Oracle Database – Mission Critical

Oracle Database – Mission Critical
Markus Michalewicz
Senior Director of Product Management
Oracle Database High Availability | Scalability | MAA
November 19, 2020
@KnownAsMarkus
www.linkedin.com/in/markusmichalewicz
www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz

Critical Points discussed in this Presentation
1 Oracle Database is Mission Critical
2 What Differentiates Oracle?
3 How to Benefit from Oracle’s Innovation?
4
2
Summary
Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates

4
3
Summary

What does Mission Critical mean?
General definition
The Oracle Database is
1. Vital to the functioning of many organizations
2. Software
3. Able to mask hardware failures using inherent and
optional High Availability (HA) features
• Mission Critical in many ways
4 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates

Recovery Point and Recovery Time Objectives
Technical consideration
Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
Tolerance for data loss (sec’s, hours, days); determines
frequency of backups and replication approaches
Recovery Time Objective (RTO)
The shorter the Recovery Time Objective (RTO) the quicker
you get back to business
Data Loss
(Recovery Point Objective)
Downtime
(Recovery Time Objective)
Hours Minutes SecondsWeeks Days HoursMinutesSeconds WeeksDays

Oracle Database Protects your Enterprise from Various Risks
Practical relevance
Financial risk Customer risk Regulatory risk
• Business interruption means
revenue loss
• Unplanned recovery costs
• Reputational / brand damage can
reduce market value
• Customers who have a bad
experience may not return
• Widely publicized outages
make it harder to attract new
customers
• Regulated businesses may face
penalties for unplanned
interruptions
• May also be subject to additional
ongoing scrutiny

Oracle Database is Mission Critical – It Powers the World Economy
Customer Examples
• Petabyte Warehouses
• Real-Time Financial Trading
• Enterprise Mega-Applications
• SAP, Oracle Fusion Apps, Salesforce
• Massive E-Commerce Sites
• EBay, Paypal, etc.
• Availability-sensible applications in
• Travel, Manufacturing, Telecom,
• Retail, Governments, etc.

4
8
Summary

Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA)
Reference
Architectures
Deployment Choices
HA Features,
Configurations &
Operational
Practices
Customer Insights &
Expert Recommendations
Production Site Replicated Site
Platinum
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Replication
Data Protection
Flashback RMAN + ZDLRA
Continuous Availability
Application
Continuity
Global Data
Services
Generic
Systems
Engineered
Systems
DBCS
ExaCS/ExaCC
Autonomous DB
Active Replication
Active Data Guard GoldenGate
Scale Out
RAC ShardingASM

Oracle Database – Designed to be Mission Critical
Oracle Database provides all
Mission Critical functionality
New Oracle Database Features
are designed and developed with
“Mission Critical” in mind

Oracle Provides Mission Critical Security
Full Architecture to Achieve Data Security – Maximum Security Architecture
Data Encryption  Advanced Security
Prevent Admin Data Access  Database Vault
Key Management  Key Vault
Centralized Auditing  Audit Vault
Testing Security  Data Masking and Subsetting
Centralized Security  Data Safe

Oracle Real Application Cluster
(RAC)
transparent, near-linear horizontal
scaling
Oracle Scales on-Demand
13
Single Instance
Oracle Database
online vertical scaling
(Single Instance) Database
with Oracle Sharding
linear horizontal scaling for
sharding-aware applications

Database inherent High
Availability features
• Oracle Database
• Standard Edition
• Enterprise Edition
• Oracle Restart
Cluster-based Failover
• Local HA solution
• Standard Edition
High Availability
• RAC One Node
Disaster Recovery
• Remote HA solution
• Data Guard
• Active Data Guard
Active / Active HA
• Local / remote HA solution
• Oracle RAC (pictured)
• Oracle Sharding
• Oracle GoldenGate
14
Oracle Supports all Types of High Availability Features

