Origin of Spaces - Research Source Book (print) - innovative practices for sustainable multidisciplinary clusters fostering social entrepreneurship. An action-research project on innovative sustainable practices, funded by the European Union Erasmus+

The Origin of the Spaces Project is
co-funded with support from the EU’s
Erasmus+ LifeLong Learning Fund.

This project has been funded with support
from the European Commission.
This publication [communication] reﬂects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be
made of the information contained therein.

Origin of Spaces - research
innovative practices for sustainable
multidisciplinary clusters

1.0 Introduction
Organisations from five European countries have joined forces on a three year journey
to share existing know-how and explore new practices related to coworking ecosystems.
However, as with every journey, the project began with a period of reflection and
preparation, an opportunity to learn new work languages, structures and methods:
“Where have we come from?”, “Where are we going?”, “What should be taken forward?”
In addition there were specific questions and discussions on the meanings behind our
coworking ecosystems themes, namely multidisciplinary coworking, local partnerships,
ecological transition, participatory governance and social entrepreneurship.
This report provides the history of our preparation for constructing a coworking toolbox.
It focuses on the wealth of local background material unearthed by the partners and,
by identifying the most relevant points, helps explain how the map to guide our journey
began to take shape.
The information you are about to discover will help explain why we believe that coworking
and the creation of multidisciplinary creative clusters (also known as ecosystems
or the Third Place) provide an innovative approach for European entrepreneurs and
professionals to work collaboratively through improved communication and networking, in
order to create new economic opportunities and benefit society.
Inspired by the Origin of the Spaces WordCloud – Paul Chapman 30/07/15
TheOriginofSpaces
EUproject

INDEX
2. Projet Outline
3. Theme introductions
3.1. Multidisciplinary Coworking
3.2. Local Partnerships
3.3. Ecological Transition
3.4. Participatory Governance
3.5. Social Entrepreneurship
4. Research outcomes

2 Project Outline
Extract from the original project proposal
Urbanisation is a continuous process for almost all European cities. The production
process is frustrated with three major factors that have to be integrated: adapting to
an accelerated demography, limiting the environmental impact and dealing with the
depletion of resources. A critical match making of immediate investment possibilities
in existing physical and socio-economical structures is an adaptive and complementary
approach.
Since the current socio-economic crisis might be more than a temporary situation,
innovative, positive action must be taken now to address this and create new solutions.
Most european cities are impacted by the continuous processes of urbanisation and the
impacts that this involves, both positive and negative. Running a business within this
environment brings its own additional concerns. We need to act responsibly to:
1) Create positive working and living conditions for those who help improve society and
the local and wider community (adapting to a continually changing demographic client
base)
2) Look at innovating and developing new methods and approaches to using recycled
materials, techniques and the skills of people that have a high environmental sensibility
(Limiting the environmental impact of running a business)
3) To create the best places imaginable with the lowest impacts on the environment
and manageable cost to do it (Learning to cope with the depletion of resources in a
competitive marketplace)
We must utilise the opportunities available now, to re-use existing buildings and re-
imagine them to accommodate promising start-ups who will contribute to the inevitable
societal change at hand, whilst working closely with short and long term urban planning
schemes. It is therefore critical that any interventions in this area, particularly in the
provision of physical business space, is able to be both adaptive and complimentary. In
our developed society there are a methods, sensibilities and habits than need support
to be changed, to re-establish a more balanced and measured way of life. Ultimately the
inevitable ecological transition that is taking place is perhaps the only hard argument to
kick start change.

We believe that sustainable multidisciplinary clusters and their orientation towards
ecological transition, are one important approach for a responsible answer to the present
needs of our society. In our experience, sustainable multidisciplinary clusters are, and
could be innovation labs, incubators of new ways of working, living and acting for the co-
creation of sustainable communities. They are cross-cultural and multi-disciplinary in
nature, enriching in their very attitudes around working together, innovation and problem
solving. They are safe spaces for the testing out of ideas and methods but within a
supportive framework and environment. They are a fertile ground for the nurturing of
innovation in society, as they are in themselves models of social innovation. Therefore,
the main aim of this project is to work in partnership for the exchange of knowledge
and skills, development and implementation of innovative practices in the field of
development, creation and management of sustainable multidisciplinary clusters.
General objective:
- fostering active citizenship & social entrepreneurship in terms of sustainable
development
- exchange of best practices that improve employability, inclusion, creativity and learning
through a participative approach
- to recognise possibilities and meet the challenges of co-creation, co-management,
co-working, co-operation, co-living, co-intelligence and community gardens in urban
sustainable and multidisciplinary clusters
Specific objectives:
During the project period different creative methods and approaches, including new
research and an on line Tool Box, will be made to present innovative models in the
following 4 project scopes:
1. Ecological know-how
2. Participatory governance
3. Multidisciplinary co-working
4. Local partnership management
5. Social entrepreneurship skills
Following our five key areas, our objectives are to improve and meet the needs for
social and economical sustainability in management and development of activities in
sustainable multidisciplinary clusters:
a) Able to be for profit: economic sustainability
b) Able to be for benefit: for society and for the environment
c) Able to accept wide intergenerational scope of users
d) Able to improve employability and creation of new jobs that respond to the needs of
society
e) Able to provide opportunities for different ways of life long learning
We want to improve and share our knowledge and skills for the benefit of our local and
wider communities, so that we can learn, adapt and grow together, ultimately sharing
solutions for our current ecological, economical and social challenges. Concrete results of
this project are our intellectual outputs and the development of the The Origin of Spaces
Toolbox as an outward facing learning platform to share our knowledge, methods, ideas
and skills with others.

LxFactory, a “factory of ideas and creativity”, is a private endeavour located in Alcantara
Lisboa, owned by MainSide, a foresighted property developer specialised in (re)use and
revitalisation. Transformed from a factory into a new space, where heritage lives alongside
tech and creative start-ups, LxFactory has 25000 square metres, holds 200 companies,
employing 1000 people and 100 coworkers, in multiple sectors ranging from culture,
design, fashion and advertising to trade, technology and commerce, etc.
However LxFactory is more than just joined up organisations and individual independent
workers sharing space and collaborating, it is a community of projects, ideas, coworkers
and visitors, within that space.
Accordingly, LxFactory’s strategy is deliberately ﬂexible. Dedicated project analysis
enabling autonomy and self-organisation, allowing each project to adapt and manage the
space to suit its speciﬁc concepts, are key elements. This provides a unique environment
accommodating a wide range of needs and attracting many promising and talented
projects, Ler Devagar, CoworkLisboa, Cantina, Wool, etc., which have become icons of a
strong local grass-roots culture.
Events such as the OPEN DAYS (Sunday’s LxMarket street market for handicraft, second
hand and vintage), conferences such as OFFF, IGNITE, and numerous seminars, fashion
exhibitions, music concerts and book launches etc., attract visitors and future projects
whilst promoting networking and collaboration, and the international name of LxFactory.

ZAWP is a compelling story about the impact of planning in the public and private
management of the urban wilderness of Bilbao. It is a train driver’s dream that has
brought together a core of nine people interested in change and local impact, by
regenerating former industrial spaces and thus creating opportunities for cultural life.
Different synergies in Zorrotzaurre and La Ribera de Deusto have framed the current
local partnerships and the public management of industrial heritage.
As the urban plan advanced, ZAWP mutated locally, turning ZAWP into an atemporal
form; from situated action to a modus operandi. This both changed and enabled a team
of people and formulas to take action, whilst forging an urban transformation process.
Art, music and business came together to revitalise an area that had long been forgotten
yet which seems to be a treasure island for the future of Bilbao; the place to be active
and creative within the city’s landscape.
Economical sustainability and livelihoods are the challenge. Challenging local partnerships,
collaborations beyond international boundaries, learning from activities which both succeed
and fail. Private, public and isolated entrepreneur management are taken into account in
order to regenerate the neighbourhood. Share your practice with us!

Darwin-Ecosystem in Bordeaux France, created in 2012, has the objective to practice a
new way of working. The tenants’ association “Les Darwiniens”, as initiator, coordinator
and partner of ‘The Origin of Spaces’, envisions sharing its collection of experiences on
ecological transition, and its potential for creating a cohesive and resilient ecosystem.
Among the various shared values in Darwin’s work, culture and leisure community, the
objective of ecological transition is the most emblematic, and one that has attracted
many committed members. However not every hub project has the same scale or
means. Displaying ecological transition values is one thing, but implementing them is
quite another. Can sharing a printer, separating waste, certiﬁed eco-renovation, even the
online monitoring of resource consumption, as alternative eco-practices, be implemented
at scale?
Following 12 months of internal and external consultation, sessions with 12 pivotal
initiators, and 30 representatives of eco-business and other sectors commenting on
the project themes, Darwin’s ecological transition grew from a popular message to a
measured mind-and-action-set.
When asking ourselves how to create a Third Place that could change environmental
habits on a daily basis, and wondering how to enrol peers to engage in new responsible
ways of managing hybrid sites, the experiences of Darwin-Ecosystem provide valuable
practical insights.

Imagine a huge military building of 16,739 square meters with endless, gloomy hallways
where, historically, militants, ofﬁcers and war refugees lived and worked. The building
was named after Second World War hero Karlo Rojc but abandoned in the late 1990’s.
Due to the simple fact that no one switched off the electricity and water supply, different
artists, activists and associations began to occupy the building, thereby inhaling and
inspiring new creative energies.
Today, the Community Centre Rojc is a particular “place of civil society,” an alternative
urban culture centre situated in a small town called Pula, Croatia, in the north of the
Mediterranean southern Europe. Rojc hosts 111 associations with very different activities:
culture and art, sport and recreation, children and youth, ethnic minorities, psycho-social
work, etc.
Together with the City of Pula, which is the legal owner of the building, mentioned
associations are managing the Center on the basis of the public-citizen participation
model in order to develop more productive forms of co-existence, co-management
and co-production. Associations networking, intensive communication and innovative
approach in joint decision-making encourages them to create dynamic, hybrid
organisational and management model that will be even more effective and professional.
Values of this participatory governance model are strengthening participative democracy,
good governance and trust building.

