause injury, illness, and death. Safety
hazards are the most common workplace hazards.
1. Health Hazards - something that has a potential to
cause illness.
94. 95
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Types of Hazards
1. Physical Hazard
● Noise
● Heat
● Radiation
● Vibration
● Extreme temperature
Health Effects
- Pain
- Numbness
- Tingling of hands
Potential Sources
- Buses
- Mining vehicles
- Construction vehicles
HEAT
•Acute
•Heat Stroke, Heat Syncope, Other heat illness
•Chronic
•Possible link to kidney, liver, heart , digestive
system, central nervous system & skin
problems
COLD
•Acute
•Hypothermia, frostbite, trench foot
•Chronic
•Respiratory and cardiovascular effects
95. 96
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Physical Hazard
Health Effects
- noise - induced hearing
loss
- Decrease work efficiency
Preventive Measures
- Periodic hearing test should
be carried out
- Wear hearing protective
device
96. 97
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Physical Hazards
● Extreme Temperature (Hot or Cold)
Heat- A form of thermal energy, which may come from body metabolism,
increased physical activities, radiation from hot objects or from the sun, and
byproducts of industrial processes.
Health Effects
- Heat cramps due to
excessive perspiration
- Abdominal pain, leg and
muscle cramps
- Heat stroke due to
exposure to environment
with high temperature
- Heat stroke leads to an increase of
body temperature and is potentially
fatal
- Heat exhaustion is a condition
whose symptoms may include heavy
sweating and a rapid pulse, a result
of your body overheating
97. 98
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Types of Hazards
2. Chemical Hazard
● Liquids such as acids, solvents especially if
they do not have a label
● Vapors and fumes
● Flammable materials
Routes to Exposure
➢ Ingestion
➢ Inhalation from fumes
➢ Absorption
➢ Poisoning
➢ Explosion
98. 99
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Ergonomic Hazards
● Incorrect posture, stagnant position
● Unnecessary, forceful and/or unusual lifting or reaching
● Repetitive actions
● Improper tools, workstation and equipment design
101. 102
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Tuberculosis
- It is the 6th leading cause of
illnesses and deaths in the
Philippines.
- TB bacteria usually attack the
lungs, but can also attack any
part of the body such as the
kidney, spine, brain, bones
and intestines.
- If not treated properly, TB
disease can be fatal.
102. 103
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Tuberculosis
Transmission
- Primarily an airborne disease.
- The bacteria are spread from
person to person in tiny
microscopic droplets or
aerosol when a TB sufferer
forces air from his/her lungs
when coughing, sneezing,
speaking, singing, or laughing.
103. 104
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Tuberculosis
Prevention and Management
- Personal hygiene & handwashing
- Eat a healthy, balanced diet
- Exercise regularly
- Get plenty of rest
- Wear a mask
- DOTS by the WHO and National TB Program (EO 187 s. 2003)
107. 108
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
May lead to AIDS
Acquired and not hereditary
Immune system is affected
Deficiency due to the collapse of the immune system
Syndrome referring to the group of symptoms that
characterize a disease
108. 109
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Body fluids known to transmit HIV :
❏ Blood
❏ Semen
❏ Vaginal/Cervical Secretions
❏ Breast Milk
❏ Rectal Fluids
❏ Pre-Seminal fluids
Note: HIV cannot be transmitted
through sweat, saliva or urine.
114. 115
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Prevention and Management
● Abstinence
● Be faithful
● Condom
● Detection
● Early Treatment
115. 116
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Hepatitis
- Hepatitis is an inflammation of the
liver.
- The condition can be self-limiting
or can progress to fibrosis
(scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer.
- Hepatitis viruses are the most
common cause of hepatitis in the
world but other infections, toxic
substances (e.g. alcohol, certain
drugs), and autoimmune diseases
can also cause hepatitis.