Oracle Flashback
Easily recover from a logical data corruption
What to do when a transaction has gone wrong?
• Wrong update / insert / delete
• Typical restore operations:
• Write a counter transaction if possible
- Hard for updates, impossible for deletes
• Restore from backup
- Note 1: Replicas have already received the update
- Note 2: Restore needs to consider dependencies
- Solution: A painful point-in-time recovery
(applied to each replica, if used)
• Oracle’s inherent solution: Oracle Flashback
• Integrated with Oracle Data Guard
@T2 Col-1 Col-.. Col-n
Row-1 tom 1234 vp
Row-2 ben 8834 vp
Row-3 charlie 9837 vp
Row-n tom 8793 vp
@T1 Col-1 Col-.. Col-n
Row-1 abby 1234 officer
Row-2 ben 8834 mgr
Row-3 Charlie 9837 officer
Row-n tom 8793 vp Wrong
Update
Flashback
Table
15

• Oracle Multitenant means self-contained,
Pluggable Databases (PDBs) providing
- Rapid deployment with Hot Clone
- Refresh / incremental refresh
- Relocation with no downtime
- PDB upgrades (using plug / unplug)
• PDBs enable transparent, simplified online
lifecycle operations for any application
• PDBs speed up database migration to
new container databases (in the cloud)
Oracle Multitenant
Architecture for database consolidation & optimized lifecycle operations
16
Pricing Retail
CRM

A Typical Database Lifecycle – Managed Online with Oracle Multitenant
Creation /
New Version
Clone for
Testing
Clone for
Integration
Production
• Rapid deployment with Hot Clone
• Refresh / incremental refresh
• Relocation with no downtime
• PDB upgrades (using plug / unplug)

Online Operations
• DBMS_REDEFINITION allows you to reorganize and redefine tables online
• Track changes to enable fast rollback to prior definition
• Entire redefinition process runs without acquiring Exclusive DDL lock
11.2 & Prior Create index online, rebuild index online, rebuild index partition online
Add Column, Add Constraint enable novalidate
12.1 Online move partition
Drop index online
Set unused column online, alter column visible/invisible, alter index unusable online, alter index visible/invisible
alter index parallel/noparallel
12.2 Alter table move online for non-partitioned tables
Alter table from non-partitioned to partitioned online
Alter table split partition online
Create table for exchange (usable for online partition exchange)
Move/merge/split partition maintenance operations can now do data filtering
18.1, 19c Alter table modify partitioned table to a different partitioning method (e.g., hash to range)
Alter table merge partition/subpartition online

Oracle Real Applications Clusters (RAC)
Constantly improving scalability and HA to protect your data automatically and faster
• Oracle Grid Infrastructure
• Oracle Clusterware
• Oracle ASM
• Oracle ACFS
• UCP and OCI Connection Load Balancing
• Runtime load balancing
• Database Reliability Framework
• Scalable Sequences
• Continuous Application Availability
• Oracle RAC Sharding
• Cluster Health Advisor
• Service Oriented Buffer Cache Access
• Transparent Application Continuity
• Commit Cache Messaging
• Undo Block RDMA Reads
• Automatic Hang Resolution
• Application Continuity (AC)
• Recovery Buddy
• LMS Recovery Slaves
• Node Weighting
• Higher Priority for LMS
• PDB Service Isolation
12c
18c
• Co-Location Tag for client routing
• Dynamic Service Fallback Option
• RAC Runtime Resource Management
• Threaded Cache Fusion Processes
• Right-Growing Index
Performance improvements
• In-Memory Transaction Table
20c
• Optimized Broadcast on Commit
• Zero downtime GI Patching
• RDMA for Current Read Blocks
• Fault Tolerant Cache Fusion
• Near Zero Brownout for
Planned Maintenance
• Automatic PDB Placement of PDB
Resources
• Undo Header RDMA Reads
19c
11.2
Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates19

Oracle RAC – Rolling Patching Support
Starting with Oracle Database 18c a release lifecycle includes:
• Base release – e.g. 19.3
• Release Updates (RU) – e.g. 19.6
- Rolling Patching -enabled in RAC
• Release Update Revisions (RUR)
- Rolling Patching -enabled in RAC
• OneOff patches, minor patches as needed
- Rolling Patching -enabled in RAC*
• RAC supports Rolling Patching for all patches within a given release – e.g. Oracle Database 19c