Being a social entrepreneur is hard to define as there is no precise global definition,
although there is a lot of history in the UK, where the School for Social Entrepreneurs
(SSE) was founded by Michael Young in 1997.
The term was first used in the literature of social change during the 1960’s and 1970’s.
It means taking entrepreneurial methods including risk taking, learning from mistakes,
self-confidence, determination, the ability to adapt and above all a passion for solving
problems, then using them to solve social problems. These key traits are used to create
businesses that measure performance not in terms of profit and return, but in creating
businesses that measure their success by their positive impact on society.
Much social entrepreneurship developed in response to Strategic Regeneration. In
Deptford London, post-1992, there was a local response built around cultural and
ecological activists in Deptford Creekside where many abandoned industrial sites and
offices were taken over by artists, and even the SSE. One such cultural response was
Capture Arts who act as cultural brokers and have acted in pop-up spaces allowing
social and cultural entrepreneurs to operate. Despite much intermittent local practice, no
strategic approach to developing spaces for social entrepreneurs has emerged.

MULTIDISCIPLINARY (CO)WORKING
led by LX Factory, Lisbon, Portugal
coordination : Filipa Baptista, Carlos Alcobia, Manuel Laranja

DRAFT v 3.0 Work in Progress
As requested ….
DEFINITION

PLACE PROFILE
Location: Alcântara
IN EACH INTERVIEW

Fernando Mendes – CoworkLisboa
Convictions

José Pinho – Ler Devagar
Convictions

Kiss the Cook
Convictions
idea.
Intentions
Action

ADDITIONS
Q1 Legal, Financial Business

Filipa Baptista
Research manager and coordinator for OOS, project
coordinator at Mainside Investments SGPS Real Estate,
professionally active as an architect for 12 years in Portugal
and in the Netherlands, then served lunch to her current
employer in an Indian restaurant, who was impressed with
her skills and hired her. She has been working there for
almost 10 years now.
Manuel Laranja
Research researcher for OOS, Senior Associated Professor
of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policies at the Lisboa
School of Economics, has a PhD on Technology and
Innovation Policy, an MBA, and a degree in engineering,
worked for the Secretary of State of Economic Affairs and
the Prime Ministers’ Ofﬁce on Technology and Innovation,
was a consultant for the EU, currently co-chair of the
University of Lisboa “Network for Entrepreneurship and
Knowledge Transfer”, and much much more.
Carlos Alcobia
Research researcher for OOS, currently a Doctoral
candidate in Design at the Universidade de Lisboa and
a junior researcher at the Artistic Studies Research
Center (CIEBA), focused on the contributions of design
capabilities as strategic resources for organizations, has an
MA in Curatorial Studies and a BA in Economics, founder
of a rural makerspace ‘Buinho’, passionate about design of
co-creative environments.

LOCAL PARTNERSHIPS
led by Cultural Centre ZAWP, Bilbao, Spain
coordination :
Ane San Miguel Crespo, Ruth Mayoral López,
Ziortza Etxabe Ugarte

DEFINITION OF LOCAL PARTNERSHIPS
Setting down a common ground of meaning
1. LOCAL PARTNERSHIP
1.1 A global definition LOCAL PARTNERSHIP
An arrangement in the local context involving members of the public, private, community
and voluntary sector organisations, which allocate funding and address various problems
affecting local services and communities, as well as strategies and initiatives to solve
them.
1.2. From ZAWP perspective, Local partnerships are meant to match local authority
boundaries, with the needs of the social context (1) where things happen and support
regeneration (2), improve public services (3) and tackle issues of greatest (6) concern to
the inhabitants of zorrozaurre / ribera de deusto (4) during the urbanistic meanwhile (5).
Social context (1) is the indirect and direct influence individuals are in constant
communication and within involvement of by means as role player or participants. Also
known as social environment, means the immediate physical setting in which people
were/are raised, including the culture they were/are raised in and the groups they interact
with.
Regeneration (2) is the renewal through the internal processes of an existing organization
based in the area or the change of an existing area or infrastructure from the life
happening in each self. The renewal might be triggered by local or external inputs.
Improve public services (3) based in the local context, we meant to achieve the needs for
the inhabitants as:
A more fluent connection with the different neighbourhoods of the city.
F.e.: Bus lines, more often, from the city center to the neighbourhood.
Include the neighbourhood in to the: City services maps (Cycling routes of the city,
Commercial routes, Touristic routes, Artistic routes,... Etc)
Zorrozaurre / Ribera de deusto (4) 43.267369, 2.960632
400 inhabitants approx., + 1000 professionals approx., and 2000 users (during weekend
events)

Meanwhile (5) the Time frame that will take for the Zaha Hadid master plan to come true
Greatest (6) Story line of priority of things to start taking action from
2. SUSTAINABLE LOCAL PARTNERSHIP
A sustainable local partnership, will be the local arrangement that ensures the health
and vitality of human life and culture and of nature´s capital for present and future
generations.
Bibliography for inspiration:
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1. “Local enterprise partnership From
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Enterprise_Partnership
2. “A Sustainable Society: What is it? How do we get there? Stephen Viederman“
http://www.georgewright.org/104viederman.pdf
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

SUCCESS STORY / KEY FACTS
CASE TO LEARN FROM PRACTICE LOCAL PARTNERSHIP
Turning meaningful data in toolbox Facts
Methodology
FACTS
CONVICTIONS: Enable the new artists to bridge the gap between the established theater
scene and the underground scene
INTENTIONS: A collaborative place to make things happen
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS: They used the space for personal rehearsals and performances. In an
individual way instead of having an collaborative working ﬂow.
IMPACTS : They decided to gather artist and play productions in residence for a length
of time. A month to make the integral process of creation, development and put in

to the organization to split the costs and beneﬁts from the productions that the Crew
was developing. He made business out of it and left the crew in an unsolid situation.
Interlocution between the public and the private (Active collaboration with institutions and
companies)
CONVICTIONS: If we can facilitate and help the regeneration of Zorrozaurre lets make it
happen
INTENTIONS: Lets connect everybody and make the empty buildings come alive
COMMUNICATIONS: ZAWP we will use art to regenerate the neighbourhood
ACTIONS: Be a reference person (MANU) for institutions to talk to after the development
of the Haceria Arteak activities through the years
IMPACTS: Manu is an individual that lots of people know, but the neighbourhood
has had more activities during the years. And they have been some tensions towards
ahy institutions only talk to ZAWP. Laziness, a lack of neighbourhood organization,
underground artist with no associations to support their activities and hold the minimum
framework for cultural institutional production?
CONVICTIONS: Empty spaces, with no use
INTENTIONS: Allowing possibilities to bring life
COMMUNICATIONS: talk to landowners an arrange possible point of engagement, and
set some common understanding.
help them succeed in their entrepreneurial adventure.
IMPACTS: Monster. Is not a visible action, the ﬂow of money and is a story to be shared.
Festivals to create references. “Zona Franca”
CONVICTIONS: How can we shake and improve awareness toward the life that happens
here.
INTENTIONS:
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS:
IMPACTS:

CONVICTIONS:
INTENTIONS:
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS:
IMPACTS: Memory
CONVICTIONS:
INTENTIONS:
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS: Interviews and old photographs.
IMPACTS: Audiovisual archive of neighbors and companies of La Ribera de Deusto and
Zorrotzaurre. Social and economic revitalization of the area.
CONVICTIONS: 7,600 m2 recovery of industrial land.
INTENTIONS: increase activity of industrial ateliers with artists improve infrastructure in
the neighborhood.
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS: more than 500 activities every year.
IMPACTS: 25.307 people came to ZAWP activities in 2014, 9577 people more than in
2013. 1.316 children. Mikro economy enriching. Increased consumption in bars in the
neighborhood. Identity ﬂows
CONVICTIONS: make things happen
COMMUNICATIONS: not clear enough
ACTIONS: too many and too diverse
METHODOLOGY / TOOLBOX
CONVICTIONS: ¿If we would have all the budget for a great cultural production how
much would you charge for your work?

INTENTIONS: If we develop culture in precarity of resources and economic conditions
that don’t allow people to earn a living out of it. Lets take into account the economical
value that should have our work.
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS: Take into account how much a production will cost and from the total split the
the revenue that we ideally had had to earn from our work in ideal conditions.
Licenses.
CONVICTIONS: make the documents public for other to use
INTENTIONS:
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS:
Identity for Urban regeneration.
forms has a cultural organization need to work with the public institutions or with the
nstitutions that are a reference to nurture culture for the public?
INTENTIONS: We need to work as much as we can to enable the revitalization.
COMMUNICATIONS: Mosnter case. ¿Everything works?
ACTIONS: haceria arteak / / / /
IMPACTS: Monster case and need to explain the development of the organization to
humanize the organization.
NOTE:
¿Who is who and who has been used in the ZAWP development? “Associations,
company and foundation in a transition to a cluster”. Haceria Arteak is a nonproﬁt cultural
association emerged in Bilbao, in February 1997. The association was created with a crew
of 10 fellows with the aim to bridge the gap between professional theater showrooms
and the alternative theater and dance space for emerging artists. For the shows and the
rehearsals the crew takes an industrial space and devote it to artistic creation. Where?
In a port and postindustrial at La Ribera de Deusto. This space takes its name hACERIA
aretoa. Haceria understanded as a place to make, from the names literal translation that
means to do “Hacer”.

After the first year, some personal profit interest and changes and successe of the
emerging artist the crew modifies the daily activities as a collective and Manu becomes
the president in fucktion. Dealing with theatre, art and cultural production from the
public, private and nonprofit organizations. Enabling actions in the city landscapes and
the year towards the Haceria Arteak space and crew.
For big productions, Manu and Haceria arteak fellows asked help and support to family
and friends. Some of them working as a volunteers.* Years later, in 2008, the association
puts the first seed of Zorrotzaurre Art Work in Progress, better known as ZAWP, in
the context of the neighbourhood in which it operates from its origins. And Splits his
arts.
2. And use his team and the ZAWP idea to take action in the urban transformation and
enable Zorrotzaurre as a location of possibilities in which “hACERIA Arteak” plays a
role as legal identity. ZAWP starts to provide a different look, instead of being a passive
witness for the local transformation. The volunteers, family and friends formed a working
team
CONVICTIONS: Learning by doing
INTENTIONS: make things happen, how to articulate a multidisciplinary cluster
COMMUNICATIONS: Internal communication tool that is shared with the team members
for production
ACTIONS: methodology implementation
environment to enable things to happen. Form logistical perspective and learning by
doing. Agreements
CONVICTIONS:
INTENTIONS:
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS:

CONVICTIONS:
INTENTIONS:
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS:
CONVICTIONS: Youth employment and support for social entrepreneurship
INTENTIONS:
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS:
IMPACTS: Local referent model
CONVICTIONS:
INTENTIONS: Support the creation, research and entrepreneurship, as well as new forms
of transformation.
COMMUNICATIONS: Guided tours, also meeting Bilbao International and Universities,
more than 1,300 people a year.
ACTIONS: Involvement, care and support of the fragility of this sector of creative
economy in its emerging phase.
IMPACTS: Development model visited by institutions and organizations around the world.