116. 117
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Hepatitis A
- one of the oldest diseases
known to humankind, is a very
infectious viral disease.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
- Ingestion of food contaminated
with human waste and urine of
persons who have Hepatitis A
117. 118
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Hepatitis A
Signs and Symptoms
- Fever
- Flu-like symptoms: weakness, muscle
and joint aches, loss of appetite,
dizziness
- With or without vomiting
- Tiredness or fatigue
- Abdominal discomfort (pain in the
liver area)
- Dark/brownish urine
- Jaundice
Symptoms usually develop between 2
and 6 weeks after infection.
118. 119
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Hepatitis A
Treatment
➢ There is no specific medicine to cure the patient or shorten the course
of illness.
➢ Sick persons should be isolated, advised to rest, take plenty of fluids,
and avoid fatty foods.
➢ Patients who fail to take fluids or are too weak to eat are sometimes
brought to hospital for intravenous administration of fluids and
vitamins.
119. 120
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
Hepatitis A
Prevention and Control
- Wash hands after using the toilet, before preparing food, and
before eating.
- Dispose human waste properly.
- Thoroughly cook oysters, clams, and other shellfish for 4
minutes or steam for 1 minute and 30 seconds.
- Practice safe handling and storage of food and water.
- Get Hepatitis A vaccine.
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Hepatitis B
- a viral disease which can be acute or chronic liver disease.
Chronic hepatitis B infection may lead to liver cancer.
Hepatitis B may also lead to the following complications:
- Chronic hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Liver failure
- Liver cancer
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Hepatitis B
May be spread through the following:
- From mother to child during birth
- Through blood transfusion
- Through sharing of unsterilized needles, knives, or razors
- Through sexual intercourse.
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Hepatitis B
TREATMENT: NONE
PREVENTION:
- Immunization of infants with 3 doses of Hepatitis B vaccine at
preferably using 0, 1, and 6 months regimen (at birth, 1 month old,
and at 6 months) or at birth, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks old.
- Hepatitis B immunoglobin is given in addition to the birth dose of
Hepatitis B vaccine to newborns delivered from mothers who are
known to Hepatitis B surface antigen reactive.
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Hepatitis B
Prevention:
- Use of safe/clean injection and equipments/supplies
- Vaccination of adults in high-risk settings such as healthcare workers
and those with multiple partners practicing unprotected sex such as
men having sex with other men and prostituted women
- Correct and consistent use of condoms
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Hepatitis C
- Most people who are infected with hepatitis C do not have any
symptoms for years. The virus stays in the liver and causes chronic
liver inflammation, cirrhosis, or liver cancer.
Mode of Transmission
- Usually spreads through contact with blood products, like accidentally
being stuck with a dirty (used) needle, using IV drugs and sharing
needles.
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Hepatitis C
Treatment
Medicines, such as interferon and ribavirin, do not cure hepatitis C, but
they do make people feel better and they may prevent future liver
problems
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Hepatitis C
Prevention
- Use a condom during sexual activity to protect yourself and your
partner from contracting Hepatitis C.
- Do not share injecting device/ paraphernalia with anyone.
- Wear gloves if you have to touch anyone’s blood.
- Do not use an infected person’s toothbrush, razor, or anything else that
could have blood on it.
- Make sure any tattooing or body piercing is done with clean tools.
- There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C.
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Tetanus
- also called lockjaw, is a serious
infection caused by Clostridium
tetani. This bacterium produces a
toxin that affects the brain and
nervous system, leading to stiffness
in the muscles.
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Tetanus
Prevention & Management
• Tetanus toxoid immunization
• Antibiotics prescribed by the
physician (penicillin or
tetracycline)
• Use proper PPE when risks
are present
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Application of Control Measures
If the hazard you've identified
can't be eliminated, follow the
hierarchy of controls to select
the next-best control to
mitigate the risk of an
accident, incident, injury, or
near-miss in the laboratory.
131.
