This document discusses bowing techniques for orchestral string instruments. It covers bow speed, placement of the bow on the string, sections of the bow, basic bow markings, and exercises for developing bow control. Practicing bow control is important for playing with an ensemble and varying bow speed, placement, and weight.

1. Orchestral Bowings Function of the Bow

2. What is Bow Speed? Amount of Bow/Beat Even Uneven Distance/Time Pressure

3. Placement of Bow Bridge Fingerboard Relation to Speed of Bow Volume Level Tip/Middle/Fingerboard Arm Level

4. Sections of the Bow Upper Third Middle Third Lower Third Whole Bow Balance Point

5. Basic Bow Markings Down Bow Up Bow Use of Forms Distance from the Bridge String Crossings

6. Exercise on Bow Control Download Exercises for Bow Control from Website: www.nastrings.org Practice Exercises 1 & 2 Ensemble Bow Speed Piece Middle/Bridge/Fingerboard Speed Vs. Placement and Weight