CASE STUDY / OUR VISION & MISSION
Research approach and digging
“How an Urban master plan can brake and unite a local community and frame the
relationships in the socio economic context.”
This is a compelling story about the impact of the urban plan in the public and private
management of the meanwhile. The Different synergies in Zorrozaurre and La Ribera
de Deusto has framed the nowadays local partnerships. In Short, during the years as the
urban plan advanced, ZAWP mutated his initial identity based in the Local <Zorrozaurre
to Zone>. Turning ZAWP in an atemporal form, from a located action to a modus
operandi. Changing and enabling a team of people and formulas to take action in
different meanwhiles that are suffering urban transformation process.
TIMELINE
Conviction: What do we believe in, what’s ZAWP ethos? What drives us?
Revitalization of the area. “ZONE” Advocate for the importance of culture and creativity
for regeneration of an area.
ZAWP stands for Zorrotzaurre Art Work in Progress, a movement that was created in
2008 to address the newlyapproved urban development plan for the neighborhoods of
Ribera de Deusto and Zorrotzaurre. In order to revitalize the area from from its previous

industrial history, we are working to change the landscape of the peninsula through
culture and creativity, and encouraging people to see what the area has to offer.
Intention: What do we want to achieve/do?
ZAWP Bilbao aims to be, in this process of urban transformation, the artistic, innovative
and creative gaze. An exercise of reflection and interpretation which, in turn, works on
economic and social regeneration of a degraded industrial area, through the creation of
opportunities based on culture and innovation.
To encourage experimentation, production and investigation in different areas of creation
and to contribute to the promotion of the creators and an international movement of
in the area that could enrich and add value to it through a flexible, multidisciplinary
For that we would want to achieve: Facilitate artist to work in their field, connect people
and make a social impact with culture.
The organization’s growth and expansion should enable to employ more people and
local regeneration but make profit from the skills that has been developed during the
years allowing the organization to be more self sustainable and receive less public grants.
Communication: How do we tell our story?
The organization has most of each content open in the web, but as the activity that
ZAWP has develop during the years is been diverse, the web manages to be a place to
discover. For instance, we are trying to address some general messages that we think
has been develop and shared among our less friendly retractors. And we have identified
them as The “Monster” workout. Cornerstones to build from like:
1. Everything works for ZAWP!
The fact that within the buildings and activities that ZAWP has been trying to revitalize,
the collaborations and subrents that happened, Brought together a big
range of divers partnerships and typology of events.
2. They don´t do nothing “tangible” !

ZAWP is the only organization in the peninsula that his main purpose of existing is to
revitalize. the rest of the organizations has a business activity that collaterally brings life
to the area. There for ZAWP facilitates spaces, infrastructures, enables conversations,
gathers people,... but they are not known for a unique thing, they are divers and the
manage spaces for making things happen.
3. They have a lot of public money and they waste it!
The rehabilitation of pavilions was possible because of the collaboration between the
Basque government and the city council. The Government gave the grant to the council
who invested the money in the rehabilitations. Zawp never receive that big grant.
A real example that has raised some public awareness in the case of “Papelera”. A
building that was mapped and supported by the ZAWP crew and the Basque Association
of Industrial Heritage and Public Works (AVPIOP). This building was qualiﬁed as public
facility and got included in the Special Plan Zorrotzaurre, adopted on November 29,
2012. The Basque Government’s Culture Department decided to rehabilitate the space,
through the “Creation Factory’s Program” and under an interagency agreement with
Ekintza Bilbao (Bilbao City Hall) who carried out the work though a public competition.
During this period (20112013),
ZAWP has invested money in the rent, insurance, electricity, time and human resources.
The team developed a cultural content proposal for the future communal building in
the peninsula “Papelera”. In 2015, Bilbao’s City Hall, published in newspapers that they
were going to manage this space without clarifying how and which are the content
propositions that are going to be held.
ZAWP manage to make an impact and save an heritage building but for now is uncertain
the achievement of the second goal. the fact that the space is going to be for the
4. Zawp is a brand! Who is ZAWP?
Althow there is an ofﬁce space with a team of 8 people, the diversity of activity and
the multiplicity of the volunteers, working team, collaborators etc. Has created a lack of
human representation when talking about ZAWP. We have to Humanize the people and
add the value within the community and communication. Probably, the fact that ZAWP
image of ZAWP as not clear and broad entity.

5. All workers are family!
There are 3 people that are related. 3 of them had been since 1997 engaged with the
In the other hand we have Manu, a dreamer that has been a sponsor for all the activities.
He is been working for free all the years to enable his cultural and multidisciplinary art
Manifest:
strong public vocation.
locally in our immediate surroundings and in our community.
and decentralized visions.
into practice as a citizens’ movement, open not only to those in the cultural and creative
sector, but to all members of society.
well aware that, in reality, our true situation, with respect to other agents, is one of
interdependence, given the highly pluralistic, diverse, and complex surroundings in
which we operate. In any case, this independence must be understood as freedom and,
in particular, as autonomy to exercise our rights and make decisions without outside
intervention.
stimulates the generation of ideas and initiatives. We are a laboratory for research, artistic
creation and production, as well as a platform for collective learning and social innovation.
ecosystem that allows not only a place to work, but also to live.
that reduces economic dependence on other agents and the assumption of an
economic logic and mixed financing that meets principles of redistribution (public and
private grants and investments), reciprocity (volunteering, in kind exchanges, etc.) and
selffinancing through profitable market initiatives. However, none of these principles

economic and social regeneration of a degraded industrial area through the creation of
opportunities based on culture and creativity and paves the way for other companies and
initiatives to enter the area as well.
and innovation as a central focus and is promoted by the association itself or through
practical support initiatives working in the same direction. For us, striving in this direction
from social and cultural perspectives. The pursuit of knowledge, change, solution … the
forefront.
What we have done so far / Work lines / Impact?
Promote creation through urban transformation:
collaborative and transversal work.
connections.
Promote the conservation, historical enhancement, and development of La Ribera:
recognizing the peninsula’s industrial and port heritage and transformation, and
witnessing the changes of La Ribera over time.
Work towards local revitalization:
neighborhood through the creation of economic, social, and urban regeneration
opportunities.

Prototyping a model of urban transit “Zone Art Work in Progress”:
macro, placing value on the “meanwhile” and processes needed to be articulated.
Other aims and objectives
The main goals of ZAWP are to test and experiment new creative styles, instruments and
infrastructure in a lab environment as Ribera de Deusto / Zorrozaurre by:
creative industries and their relevance.
New collaboration approaches: Testing concepts and process schemes for new
collaboration approaches between creatives.
and process schemes for new collaboration approaches between creatives and traditional
industries.
Managing creativity and creative Teams: Designing and validating training concepts
and coaching process schemes for creatives that are tailored to innovation processes in
creative industries.
much larger uncertainties in the production and distribution than companies in other
industries. Also, the number of small businesses and startups is above average. Thus
sustainable networks play a more important.role. Cluster management tools, that engage
effectively in this particular ecosystem, are still scarce. We will help to close this gap with
our ZawpLab
Activities
To address the lack of methods and tools for innovative practice in creative industries,
ZAWP support managements, especially in knowledge intensive sectors by helping them
to improve their daily work. This will allow organisations to offer better services in their
region. To this end, ZAWP will:

Expected outcomes and impacts
for support to creative industries and instruments and tool boxes for creative cluster
management.
Precisely and focused in four strategic lines ZAWP:
Creation:
Revitalization:
spaces, galleries, cinema and shops selling artist and community made products
Memory:
Prototype:
entrepreneurship
WORKING FOR A SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBOURHOOD THROUGH ZAWP
Take actions to:
How:

Note:
Is extremely inspiring to see the sense of community, encouraging the love and passion
that we all share for our neighbourhood. Fostering community spirit in our
environmental education and showcase local environmental organisations of the city.
For example:
bicycle instead of an electric blender.
generally improve the appearance of the area.
sales for local creatives and businesses: f.e. Sustainable Scarecrows
about ZAWP and our action plan, encourage neighbours and citizens to meet each other,
and to highlight natural and cultural treasures of the area.
The mural celebrates:
acknowledge that it reﬂects their neighbourhood on an environmental,

cultural and social level.
Weeds, Water Saving Tips, Energy Saving Tips, Energy efficient appliances, Rethink and
Reuse, Recycle, Sustainable Food)
ZAWP Free Zone meeting, creation and exhibition space where the visitor can
other initiatives and creations.
and production residencies.
experimentation and thinking through new media.
analyzing new languages for interactive communication and the impact of technologies.
I. ROLE IN COLLABORATIONS
Businesses are under increasing pressure to improve the sustainability of their practices.
Among business leaders, there is also a growing awareness that sustainable practices
such as futureproofing a supply chain, increasing efficiency or improving public image,
can be good for business.
The logic of competition dictates that businesses should solve problems alone. Yet
many experts say the opposite: structured collaboration can be an effective method for
developing and implementing solutions to complex sustainability challenges.