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Objectives
- Participants will be able to know how to respond in
workplace emergencies
- Participants will be able to participate during conduct
of emergency drills
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Roles of OSH Personnel
1. Develop and implement safety policies for the company/establishment.
2. Inspect exterior and interior work areas to determine if there are any work hazards.
3. When a workplace accident occurs, a safety officer conducts an investigation to
determine why the accident happened. The officer may question witnesses, inspect
the accident scene and take pictures of any property damage.
4. Provide training on safety topics.
5. Must comply with the regulatory compliance published by OSHA.
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Chain of Command
•A chain of command should be established to minimize
confusion
–so that employees will have no doubt about who has
authority for making decisions.
–Responsible individuals should be selected to coordinate the
work of the emergency response team.
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Before an Earthquake
1. Familiarize yourself with the
location of fire extinguishers,
medical kits, exit routes and your
building’s evacuation plan
2. Prepare your survival kit (preferably
one in your house, car, and
workplace).
3. Participate in office and community
earthquake drills
4. Learn simple first aid techniques
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Fire Safety
- a science which includes procedures
for preventing, detecting and
extinguishing fires.
- it aims to protect employers,
employees and property to assure
the continuity of operation.
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Fire
Must know:
1. The Property Admin must educate all occupants on every emergency
procedures, exit locations, escape routes, fire alarms and drills, and the
use of fire extinguisher.
2. All employees must be aware of the building guidelines and know the
rules and procedures concerning fire emergencies.
3. Installation and proper maintenance of fire safety equipment must be
observed.
- Maintenance of fire extinguisher and fire hose
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Fire
Must know:
4. Conduct regular drills for awareness.
5. Know your emergency brigade team and your duties and
responsibilities
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Explosion
• Any workplace that handles, stores or processes flammable gasses,
liquids and solids is vulnerable to explosion. Explosions offer no
warning, causing disorganization and panic.
• Some "effects" of an explosion are loud noise and shock waves, which
can collapse walls and shatter windows.
• Searing heat, black clouds of smoke and balls of flame are other deadly
effects of an explosion.
• The term explosion is defined as an "effect" produced by a sudden
violent expansion of gases
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What to do during an explosion?
– Try to establish communication with
emergency scene coordinators.
– Assess damage to the workplace and
estimate human casualties.
– Administer first aid if it is safe to do so.
– Do not use elevators.
– Evacuate following an established
procedure.
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Hazardous Substance Release
• include solvents, pesticides, paints, adhesives, petroleum products
and heavy metals, any substance hazardous to health.
• What to do:
– Inform the emergency
scene commander.
– Evacuate the area
surrounding the release.
– Call the local emergency
number, tell location and
the nature of the
emergency.
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Medical
- The most likely workplace emergency is a medical emergency. A serious medical emergency
such as cardiac arrest requires immediate attention – response time is critical.
- Consider purchasing an automatic external defibrillator (AED) to treat victims in cardiac
arrest.
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Weather related event
– Wait for instructions from the emergency scene commander, a
power failure will slow communication.
– Tune a battery-powered radio to a station that broadcasts local
news.
– Do not evacuate the workplace unless ordered to do so.
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Threats of Violence
- Threats of violence may be delivered in any form: face-to-face, by fax,
email, phone or in writing. Threats can be directed toward the workplace or
toward a specific person.
• What to do
– Activate a silent alarm if your workplace has one.
– Isolate the threatening person if it is possible to do so safely.
– Inform the emergency scene commander.
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Bomb Threat
- Take threats seriously. Don't use
firearms or phones in the building-
they generate radio waves that
could trigger a bomb.
– If someone find a package that may
contain, or that may be a bomb, he
or she should note its size, shape and
whether it emits a sound, then notify
or report to Property Admin/SSD.
What to do:
152.
153. 154
Objectives
- Participants will be able to know the prescribed
administrative requirements and be able to express
commitment
- Participants will be able to know the accompanying
penalties in every OSH standards violation
FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
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Reportorial Requirements and Prescriptive Period of Submission
1. Rule 1020 (Registration of Establishment)
- Every employer shall register
his/her business with the
Regional Labor Office to
provide the DOLE with
information as guide in its
enforcement activities.