“If you have not looked into the
New Generation Oracle RAC 19c
yet, you have not experienced what
Oracle RAC can do for you.”
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/clustering
/overview/new-generation-oracle-rac-5975370.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/AnilNair27/oracle-rac-new-generation
21
ORACLE
AUTONOMOUS
DATABASE

Application Continuity
Protect your applications from any interruption
Application outage protection
• For planned & unplanned outages
• System outage protection alone does not
ensure applications are uninterrupted
• Application Continuity continues reads
and replays in-flight database transactions
• 100% transparent to the users and
applications – fully automatic
• Unique to Oracle!
• Available with Oracle RAC and Active Data Guard
• Default on Oracle Autonomous Database

Choose the right flavor for your application
23
Transparent Application
Continuity
works without Oracle pools, some
decisions are made for you
uses Oracle pools, customizable

ACchk
Protection Report when needed
Outage Type Status Message
Coverage checks
TotalRequest = 1088
PASS = 1084
WARNING = 1
FAIL = 3
FAIL
Trace file name = db1_ora_30467.trc Line number of Request start = 1409 Request number = 6
SERVICE NAME = (srv_auto_pdb1) MODULE NAME = (SQL*Plus) ACTION NAME = () CLIENT ID = ()
Coverage(%) = 12 Protected Calls = 1 Unprotected Calls = 7
Row number of the last call before DISABLED : 1422, Disable reason : ORA-41429
WARNING
Trace file name = CDB12_ora_321597.trc Line number of Request start = 653 Request number = 1
SERVICE NAME = (PDB1_tp.cloud.com) MODULE NAME = (JDBC Thin Client) ACTION NAME = () CLIENT ID = ()
FAIL
SERVICE NAME = (PDB1_tp.cloud.com) MODULE NAME = (SQL*Plus) ACTION NAME = () CLIENT ID = ()
FAIL
SERVICE NAME = (PDB1_tp.cloud.com) MODULE NAME = (JDBC Thin Client) ACTION NAME = () CLIENT ID = ()
PASS Report containing checks that passed: /scratch/nfs/acchk/orachk_dbj14_091119_10491/reports/acchk_scorecard_pass.html
Disable Reason
ORA-41429: side effect detected

Autonomous Database Means Oracle RAC on Exadata
Autonomous
Database
Automated
Data Center Operations
Oracle Cloud
1. https://www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz/oracle-rac19c-the-basis-for-the-autonomous-database
2. https://www.oracle.com/a/otn/docs/oracle-rac-cache-fusion-performance-optimization-on-exadata-wp.pdf

Automating and Optimizing Database Infrastructure
Engineered Systems provide a differentiated platform to build upon
27
• Smart Scan
• Infiniband Scale-Out
• Database Aware Flash Cache
• Storage Indexes
• Hybrid Columnar Data
• IO Priorities
• Data Mining Offload
• Offload Decryption
• Direct-to-wire Protocol
• JSON and XML offload
• Instant failure detection
• Network Resource Mgmt
• Prioritized File Recovery
• In-Memory Columnar in Flash
• Smart Fusion Block Transfer
• Exadata Cloud Service
2008
2018
2020

Persistent
Memory In
Exadata X8M
Continuing Tradition of
State-of-the-Art Hardware
Copyright © 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
https://www.doag.org/formes/pubfiles/11860637/2019-Infra-Gavin_Parish-
Persistent_Memory_Revolutionizing_the_Modern_Database-Praesentation.pdfCopyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates

Converged Database
Use Cases are Converging
Phone calls, messaging, photos, etc. originally
required separate products
• Now they are features of Smartphones
Similarly, ML, JSON, Blockchain, etc. originally
required separate databases
• Now they are features of a Converged Database