Collaborative efforts within the corporate (forproﬁt) sector may occur within organisations,
groups and teams that span organisational boundaries,such as supply chain partnerships
and strategic alliances with other corporate entities.
Solutions are often generated by sharing knowledge, and learning how sustainability
challenges have been met by others. ZAWP, an exhibition and event space, wants to
create a space for this to happen. Its mix of conferences, events and exhibitions are
designed to showcase different solutions and inspire organisations to further their own
sustainability.
ZAWP is proud to have a niche sustainable event space/neighbourhood. True
sustainability cannot be achieved in isolation. If we look at any company process, whether
it is supply chain or operation, there are almost always multiple stakeholders. While they
may all have a sustainability focus, their speciﬁc goals could be drastically different.
II. REHABILITATION, EXAMPLES, STORIES
III. MEASURE THE IMPACT OF OUR WORK
IV. FAMILY TREE VS ORGANOGRAM OF PARTNERS
V. VISIBILITY OF WHERE IS THE MONEY
VI. UNIQUE SELLING PROPOSITION

PEOPLE & ORGANIZATIONAL FLOW ZAWP &
ZORROZAURRE / RIBERA DE DEUSTO
Organogram of partners
Human ecosystem 2015 / Organizational ecosystem
Human ecosystem 2013-2014 / Organizational ecosystem

PEOPLE PROFILE
Humanize the ZAWP evolution
Who we should interview?
Typology of people and deﬁnition
Team
work, management of grands and invoicing / Logistical management / Communication /
Management / President
Investor
Partner Projects
Institutions
University and professional school
Companies (SME)
Organizations and collectives
Local Associative movements
Individual collaborators: People that has engaged with ZAWP
Makers: ZAWPer in residence
Shareholders & members:
Volunteers:
*Deﬁnitions from each tag my be useful for other partners

PEOPLE PROFILE / NETWORK
Names , surnames + WEB / Links
Initiator:
Vision:
Ruth Mayoral López
Finance:
Property:
Neighbours:
Estibalitz Nabarro
Eneko
Izaskun Bezold
Miguel Iriondo
Izaskun
Luis Fernandez
Yolanda Veiga
Libe Irisarri
Iban Gomez
Naroa Gaitza
Egoitz Ezenarro
Maritxu Agirre
Eneritz Duñabeitia
Camila Bertolone
Local Community:
Maite Gastañaga
Iñaki
Imanol Lara
Txus Gonzalez
Ziortza Etxabe
Txoko IbaiAurre
Partners:
Elisa Belmonte
Collaborators:
Lara Temiño
Stakeholders:
Tania Diez
Aritza Castillo
Makers:
Tania Diez
Aritza Castillo
Ruth Mayoral
Miriam Ramirez

PEOPLE PROFILE
WHO:
Manuel Jesús GómezÁlvarez
Ekintzaile / Promotor /
Initiator, Ideia sortzailea, ideador conceptual /
Vision creator, Diru (laguntza,
gestio…Economicamente /
Finance related, Egileak / Hacedor / Maker
What does he/she do?
ecosystem.
Nowadays?
President of red Trans Iberica
President hAceria arteak ( 1997present)
CEO and unique administrator at Isifuera (2011present)
Director hAceria arteak (19972014)
18 years
“I+D+i
Descubrir nichos de negocio
Enfocar la mirada de la creación hacia entro tecnológicos.”
During the time line of ZAWP:
Founder of hACERIA arteak / artist /
His/Her local deﬁnition of local partnership:
y canalizarla, tanto en el fondo como en la forma. Un camino por hacer. Faltan las

CONVICTIONS:
To see his dreams come true. How something that he has imagine while driving trains
can get shaped in actions. Todas. Pero falta la Biblia. Creer para crecer, pero el alimento
trocear el elefante.
INTENTIONS:
1997 /2015... Calcular... 18 años dan para mucho... muchas colaboraciones, exitosas en
diferentes contextos. También fracasos, malos entendidos... quisimos pero no supimos...
fallidos. Pero intentos!! y seguimos pero debiéramos intentar después de negociar el
marco de colaboración. Que, por que. para que.... Permanente la comunicación via redes
la comunicación, como puede ser OOS.
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS:
Facilitator of economic conditions to build from. ¿? Si nos referimos a las pasadas o
agentes locales con los que no colaboramos... buscar acciones comunes pero tal vez con
terceros agentes...OOS? Monterrey Politécnico, Universidad de deusto, Ayuntamiento....
Interfaz colaborativo!!! El queso del Sanwich o el York... a veces el tabasco!!! algo que
llevarse a la boca. Concreción. Buscar la cuarta dimensión.. Colaboración Cuántica!! Por
IMPACTS:
consultant. Creative sunergy facilitator. EGin Book production system developer. Muchos...
es el Quiz de la cuestión, sin colaboración no hay acción y por lo tanto no hay impacto.
AL margen del premio Ercilla a la labor teatral de 10 años, y algunos premios más, el
mayor impacto es es la propia existencia, los retos por resolver, y sobre todo “Somos

estando” este es el impacto. No quiero referirme a miles de reseñas en prensa, TV o
WHO:
Tania Diez
Stakeholder / Maker
Nowadays?
Bazawp popup art products shop coordinator (2011present)
Production manager ZAWP
Stakeholder form hACERIA arteak, volunteer for 2 years and worker sinc 2011 in the
CONVICTIONS:
INTENTIONS:
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS:
IMPACTS:

WHO:
Stakeholder / Doer
In charge that actually everything that happens is done and is about to occur in Zawp.
Likes to negotiate everything negotiable and face difﬁcult challenges. Nowdays and
thanks to the experience acquired during more than 12 years working in production
events, Aritza is the production manager of hACERIAZAWP. He always says he has the
great movement and because he has the possibility of to meet new
people, with whom he cano share a way of life.
Nowadays?
CONVICTIONS:
INTENTIONS:
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS:
IMPACTS:
WHO:
Ruth Mayoral
Nowadays?
CONVICTIONS:
INTENTIONS:
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS:
IMPACTS:

WHO:
Jon Ribechini
Initiator / Vision / Finance
Diru (laguntza, gestio...) / Economicamente / Finance related
Nowadays?
Administración, Labores contables, Labores administrativas
CONVICTIONS:
INTENTIONS:
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS:
IMPACTS:
WHO:
Nowadays?
CONVICTIONS:
INTENTIONS:
COMMUNICATIONS:
ACTIONS:
IMPACTS:
My connection with hACERIA Arteak started many years ago, when the husband of my
school theater. “I was 14 and by that time I dreamed of being a painter and dedicate to
color the drawings of the Disney ﬁlms, I loved the color !.” The theater was me away but

the family always supported, along with my parents and decided to become a member of
the Association, with a ﬁnancial contribution which helped to Rehabilitate the space soon
became hACERIA Aretoa.
pusimos la ropa de faena y comenzamos a pintar paredes de dentro y fuera. A partir
comencé mi primera carrera: Publicidad y RR.PP. y para ir sufragando los gastos que
personal de inventario en distintas tiendas y mi primer contacto laboral con Haceria,
real y decidimos enfocar nuestro estudio en la Asociación Haceria y la sala del mismo
de prestar mayor atención a estos asuntos, por ello nos ofrecimos a realizar prácticas
durante 3 meses durante los cuales desarrollar un Plan de Comunicación real y práctico
voluntaria las dist

PLACE PROFILE OF ZORROZAURRE 6 RIBERA DE DEUSTO
From peninsula to Island
Overview of the Peninsula to Island transition
Zorrozaurre (in Basque and officially Zorrotzaurre) is the name given to the peninsula
formed after digging the channel of Deusto in Bilbao, Biscay, Basque Country. The name
is a compound of the basque words Zorroza (Zorrotza: sharp) and aurre (in front of)
neighborhood located at the left side of the river.
It is officially part of the district of San Pedro de Deusto La Ribera, although traditionally
has been considered a separate district.
the seventies this is a neighbourhood in continuous industrial and social decline and
in which nowadays live only five hundred neighbors approximately (with squatters and
immigrants without documentation People who have occupied buildings).
The urban area of Zorrozaurre occupies a total area of 838,781m2, of which more than a
half belong to public entities (Basque Government, Bilbao City Council and Port Authority
of Bilbao) the remainder being shared between various private owners. In the midsixties
Zorrozaurre was immersed in an industrial strength era, fueled by the unfinished opening
of Deusto Canal by the Port of Bilbao. In this scenario they were consolidating various
industrial activities, especially those related to port activity on both sides of the channel,
as well as other productive uses in the old Ribera de Deusto.
However, the economic crisis of the seventies affected the entire industrial development
causing its decline. Part of the industrial activity was abandoned and consequently living
spaces. In 1995, following the approval of Bilbao´s General Management LandUse
Planning, the industrial use of Zorrozaurre became residential. Over time, The drafting of
a Special Plan is requested, in the urban design of the area. In 2001, public and private
owners of Zorrozaurre constitute the Zorrozaurre Management Committee for the Urban
Development to promote and implement the plan of the urban regeneration of the area.

Hadid. Developed in 2004 and revised in 2007, it includes the complete opening of
Deusto Chanel, transforming the peninsula of Zorrozaurre in island. In November 2012
the Bilbao City Council ﬁnally approved the Special Plan of Zorrozaurre.
Various actions are progressively consolidating the future Island of Zorrozaurre Island:
Public infrastructure:
Deusto channel opening
Frank Gehry bridge
San Ignacio – Zorrotzaurre bridge
New buildings:
New headquarters of IDOM
New clinical of IMQ (Medical surgical)
Rehabilitation of buildings:
Rehabilitation of residential buildings
Papelera Building rehabilitation for cultural use
ZAWP Bilbao (Zorrozaurre art Work in Progress) (creative neighbourhood)
Key facts!
According to the research, Bilbao has perhaps the most densely located artistic
community than in any other province of the Basque Country.
Where can these artists be found?
Mapping Artists, Artisans and Cultural Workers in Biscay, indicates that in Bilbao, ‘most of
the areas with highest concentration of artists are fairly centrally located’.
“…Strategies to encourage the creation industries should include the development and
maintenance of neighbourhoods that are accessible and desirable for creators”
The distribution of artistic neighbourhoods across the city of Bilbao is far from balanced.
The top neighbourhoods are located in Ribera de Deusto Zorrozaurre, San Francisco,
“On an individual level, the arts can stimulate, inspire and entertain. At the
neighbourhood level, strong artistic environments may contribute to changes in local
economies, social environments, neighbourhood character and demographics.“
So, what are the implications for other Bilbao neighbourhoods?. Cultural development
in cities is partly an issue of neighbourhood development. Most artists and cultural
workers are already familiar with the signiﬁcant role that they play in the development of
home communities. In addition to maintaining the level of artists residing in downtown
neighbourhoods, it is important to consider the development of the areas of Bilbao

mentioned before. As Bilbao continues to expand, how can we support the growth of
artistic neighbourhoods in outlying areas?
“There is a large body of research that shows that the arts can contribute to the
quality of life as well as the social and economic vitality of cities….In short, a strong
artistic community anchored in strong local neighbourhoods can enhance the whole
community’s wellbeing. For these reasons, it is important to identify and track creative
neighbourhoods – areas that are attractive to artists for a number of reasons: inexpensive
housing, access to employment and selfemployment opportunities, access to resources
(such as studio space, galleries, rehearsal and performance space, artist run centres and
associations), social networks, physical environment, family reasons and more.“
Focusing on our research
To understand the synergies and corner stones in the ZAWP Local partnership´s
development we need to understand the possibilities and frames that the peninsula of
Zorrozaurre and Ribera de Deusto set us. The spatial research determines how places
can enable and deﬁne the life and the way people collaborate with each other.
The current site of ZAWP can be described in measurements and put in each spatial
Approach to visualize the case study:
¿What was there?
¿What is here?
¿What is supposed to be here?
Buildings, owners and activities.
NOTE: Visualize, the payments and support for other activities.