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155. 156
Reportorial Requirements and Prescriptive Period of Submission
2. Work Accident Illness Report (WAIR)
- all establishments are required to report
all work-related accidents and
occupational illness to the Regional
Labor Office or duly authorized
representative in duplicate and a copy
furnished the employee or his duly
authorized representative using the form
DOLE/BWC/OHSD-IP-6.
- WAIR must be submitted on or before
the 20th day of the month following the
date of occurrence of the accident or the
illness.
- Included in WAIR are those
accidents/illnesses that occur going to
and coming out from work. FOPM | CONFIDENTIAL
156. Reportorial Requirements and Prescriptive Period of Submission
3. AMR (Annual Medical Report)
- the employer reports its annual
OSH personnel and services,
health and safety programs and
its annual report about the
workplace illnesses and hazards.
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Mandatory OSH Programs
● Covered Workplaces shall develop and implement a suitable OSH Program in a
format prescribed by DOLE which shall be posted in a prominent places.
● For establishments, including franchises and branches, with less than ten workers
and low risk establishments with ten (10) to fifty (50) workers. The OSH program,
which shall be duly signed by the employer, must include at least the following:
1. Safety and health hazard identification, risk assessment and control (HIRAC)
2. Medical surveillance for early detection and management of occupational and
work related diseases, and
3. First aid and emergency medical services;
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● Promotion of the following health domains:
1. Drug-free workplace (RA 9165),
2. Mental health services in the workplace (RA 11036), and Healthy lifestyle;
● Prevention and control of the following health domains:
1.Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
2. Tuberculosis (EO 187-03) and
3. Hepatitis B (DOLE DA 05-2010)
● Safety and health promotion, training and education, including:
1. Orientation of all workers on OSH and
2. Conduct of risk assessment, evaluation and control
Mandatory OSH Programs
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● Provision and use of PPE, safety signage and provision of workers’ welfare facilities
● Conduct of toolbox or safety meetings and job safety analysis (if applicable)
● Accident/incident/illness investigation, recording and reporting
● Emergency and disaster preparedness and mandated drills
Mandatory OSH Programs
● Solid waste management system
● Control and management of hazards
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Penalties and Violations
- Any willful failure or refusal of an employer, contractor or subcontractor to comply
with the following OSH standards below or with a compliance order issued by the
Secretary of Labor and Employment or his/her authorized representative shall be
penalized of the administrative fines.
- An employer, contractor or subcontractor who is found to have repeatedly violated
the same prohibited act shall be penalized of the corresponding fine plus an
additional fine equivalent to fifty percent (50%) thereof for every instance of repeat
violation.
- When the violation exposes the worker to death, serious injury or serious illness, the
imposable penalty shall be one hundred thousand pesos (100,000).
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Penalties and Violations
- If any of the following acts is present and there is non-compliance, the penalty of one
hundred thousand pesos (100,000) administrative fine shall be imposed separate and in
addition to the daily administrative fine imposed.
1. Repeated obstruction, delay or refusal to access to covered workplace
2. Refusal to provide or allow access to relevant records and documents
3. Obstruct the conduct of investigation of any fact necessary in determining compliance
to OSH Standards
4. Misrepresentation of statement, record, report submitted to DOLE to be false in any
material aspect
5. Making retaliatory measures such as termination of employment, refusal to pay,
reducing wages and benefits, in any manner of discriminates against any worker
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Penalties and Violations
“The fine collected shall be used for the operation of
occupational safety and health initiatives, including
occupational safety and health training and education and
other occupational safety and health program”
Legal - On the legal side, employers have to provide a healthy and safe environment to the employees. If you fail to do so then you can be booked and charged with negligence.
Economic - With unhealthy employees comes low productivity which can hamper your deadlines and hence profit.
Moral - A healthy mindset while reaching and leaving home boosts the morale of the company, worker as well as the family.
every one of any given set of workers has an equal chance of being involved in an accident.