Use Cases are Converging for Good Reasons
Developers innovate faster on a converged database
It is dramatically simpler for developers to invoke extended SQL to execute ML, graph, spatial,
blockchain, IoT, etc. in one converged database
Instead of implementing distributed execution and data movement across multiple fragmented
databases
30
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
GraphMLDoc Spatial Reporting

Oracle Converged Database for Better Availability
Distributed execution and data movement create a chain as strong as the weakest link
31
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS

Distributed Solutions don’t change Availability Requirements
Distributed solutions (not distributed databases) are as strong as their weakest component
Distributed solutions distribute responsibility.
• Example: Microservices
• One task can use n Microservices
• HA is usually provided by duplication, leading
to retry delays if needed
• Highly available Microservices increase response
time and customer satisfaction
32
Microservices

Multitenant / PDBs
Microservices in logically separate
databases, easily consolidated /
separated
Oracle’s Flexible Set of Solutions
33
Converged Oracle Database
with different functionality offered
via Microservices
Oracle Database
with Oracle Sharding
Microservices hosted in
independent, highly available
databases (a.k.a. shards)

Linear Scalability
Add shards online to increase
database size and throughput.
Online split and rebalance.
Extreme Availability
Shared-nothing hardware
architecture. Fault of one shard
has no impact on others.
Geographic Distribution
User defined data placement for
performance, availability, DR or to
meet regulatory requirements.
…
…
…
…
Some large scale applications want to shard data across independent databases and are willing to modify
the application to do so and for getting the benefits listed above.
Oracle Sharding for a New Generation of Applications
https://www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz/oracle-sharding-18c-technical-overview

4
35
Summary

Use HA Features Independently or in Combination
36
Oracle Multitenant /
Pluggable Databases
Database
Hang Manager /
Inherent database
HA Features
Active Data Guard
Real Application Clusters (RAC)
& Oracle Sharding
https://www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz/best-practices-for-the-
most-impactful-oracle-database-18c-and-19c-features

37
Sound foundation Increase HA & Scalability Protect from Disasters
time
sales/growth
Improve HA as Demand Requires it

Improve ROI with Oracle’s Active / Active HA Features
HA & Scalability Protect from Disasters Active / Active HA
time
sales/growth
Value Add

Updates on Standby – a.k.a. Read / Write Replicas
Official feature name: DML Redirect
• Updates on Standby are automatically performed from
an Active Data Guard standby to the primary database
without compromising ACID
• New documented parameter ADG_REDIRECT_DML controls DML Redirection
• New alter session ADG_REDIRECT_DML allows for per-session override
• New ADG_REDIRECT_PLSQL commands
• Supported with Oracle Database 19c
• Targeted for “Read-Mostly,
Occasional Updates” applications

40
Recovery Appliance
Continuous backups for
optimized minimum
protection
Oracle Database
Appliance (ODA)
High Availability backed
by simplicity
Oracle Exadata Database
Machine
Quintessence of an
Engineered System
Generic Hardware
Simple redundancy
based availability
Choose the Right Deployment Platform – Integration Matters!

Recovery Appliance – Recommended
Cloud
Storage
Remote
Replica
Tape
End-to-End Oracle Recovery Validation
Near Zero Data Loss for DR
Day 1 Full
a
Day 2 Changes
Day N Changes
Virtual
Full Backup
EM Real-Time
Protection Status
& Space Monitoring
Day 1 StateDay 2 StateDay N State
Databases
Transactional
Block Changes
No More Full Backups,
Incremental Forever
Oracle DB 12c-19c
on Any Platform

Oracle Database Runs Better on ODA
42
 Engineered Appliance: Full-Convergence (HW and SW) at every level of the stack
• Tight integration of all Oracle hardware, firmware, OS, database, and applications
• Purpose-built and optimized hardware configurations to run Oracle Database
• Run Application-Tier using Virtualization
 Designed by Oracle Database Engineering: Optimized appliance for Oracle Database
• Best practices built into configurations and database deployments:
• Automatic Storage Management, Oracle Clusterware (HA model only)
• Integrated Lifecycle Management using “Appliance Manager”
• HA for both Enterprise and Standard Edition databases:
• Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) and Standard Edition High Availability (SEHA)
• Integrated backup to the Oracle Cloud and Disaster Recovery with Data Guard:
• Single command deployment of Data Guard between two ODAs
• Built-in End-to-End Security, Data Resilience, and Data Protection