ZORROZAURRE RIBERA DE DEUSTO LIFE MAP
ZAWP ECOSYSTEM MAP

through art, creativity and innovation, offering a different view of the process of urban
transformation, settling in the “meantime” (meanwhile while become). Launched in
2008, ZAWP develops its activities in a dozen former industrial buildings in the area of
Ribera de Deusto who have been rehabilitated inside the Creation Factories Program of
the Culture Department of the Basque Government, with the cooperation of the City of
Bilbao. Among the activities developed in ZAWP are the following ones:
- Artistic interventions in different parts of the neighborhood
- Reactivation of industrial buildings for creative uses
- Conservation of the historical memory of the area

How does the urban plan affect us?
tool. Our activity exceeds that limitation focusing on the whole area of La Ribera and
connecting also nationally and internationally. Therefore, the future for us is not limited to
the existence of the pavilions we manage. Obviously, ZAWP will mutate as the urban plan
advances. However, ZAWP has been thought from its beginning to settle in temporality,
in the meanwhile of the transformation process, since this is a real uncertainty interval for
citizens.

GARABIA ZAWP ARETOA
Originally constructed as part of a sawmill, this building served as a workshop. The
location has been recovered and transformed into a multipurpose space that is
dedicated as a point of creation and exhibition for any and all disciplines, as well as a
of use by zawpers and other creators and artists. From Thursday to Sunday, there is a bar
area, popup shop (BAZAWP), and ofﬁcial Bookcrossing point open to the public. Garabia
provides all this, along with a rich and varied offering of cultural activities.
Garabia images before rehabilitation of the interior/exterior of the pavilion
BAZAWP
BAZAWP is a physical and online store of ZAWP based on the POPUP store philosophy.
By its nature and spirit serves as a springboard to emerging artists, BAZAWP has
a popup identity and takes physical form as temporary
exhibition of various artists. There for, BAZAWP serves to
introduce new products or product lines and attract the
attention of potential new clients and bring the customer
a product that is already marketed on the Internet. The
creations are made by residents zawpers, other creators and
ZAWP movements own designs. Within BAZAWP, there is
also a space for creations of our elders, our corner “Amama
reuse and recycling, boosted by the draft ZAWP “3Rcycle”
. Currently (2015), BAZAWP is located within the space
Garabia and there you may know and purchase the works of
local and national artists working in different artistic disci

HACERIA ARTEAK
Since it was founded seventeen years ago, La Haceria has served as a versatile space
reconverting the sawmill into the space that it is today. Haceria Aretoa is currently formed
by different thematic clubs that spread and generate formative and cultural activity and
helps to promote the revitalization of the area in it’s own unique way.
02. SHARED WORK SPACES
ETC02 is a shared workspace located in an old industrial hall of 250 m2 renovated and
adapted as a place to create, develop and share artistic, creative and innovative ideas and
ETC02 is a place to start or continue your selfmanaged activity and without requiring

Before rehabilitation of the building

ZAWPLAb is ZAWP’s shed dedicated to international residencies focused on urban
and social transformation, as a concept or as a target. The purpose of this program is
to encourage experimentation, production and research in different areas of creation,
contribute to the promotion of creators and promote international mobility of cultural
may enrich and put in value over a ﬂexible and multidisciplinary work space.

06. THE TERRACE
company, the particular breeze that being surrounded by water brings us; a place to
meet people and share experiences. This space is another place that gives meaning to
the “meanwhile” because it’s conceived as a creative and exhibition space constantly
updated. While the intended activity goes, the square changes its image depending
on the good work that bring the comings and goings, our creative future tidal island of
different artists.
Terrace space before rehabilitation
08. LOFT ZAWP

LOFT ZAWP is a coworking space situated in a former carpentry building that has been
rehabilitated and adapted into a place to create, develop, and share ideas and artistic,
LOFT ZAWP is divided into two floors: the ground floor is the office and workplace
of Asociación hACERIA arteak, and the top floor is a coworking space with desks, a
conference room, as well as a kitchen/dining room.
This is a place to start, or continue, your activity in a selfmanaged way, without having to
Other local projects and cohabitants of the ecosystem map
of Ribera de Deusto and Zorrotzaurre
CRAZY TOWN
A coworking space that rented out an space neighbouring ZAWP´s spaces. ZAWP
managed to support them economically with the rehabilitation. The Coworking activity
didn´t succeed at that time but the infrastructure reminds and since then is been used
by Pabellon Nº6 as their cantine.

GURE TXOKO SKATE ESKOLA
A few years ago, the skaters of Deusto, tired of antiskate climate, decided to make a
small indoor skatepark. During its history, the indoor has changed course several times,
moving toward the practice of skateboarding in transitions, compared to last street
circuit modules. The turning point was the ﬂood that they suffered in May, the desolation
became opportunity, and after getting this new indoor space, they set to work to rebuild
their dreams by recycling all the old wood serviceable from the previous gure txoko.
They asked for leftovers to stand construction, decoration and facilities companies, plus
reusing screws. Zawp helped Gure Txoko Skate Eskola in 2011 with economical support
neighbour initiative.
It is a threestorey elongated bowl, 120.00 cm, 160 cm and 180,00cm 25 meters
long and 9 wide, with a pair of hips with different characteristics, one round and one
corner, and curvy of different radios. A quick bowl of skating, to wake up minds, and
responsiveness, although it is higher, more affordable than the last.

PABELLÓN Nº6
promoted by the Association of performing arts creators composed of 13 multifaceted
creators with different view of the performing arts. This space was rehabilitated under
ZAWP and in addition, ﬁnanced the collective, part of the rent. This process and
development independently from 2015.
EIDABE
One of the oldest initiatives in the area. ZAWP helped them with the renovation of the
renovation of their sheiling and heating system. EIDABE is a company dedicated to
cultural management since 2006, working mainly in three areas:
PAPER FACTORY (PAPELERA NERVION)
Aware of the need to preserve the industrial heritage, ZAWP engaged with Asociación
in La Ribera de Deusto as the master Plan did not introduce it in their planning.
For this matter, ZAWP had to rent the space before the building was considered heritage.
The need to pay the rent and the process of decontaminating a private owned space

rented by ZAWP.
Successfully they manage to engage with the Basque Government and the City Hall for
the recuperation of the building. The Basque Government gave the money to rehabilitate
professionals from different sectors and people socially reinserted through the regional
employment plan while the rental of the space was paid by ZAWP.
Shortly, a construction mistake was made by the city hall management and the building
and sub rented by ZAWP. ZAWP got out of the rental responsibility and the original plan
of supporting the cultural activity
within the building. Nowadays, the building owner is the city hall and is meant to became
an AUZOFACTORY.
Development of the Building each self as a prototype for ecological transition?
The renovated building Papelera Nervión (Paper Factory) building will be the
during the summer, after storage, will be use in cold winter time. A system sponsored
Germany.
systems.
The initiative, called Integration Effective Seasonal Thermal Storage Systems in Existing
Buildings, is in full swing, in the old pavilion, which is set to become a benchmark for

alternative arts, and which shall be administered up from autumn by Ekintza Bilbao (Local
Business Public Entity, which aims to generate economic and social wealth for the city,
enhancing our capabilities as an investment destination, business creation and growth,
attracting visitors and talent. Improving access to employment opportunities.)
In sum, Einstein intends to develop, and demonstrate that it is feasible to a heating
system with low energy consumption, based on the seasonal thermal storage in
combination with heat pumps, to meet the demand of buildings, with many years in their
partitions. Together with Tecnalia and the City, through Bilbao Ekintza, are also involved
Government entities and with money from a European program.
Acciona has been the construction company involved in the initiative. The solar panels,
which absorb the sun’s heat in the summer months, have been installed in the roof of
the old tank curve of the paper roll´s store. They have also been placed control panels,
and pipes through which hot water will run until the water tank, and then into the
warehouse. The heat, will be provided from below, thanks to the floor heating, which was
installed during the renovation, and also through heat pumps.
about ten meters high, has a special foundation, and inside, stores the water, previously
heated with solar panels. Stagnant fluid volume, will be about 200 cubic meters. A
special insulation, in which has worked Tecnalia, will be what will allow to maintain 90-95
degrees, which reach the liquid in the tank.
The calculations that have been made, indicate that it can lose a degree of heat a
week. Loss acceptable, given the climatic conditions of Bilbao. Another advantage is
that stratification tank, allowed to charge the water tank while it is extracted for heating
function. While the vessel is in hot water, the bill will be of zero euros. One of the
disadvantages to be found in Bilbao, is the peculiar utility that will have the Papelera
Pavilion. Its future use will be varied, always aiming to develop alternative cultural and
social activities. This will mean that the needs of heating, vary greatly and are not
homogeneous.
KAROLA ZIRKO ESPAZIO
to create. The Association of Professional Circus of Biscay, requested assistance to
ZAWP. From ZAWP manages to find a suitable space for their needs, the old building of
Maderas Deusto as well as requested the Basque Government to spend 50,000 euro of
the budget that would spend in Papelera Space (Bin) (1 million euros).

dedicated to the arts of circus and street theatre where professional companies can grow
in a space designed based on your needs: training and rehearsal rooms, warehouse,
ofﬁce and workshop exhibition. This space has been renovated with the help of ZAWP
PIUGAZ, INDOOR CLIMBING
The climbing wall is located in Hall Piugaz Bilbao, it occupies 2,000 square meters,
located on the street Olagorta No. 25, next to the former biscuit factory Artiach. The
construction of the climbing center, has more than 100 blocks for all tastes and levels
(from beginners to professionals), it has been promoted by a group of professional
athletes who have already spent a decade managing a similar space in the Italian city of
Florence . Proponents point out that, by size and facilities, the new climbing wall is level
source of urban culture.”

ZIRKOZAURRE
training classes were developing in different circus techniques. There was a need to have
a space in which to continue to offer training in the various disciplines and Zorrozaurre
booming cultural district in Bilbao, proved to be the neighborhood where they found a
place with the right features to further develop these activities. It is a cultural association
which began operation in November 2011. It currently has 80 members and five resident
circus galas and programmed open samples. In total more than 500 people have
already gone through the space.
scale, aerial hoop, fitness and flexibility. These courses are aimed at both beginners and
advanced students. Also, there are circus classes for children from 3 years. Also they are
offered periodically intensives during weekends, in different disciplines, which have been
professionals who come to share their knowledge. People have come from about 3 to 45,
company in the field of circus. The motivations are very different, from people who want
to try some discipline, to people who want to play sports, and prefer to come here before
going to a gym, to people who already have expertise, and need to keep training.
Haztegia, is the creation incubator of Zirkozaurre, subsidized by the Factories Program of
the Basque Government.

Zirkozaurre, open this call for artistic residencies:
Improve the accompaniment of creators, artists and promoters of professional circus arts
amateur circus artists, they can live a process of creation and research, facilitating their
digital platforms, and ICTservices, as well as offering preferential access to vocational
training program Zirkozaurre.
TOKYO STORY
Until december 2014 the pavilion was inhabited by Delirium Studios, a factory of
Independent videogames and since february 2015 it´s inhabited by Tokyo Story, a vintage
and neighbouring needs.
PIN Y PON
Vintage store and workshop space. Independent entities that use neighbouring spaces.

ESPACIO OPEN
Started at ZAWP space 02 as Open your Colectivo and they were 10 or 12 members? As
their activity grew they started to search for spaces that could suit their needs, so they
move to the Old Cookies Factory Artiach where they are enabling other activities to settle
down. Since 2009 Espacio Open is fully involved in creative and positive social change
ﬁrst initiatives of the creative Zorrozaurre.

GENERAL DATA ABOUT THE ISLAND
Housing rehabilitation
Surbisa (public company of the City of Bilbao made to encourage urban rehabilitation of
residential buildings of the municipality) is responsible for coordinating and processing
rehabilitations: of the 47 existing residential buildings, 42 were considered likely to be
rehabilitated. Of these 42, 17 buildings have completed reforms; 8 have scaffolding
only 7 buildings would be pending of rehabilitation. The reforms have been significant, as
many of these houses are over a hundred years old, and the maintenance performed has
been little or no for decades, due to uncertainty in the area. Therefore, they have had to
strengthen the pillars of some buildings and incorporated thermal insulation and other
energy efficiency measures proposed by Surbisa. With the works, buildings have gained
access, and elevators were built in blocks of more than three floors.
Since being processed, the declaration of Integrated Rehabilitation Ribera de Deusto
Zorrotzaurre Area, residents have benefited from substantial subsidies, to undertake the
rehabilitation works. It is estimated that the rehabilitation work completed in 2017.
Industrial activity
In Ribera de Deusto Zorrozaurre hundred companies with over a thousand workers
remain active. Workshops and pavilions occupy about 200,000 square meters, a third of
the surface area.

The Basque Department of Industry, and the Bilbao City Council, signed the agreement
which Sprilur, public society for the promotion of soil, will be responsible for the
rehabilitation of some old buildings as: thermoelectrics Consonni, Elorriaga Electric
Industries (Lancor) both unemployed for years. There are few industrial landscapes, with
many nuances, such as Ribera de Deusto Zorrozaurre. Large enterprises, workshops of
craft and few workers, huge warehouses with modules for rent, and disused pavilions still
with owners. They are pictures that do not fit in the promising urban development of the
area, although many of them do not see clearly the way out. Industrial activity, or what
remains of it, occupies about 200,000 square meters, a third of the surface of the future
island. There are a hundred companies active where they work between 1,200 and 1,500
people.
HISTORICAL PART
The neighborhood / Origin and history
With the completion of the channel for industrial purposes, the peninsula was born in
1968, fortyseven years after the annexation of this industrial and port riverside of Bilbao.
Until then, all this land consisted of open fields, which housed the famous Deusto
tomatoes and bourgeois homes, among other things. Today, it seems to be an industrial
area in decline. However, this is a neighborhood where, in addition to a declining industry,
live about four hundred neighbors, most of them are elderly, quite cut off from each
other due to the elongated shape of the peninsula, which prevents the creation of
different walkways, and sufficient meeting places. Two neighborhoods generated around

a single riverside: La Ribera de Deusto and Zorrotzaurre. Therefore, there is not only one
differentiated territorial identity from the rest of the city, but also within the peninsula
itself. It is an area that was left out of the industrial restructuring process of, and that
affected the closest places to the center of Bilbao. This circumstance has made to stay
in a different reality to the rest of their environment. An environment that has been
changing urban, social and economically to new ways of understanding life and the
development of the city.
Meanwhile, at the peninsula, the industrial activity has been declining but, nevertheless,
it retains much of its personality, because this activity has not disappeared completely,
there has not been a drastic break with its past, maintaining, over the time, its particular
rhythm and lifestyle, reinforced by the geographical / physical characteristic of
peninsularity. Currently, its facing the start of a restructuring process that will last more
than ﬁfty years. It is in this context that we call Meanwhile Meantime, from where we

Ruth Mayoral López.
Project coordination. Spent much time on production and
cultural management. Now she is more focused on the
study of citizens movements and urban transformation
through creation. Zawp’s manager in Bilbao. Love
to learn from others. Peripheral vision, detailed and
critical, analytical and synthetical skills, curious to learn,
maintaining objectives, self-criticism, empathy, ﬂexibility in
action, humor.
Ane San Miguel Crespo
Toolbox manager and research researcher. Passionate
about challenging mindsets and souls with a humanized
approach to enrich the working athmospheres. Hosting
milestone based in her attitude, fresh and natural. No
pattern to ﬁlter. Creativity and expression are her tools
and spread energy all over the working space a collateral
matter. Knowledge management.
Ziortza Etxabe Ugarte
Research manager and toolbox researcher. Consultant,
Team Coach, catalyst and trainer in entrepreneurship,
creativity, leadership and innovation. But above all this,
I consider myself an explorer of creative ideas. I am a
social entrepreneur that take into account a positive
return to society; I attempt to further broad social, cultural,
and environmental goals and often associated with the
voluntary sector.

ECOLOGICAL TRANSITION
led by Les Darwiniens, Bordeaux, France
coordination : Mehdi Hazgui, Christiaan Weiler

ECOLOGICAL TRANSITION - A DEFINITION
This is a global definition of ‘ecological transition’ - the theme we manage as partner in
the Erasmus+ project Origin of Spaces.
Before trying to give a definition of the theme, it seems logical to see that the ‘transition’-
part refers to a change from one state to the next. We need to understand how ‘we can
transit to another state of ecology’. The notion of ‘sustainable development’ is intimately
related to ecology, and more widespread. However it is also politically colored. To give a
first draft of a possible definition, it would seem more helpful to make a short historical
summary of how the subject came to be part of our daily life, and how it has developed
since.
For the project
Getting through the global definition, and then working towards the local Darwinien
definition, helped get a clearer picture of what kind ecological and sustainable transition
we mean when we work on it in Bordeaux. The attached graphics are meant to simplify
the understanding of how a larger global definition (1) was reduced somewhat to a
Darwinien definition. Since we don’t spend so much time on question of ‘population’
and ‘governance’, these fall away (2). Since there is a certain balance of ecologically
oriented business activity (3), this balance was ‘applied’ to quantify the importance of
certain aspects rather than others. Finally we could say that in Bordeaux, our transitional
practices for ecological sustainability concentrate mostly on ‘business activities selling
services regarding Energy, Water and Waste (4). So this is what we intend to aim for with
our Success-Stories.
Shortest
It begins as awareness of the fragility ecological systems. It is soon after put in relation
to (the need for) economical and social development. It has been implemented in many
national policies in terms of goals for : energie, transport, industry, natural resources,
public health, and urban planning. There are two ‘opposing’ and sometimes mixed
propositions for future development, one based on relience on technological solutions for
growth, the other based an the principle of de-growth and reducing consumption.
Short history
In 1972, the same year as the beginning of the first oil crisis, the ‘Club of Rome’
published the book ‘Limits to Growth’. They described themselves as “a group of world

citizens, sharing a common concern for the future of humanity”, and they extrapolated
that “if the present growth trends in world population, industrialization, pollution, food
production, and resource depletion continue unchanged, the limits to growth on this
planet will be reached sometime within the next one hundred years (2072). The book
came in the same year as the United Nations Conference on Human Environment held
in Stockholm in 1972. The discussions among the many various participants led to
different positions on the matter. A central point of disagreement was about the western
conviction of imposing a restraining of economical development on all countries, for
the sake of the environment, while the western countries were most responsible for the
environmental situation. Some ten years later the Brundtlandt report was presented to
the United Nations Conference in 1987. The ensuing debate heightens awareness of
the interconnections between several well-known global problems. In the report, called
‘Our common future’ the disagreement was solved by ‘reconciling’ the environmental
situation with three simultaneous objectives of ‘sustainable development’ : ecological,
economical and social development. Policy directions were established : 1. Population
and Human Resources, 2. Industry, 3. Food Security, 4. Species and Ecosystems, 5. The
Urban Challenge, 6. Managing the Commons, 7. Energy, 8.Conﬂict and Environmental
Degradation. In later editions these objectives have been materialized. In Rio de Janeiro
in 1992 the Agenda 21 was presented. In 2005 in Kyoto developed country were bound
legally to goals for greenhouse gas emission reductions. The conference in 2009
in Stockholm was generally seen as a defeat for ecology, as it was dominated by the
economical crisis. It has been suggested that the lack of hierarchy for the three pillars of
sustainability gave way to political ambiguity and lack of initiative.
Recent implementations
After these developments, the European Union sets overall objectives and concrete
actions for seven key priority challenges for the period until 2010 : 1. Climate change
and clean energy, 2. Sustainable transport, 3. Sustainable consumption & production, 4.
Conservation and management of natural resources, 5. Public Health, 6. Social inclusion,
demography and migration, 7. Global poverty and sustainable development challenges.
The French government answers with the Grenelle I and II legal packages containing
six pillars and the ‘outlines’ and ‘logistics’ of the application on regional and local level :
1. Improving the energetic performance of buildings, 2. Creating a change in transport
Use, 3. Reducing signiﬁcantly energy consumption and carbon emissions, 4. Preserving
and restoring biodiversity, 6. A new ecological governance model. Additional attention
is given to energy production, storage and consumption, to the circular economy, and
dependance on rare materials.