ODA Appliance Manager
System and database lifecycle management: provisioning, patching, disaster recovery, diagnostics
43
Simplified Deployment and Database Provisioning
• Configures Compute, Storage, Networking, OS, High Availability, RAC, GI, etc.
• Configures database based on Oracle’s best practices for various workloads: OLTP,
DW, Analytics
Simplified Patching
• Single patch for entire stack: database, OS, firmware
• Oracle thoroughly tests the entire stack and interoperability
Simplified Disaster Recovery
• Integrated Data Guard configuration and failover
• Automatic backup to Oracle Cloud, to local FRA (Fast Recovery Area), or to NFS
(Network File System) Storage
Simplified Diagnostics
• Automatically configures ASR (Automatic Service Requests)
• Gathers all relevant hardware and software logs and produces single bundle for
support to triage issues
• Integrated ORAchk

Use the Same Architecture On-Premises and in the Cloud
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure is the only cloud designed to run mission critical Oracle workload
44
time
sales/growth
C@C

Maximize Your Mission Critical Oracle Investments
HA / DR technology and licenses are portable between on-premises and OCI configurations
Capability Benefits On-premises
BYOL to Oracle
Cloud Platform
Database MAA Best practices for protecting Oracle Databases
Real Application
Clusters (RAC)
Maximize availability, add horizontal scalability,
and uniquely ensure transaction integrity
Active Data
Guard (ADG)
Create, maintain, manage, and monitor one or
more standby databases to enable production
Oracle databases to survive disasters and data
corruptions
GoldenGate
Maintain continuous uptime for critical
applications during planned and unplanned
outages
Multitenant
Manages many databases as one, providing
centralized control of HA and Disaster Recovery
Sharding
Scale sharding-aware applications across
independent databases (shards) for extreme
availability and/or geographical distribution
“Organizations are left
potentially exposed when
their heritage disaster
recovery plans designed for
traditional systems have
not been reviewed with new
hybrid infrastructures in
mind.”
Gartner Identifies the Top 10 Trends
Impacting Infrastructure and
Operations for 2020

4
46
Summary

“Oracle Makes
Modern Database Architectures
Scalable, Available, Secure”
47
CI/CD – Online Redefine
Microservices - Pluggable
Distributed Data - Sharding
Defense in Depth –
Declarative Security
For an overview of all contributing features see:
http://oracle.com/goto/HA
24 7

More Information
Summary of references provided in this presentation
• Oracle RAC related:
• https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/clustering/overview/new-generation-oracle-rac-5975370.pdf
• https://www.slideshare.net/AnilNair27/oracle-rac-new-generation
• https://www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz/oracle-rac19c-the-basis-for-the-autonomous-database
• Oracle Exadata related:
• https://www.oracle.com/a/otn/docs/oracle-rac-cache-fusion-performance-optimization-on-exadata-wp.pdf
• https://www.doag.org/formes/pubfiles/11860637/2019-Infra-
Gavin_Parish_Persistent_Memory_Revolutionizing_the_Modern_Database-Praesentation.pdf
• Oracle Sharding related:
• https://www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz/oracle-sharding-18c-technical-overview
• General High Availability features:
• https://www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz/best-practices-for-the-most-impactful-oracle-database-18c-and-19c-
features
• http://oracle.com/goto/HA

49
Thank you
Markus Michalewicz (Markus.Michalewicz@oracle.com)
Senior Director of Product Management
@KnownAsMarkus
www.linkedin.com/in/markusmichalewicz
www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz

Our mission is to help people
see data in new ways, discover insights,
unlock endless possibilities.

Oracle Database – Mission Critical

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