Two schools
There are primarily two schools that can be distiguished in the way they see a sustainable
future. They can simply be indicated as growth-oriented and degrowth-oriented. Between
the two there is a grey area of combined orientations.
The growth-oriented point of view assumes that technological innovation will and is
providing the solutions to the situation, so that people may keep or even increase
their comfort. Jeremy Rifkin, author of ‘The Third Industrial Revolution’ is particularly
confident about this, saying that open-access online-tools, distributed individual
means of production and techniques of renewable energy, will eventually converge to a
democratically distributed energy, like information on the internet. His Third Industrial
Revolution will be oriented towards : 1. shifting to renewable energy; 2. transforming
the building stock into micro–power plants; 3. deploying storage technologies to store
energies; 4. using Internet technology to transform the power grid into an energy
internet; and 5. transitioning the transport fleet to electric vehicles on a smart power
grid. The well communicated concept of Smart-cities is an important component of this
approach - where the Internet of Things will deliver the necessary means to monitor and
optimize consumption. Many governmeantal programmes are based on this strategy
of ‘distributed capitalism’. The Circular economy, or Cradle to Cradle as it was called in
1992, is another important element of the growth-oriented approach. It believes that,
as in nature, waste should not be considered as such, but rather to be used in a next
cycle. These approaches can be seen as ‘engineering’ approaches as they try to master
the technicalities of the situation. In an far reaching biologically supported approach,
biodiversity is a key element of sustainability. Ecologists speak of ‘ecosystem services’
as they describe the required stable interrelation between natural systems and human
culture. But there are also opinions on this positive point of view, that say that its
benificial effects might be restricted to only few participants in society.
In contrast to this is the ‘degrowth’-oriented approach. In this approach is believed
that the planet will under no circumstances be able to sustain prosperity as it is known
today in the western world, and as it is pursued by the emerging economies. Achieving
a quality life is now uncoupled from material consumption, and brought back to the
definitions of Abraham Maslow’s ‘Hierarchy of Needs’, where physiological, safety, love,
esteem and self-actualization needs can be met without material consumption. When we
read Tim Jackson’s ‘Prosperity without Growth’, we see how the debate changes focus,
away form environmental performance, and towards life qualities “in the strength of our
relationships and our trust in the community... by our satisfaction at work and our sense

of shared meaning and purpose”. Others are more radical, such as the ‘Amis de la Terre’,
who proclaim that ecosystems nearing the end of their existence, that capitalism is an
obsolete model, that there can’t infinite growth in an finite world. They propose frugality
and equality through degrowth. Philippe Bihouix recently published his book ‘The
Age of Low Tech’, where he proposes numerous low-tech solutions to attain ecological
sustainability, such as putting on a sweater, accepting the seasons climate, and paying
deposits on packaging, to bring down consumption to 25% od the current level.
In between
In between these seemingly opposed positions there is a multitude of mixed
propositions. As an example there is the french association Negawatt that quanitifies
a short term transition trajectory by both energy consumption reduction and energy
production alternatives and optimization. The sharing economy means to maintain the
level of services that can be consumed, by multiplying the users per object. The central
idea is to reduce the material needs, by optimizing their usage, characterized by the
phrase : ‘you don’t need a drill, you need a hole in the wall’. The business and culture
cluster Darwin in Bordeaux, managed by the property developer Evolution Limited,
focusses on a mix of objectives : 1. Energy saving, 2. Material source efficiency, 3. Zero
waste by recyling, 4. Motorized traffic reduction, 5. Health in interior ambiance and well-
being, 6. Biological and local food principles. Reuse and renovation of the buildings, but
also of waste, is a way of dramatically reducing their ecological footprint immediately.
Similarly, collectives like Gapfiller, LIVS and Festa, who came about after the 2000 and
2001 earthquakes in Christchurch NZ, show the dynamics that can come about in a
context of imposed re-use, as the city center needs immediate (temporary) rebuilding.

ANNEX
REFERENCES TO ECOLOGICAL TRANSITION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Meadows Dennis - Club of Rome - UN Conference of 1972
1972 http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~wggray/Teaching/His300/Illustrations/Limits-to-
Growth.pdf
2000 http://www.greatchange.org/ov-simmons,club_of_rome_revisted.pdf
2010 http://connect.clubofrome.org/ecms/files/resources/What_was_the_message_of_
Limits_to_Growth.pdf
[...] to investigate five major trends of global concern : accelerating industrialization,
rapid population growth, widespread malnutrition, depletion of nonrenewable resources,
and a deteriorating environment. Our conclusions are: 1. If the present growth trends
in world population, industrialization, pollution, food production, and resource depletion
continue unchanged, the limits to growth on this planet will be reached sometime
within the next one hundred years. The most probable result will be a rather sudden and
uncontrollable decline in both population and industrial capacity. 2. It is possible to alter
these growth trends and to establish a condition of ecological and economic stability that
is sustainable far into the future. The state of global equilibrium could be designed so
that the basic material needs of each person on earth are satisfied and each person has
an equal opportunity to realize his individual human potential. [...] follows a pattern that
mathematicians call exponential growth.
[...] Faith in technology as the ultimate solution to all problems can thus divert our
attention from the most fundamental problem--the problem of growth in a finite system-
-and prevent us from taking effective action to solve it. [...] All the evidence available to
us, however, suggests that of the three : alternatives--unrestricted growth, a self-imposed
limitation to growth, or a nature-imposed limitation to growth - -only the last two are
actually possible.
[...] The equilibrium society will have to weigh the trade-offs engendered by a finite earth
not only with consideration of present human values but also with consideration of future
generations. long-term goals
must be specified and short term goals made consistent with them.
[...] We cannot say with certainty how much longer mankind can postpone initiating
deliberate control of its growth before it will have lost the chance for control.

Brundtland Gro Harlem - UN 1984 - 1987
http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf
[...] This Commission believes that people can build a future that is more prosperous,
more just, and more secure. Our report, Our Common Future, is not a prediction of
ever increasing environmental decay, poverty, and hardship in an ever more polluted
world among ever decreasing resources. We see instead the possibility for a new era
of economic growth, one that must be based on policies that sustain and expand the
environmental resource base. And we believe such growth to be absolutely essential to
relieve the great poverty that is deepening in much of the developing world.
[...] Humanity has the ability to make development sustainable to ensure that it meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs. The concept of sustainable development does imply limits - not
absolute limits but limitations imposed by the present state of technology and social
organization on environmental resources and by the ability of the biosphere to absorb the
effects of human activities. But technology and social organization can be both managed
and improved to make way for a new era of economic growth. The Commission believes
that widespread poverty is no longer inevitable. Poverty is not only an evil in itself, but
sustainable development requires meeting the basic needs of all and extending to all the
opportunity to fulﬁl their aspirations for a better life. A world in which poverty is endemic
will always be prone to ecological and other catastrophes.
[...] The Policy Directions : 1. Population and Human Resources - 2. Food Security:
Sustaining the Potential - 3. Species and Ecosystems: Resources for Development - 4.
Energy: Choices for Environment and Development - 5. Industry: Producing More with
Less - 6. The Urban Challenge
[...] First, if the problems of environmental degradation and of poverty, particularly in the
Third World, are to be solved, a continued economic development is essential. Second,
we must reconcile environmental protection with economic growth. There is a growing
consensus that this is perfectly possible and desirable. Third, there is also a great
consensus that the application of strict environmental standards is good for economic
growth, as well as for the environment, and that they encourage innovation, promote
inventiveness and efﬁciency, and generate employment. Fourth, to achieve the goals of
sustainable development, good environment, and decent standards of life for all involves
very large changes in attitude.
http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/sd.html

[...] People concerned about sustainable development suggest that meeting the
needs of the future depends on how well we balance (1) social, (2) economic, and (3)
environmental objectives--or needs--when making decisions today.
[...] When we focus on the (1) social aspects of sustainable development, we look at the
issues that impact people directly and that either help or hinder the process of improving
the quality of life.
[...] When we focus on the (2) economic aspects of sustainable development, we look at
the system that determines how the limited resources needed to improve peoples’ lives
are distributed. We also examine how these limited resources are used.
[...] When we focus on the (3) environmental aspects of sustainable development, we
look at the natural resources--both renewable and non-renewable--that make up our
surroundings and help us to sustain and better our lives.
http://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/mods/theme_a/mod02.html
[...] Our Common Future reported on many of the global realities explored in Module 1,
and recommended urgent action on eight key issues to ensure that development was
sustainable, i.e. that it would satisfy ‘the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’. These eight issues were
: 1. Population and Human Resources, 2. Industry, 3. Food Security, 4. Species and
Ecosystems, 5. The Urban Challenge, 6. Managing the Commons, 7. Energy, 8.Conflict
and Environmental Degradation
Strong Maurice - UN Stockholm Conference of 1972 with hindsight
http://www.thwink.org/sustain/glossary/Sustainability.htm#HowCameToBe
[...] The principle of The Three Pillars of Sustainability says that for the complete
sustainability problem to be solved all three pillars of sustainability must be sustainable.
The three pillars are social, environmental, and economic sustainability. The flaw in the
Brundtland definition of sustainability arose in a short term effort to make the social pillar
stronger as the world’s top priority. However, that requires giving the environmental pillar
a lower short term priority. The environmental sustainability problem requires aggressive
widespread action now to avoid catastrophic consequences later. Thus the Brundtland
definition has set the world on a course to disaster.
[...] Sustainability is the ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitely. For more

practical detail the behavior you wish to continue indefinitely must be defined. For
example : Environmental sustainability is the ability to maintain rates of renewable
resource harvest, pollution creation, and non-renewable resource depletion that can be
continued indefinitely. Economic sustainability is the ability to support a defined level of
economic production indefinitely. Social sustainability is the ability of a social system,
such as a country, to function at a defined level of social well being indefinitely.
[...] The biggest single threat to the conference was the ambivalence, even antipathy, that
developing countries felt toward the whole issue of development. From the beginning,
developing countries had regarded the West’s concern with ‘the environment’ as just
another fad of the industrialized countries; in their view pollution and environmental
contamination were diseases of the rich, which could only divert attention and resources
from their principal concerns: underdevelopment and poverty. They were understandably
sensitive to the possibility that measures designed to protect the environment would
impose new constraints on their development. Most of them would gladly exchange a
little pollution for the benefits of economic growth.
[...] While Maurice and the other planners had the best of intentions, not treating the
environment as an “impediment” means it need not be the highest priority. This was
the precise point in history where the proper priority of the environment over all else was
rationalized away in a politically expedient tactical maneuver. Once a bargain like this is
made, it tends to be difficult or impossible to reverse.
International Institute for Sustainable Development - SD timeline
https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2006/sd_timeline_2006.pdf
[...] 1962 Silent Spring was published. Rachel Carson’s book’ was considered by many to
be a turning point in our understanding of the interconnections among the environment,
the economy and social well-being. Since then, many milestones have marked the
journey toward sustainable development.
[...] 1972 UN Conference on Human Environment /UNEP held in Stockholm. The
conference is rooted in the regional pollution and acid rain problems of northern Europe.
Leads to the establishment of many national environmental protection agencies and the
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
[...] Club of Rome publishes controversial Limits to Growth. Predicts dire consequences
if growth is not slowed. Northern countries criticize the report for not including
technological solutions while Southern countries are incensed because it advocates
abandonment of economic development.

[...] 1978 Amoco Cadiz oil spilloff the coast of Brittany.
[...] 1985 Climate change.Austria meeting of World Meteorological Society, UNEP and
the International Council of Scientific Unions reports on the build-up of CO2 and other
“greenhouse gases” in the atmosphere. They predict global warming. Antarctic ozone
holediscovered by British and American scientists.
[...] 1992 Earth Summit. UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
held in Rio de Janeiro. Agreements reached on the action plan “Agenda 21” and on the
Convention on Biological Diversity, the Framework Convention on Climate Change and
non-binding Forest Principles.
[...] 2005 Kyoto Protocol enters into force, legally binding developed country Parties to
goals for greenhouse gas emission reductions, and establishing the Clean Development
Mechanism for developing countries.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC - 2007 - 2014
http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch2s2-1-4.html
http://report.mitigation2014.org/report/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter4.pdf
[...] Sustainable development (SD) has been discussed extensively in the theoretical
literature since the concept was adopted as an overarching goal of economic and social
development by UN agencies, by the Agenda 21 nations, and by many local governments
and private-sector actors. The SD literature largely emerged as a reaction to a growing
interest in considering the interactions and potential conflicts between economic
development and the environment. SD was defined by the World Commission on
Environment and Development in the report Our Common Future as ‘development that
meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs’ (WCED, 1987).
[...] Arrow et al., (2004) summarize the controversy between economists and ecologists
by saying that ecologists have deemed current consumption patterns to be excessive or
deficient in relation to sustainable development, while economists have focused more
on the ability of the economy to maintain living standards. It is concluded here that the
sustainability criterion implies that inter-temporal welfare should be optimized in order to
ensure that current consumption is not excessive.

MIT Sloan Management Review
http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/what-is-sustainability/
[...] What does sustainability mean? Depends whom you ask. (Debates about it can get
warm.) But at root it’s the idea that systems—including natural and human ones—need
to be regenerative and balanced in order to last. We believe that that means all kinds of
systems: economic, environmental, societal, and personal. The sustainability question is:
How can we design and build a world in which the Earth thrives and people can pursue
flourishing lives?
European Union
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/
[...] The strategy sets overall objectives and concrete actions for seven key priority
challenges for the coming period until 2010, many of which are predominantly
environmental: 1. Climate change and clean energy, 2. Sustainable transport, 3.
Sustainable consumption & production, 4. Conservation and management of natural
resources, 5. Public Health, 6. Social inclusion, demography and migration, 7. Global
poverty and sustainable development challenges
French government
https://thegreentake.wordpress.com/tag/fondation-nicolas-hulot/
[...] The Grenelle II follows the Grenelle I (2007) and a second public consultation round
with representatives of large companies (MEDEF), SMEs (CGPME), NGOs. The new law
package contains six pillars and contains the ‘outlines’ and ‘logistics’ of the application
on regional and local level : 1. Improving the Energetic Performance of Buildings, 2.
Creating a change in Transport Use, 3. Reducing significantly Energy Consumption and
Carbon Emissions, 4. Preserving Biodiversity, 6. A new Ecological Governance Model,
http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Qu-est-ce-que-la-transition.html
[....]The ecological transition involves a rational and efficient use vis-à- vis all resources,
including the solicitation of natural regulation (climate, ecosystems) , and resilience

to climate hazards for the territories, industrial and agricultural processes, goods and
services. It concerns in particular: - thermal renovation of buildings - adaptation of
transport and land use planning - production , storage and uses of energy - water
sobriety - the preservation and restoration of ecosystems - the circular economy - less
dependence on scarce resources
Amis de la Terre
http://www.amisdelaterre.org/IMG/pdf/positionsocietessoutenables.pdf
[...] 1. Ecosystems nearing the end of their existence, 2. Capitalism, an obsolete model, 3.
Infinite growth in an finite world, 4. The risks of techno-centred approach, 5. Frugality and
equality, 6. Degrowth, 7. Demography, 8. Local economy,
Philippe Bihouix - Low Tech
http://www.projet-decroissance.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Commencements06-
Bihouix.pdf
http://liege.mpoc.be/doc/limites/Bihouix-Philippe_Low-tech-apprendre-a-s-appauvrir_
Rue89-1juin2014.pdf
[...] To speak of low-tech, it must first establish two facts: first, non-renewable resource
consumption (energy and raw materials) is unsustainable, and we consume more each
year to Moreover, technological solutions being proposed are absolutely not solutions.
Either these solutions are marginal and out of scale, so not up to the challenge, or
they are based on the recycling of our products, “the circular economy” that works
only partially due to the degradation of materials used or difficulty in separating the
components.
[...] There are two types of ecology: [...] “I do not want so much to give up my comfort,
but I want it to be filled with comfort greener way. “Or” Why not put on a sweater rather
than run the heaters thoroughly and then insulate buildings? »
[...] I prefer intelligently chosen decline, why not with a little innovation, technical or social
matter, rather than remain in a status quo scenario that leads straight to a sustained
decline, more violent.
[... [I put on a power consumption of around 20 to 25% of our current consumption: [...]
1. to start our travels. We need our movements become more difficult, unless one moves
2. the second is the building heating. I’m not saying we should move to the cold shower,

but less heat, review our comfort level, accept if a little cold in the winter, 3. Thirdly, it is
the energy contained in the objects manufactures and that we throw, the plastic cup to
the flat screen. There also must be recycled, but we have seen the limits of the system.
Therefore reintroduce the instructions, the ban on disposable product, increase the
reparability of our devices, etc.
[...]
Ecoquartiers
http://deey.free.fr/documents/Documents%20Dev%20durable/Articles%20
ecoquartiers/
[...] RAS - Examples of user-information
livret_accueil%20DeBonne%20Grenoble.pdf
[...] RAS - Examples of user-information
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743357/PDF/these.pdf
[...] RAS - Indeed, it is not to make items according to use, but to renew an offer
technical innovations required by the economic system of production. Sustainability
allows to renew an offer technical innovations required to operate the capitalist economy.
Encore Heureux - Matiere Grise
http://www.habitatparticipatif-paris.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Comment-utiliser-
sa-mati%C3%A8re-grise-pour-limiter-l%E2%80%99%C3%A9nergie-grise-.pdf
http://www.pavillon-arsenal.com/expositions/matiere-grise/docs/DP_matiere-grise.pdf
[...] RAS - Examples of re-use architecture
Jackson Tim - Prosperity without Growth - UK Sustainable Development Commission
http://apsk.kz/kz/images/economics/Prosperity%20without%20Growth.pdf
[...] The uncomfortable reality is that we find ourselves faced with the imminent end of
the era of cheap oil, the prospect of steadily rising commodity prices, the degradation
of air, water and soil, conflicts over land use, resource use, water use, forestry and fishing
rights, and the momentous challenge of stabilizing the global climate. And we face these

Origin of Spaces - Research Source Book (print) - innovative practices for sustainable multidisciplinary clusters fostering social entrepreneurship. An action-research project on innovative sustainable practices, funded by the European Union Erasmus+

Origin of Spaces - Research Source Book (print) - innovative practices for sustainable multidisciplinary clusters fostering social entrepreneurship. An action-research project on innovative sustainable practices, funded by the European Union Erasmus+

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (17)

Similar to Origin of Spaces - Research Source Book (print) - innovative practices for sustainable multidisciplinary clusters fostering social entrepreneurship. An action-research project on innovative sustainable practices, funded by the European Union Erasmus+

Similar to Origin of Spaces - Research Source Book (print) - innovative practices for sustainable multidisciplinary clusters fostering social entrepreneurship. An action-research project on innovative sustainable practices, funded by the European Union Erasmus+ (20)

More from Christiaan Weiler

More from Christiaan Weiler (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Origin of Spaces - Research Source Book (print) - innovative practices for sustainable multidisciplinary clusters fostering social entrepreneurship. An action-research project on innovative sustainable practices, funded by the European Union Erasmus+