This document discusses the top 5 reasons to deploy applications on Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC). It discusses how RAC provides: 1. Developer productivity through transparency that allows developers to focus on application code without worrying about high availability or scalability. 2. Integrated scalability for both applications and database features through techniques like parallel execution and cache fusion that allow linear scaling. 3. Seamless high availability for the entire application stack through capabilities like fast reconfiguration times and zero data loss that prevent application outages. 4. Isolated consolidation for converged use cases through features like pluggable database isolation that allow secure sharing of hardware resources. 5. Full flexibility to choose deployment options

1. The Top 5 Reasons to Deploy
Your Applications on Oracle RAC
A presentation for developers, DBAs, and managers
Markus Michalewicz
Vice President of Product Management
Oracle Database High Availability | Scalability | MAA
@KnownAsMarkus
www.linkedin.com/in/markusmichalewicz
www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz
Anil Nair
Sr. Principal Product Manager
Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) & ASM
@RACMasterPM
http://www.linkedin.com/in/anil-nair-01960b6
http://www.slideshare.net/AnilNair27/

2. Oracle Database – more ideas: https://blogs.oracle.com/exadata/horizontal-scaling-with-oracle-database
Scalability and High Availability Choices – Simplified Overview
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Standbys
Native Sharding
(Active) Data Guard /
Read Replicas
Real Application Clusters (RAC) /
RAC One Node

3. 1. Developer Productivity (due to transparency)
2. Integrated Scalability (for applications and features)
3. Seamless High Availability (for the stack)
4. Isolated Consolidation (for converged use cases)
5. Full Flexibility (choose ”when”, “where”, and “how”)
The Top 5 Reasons to Deploy Your Applications on Oracle RAC
Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
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4. 1. Developer Productivity (due to transparency)
2. Integrated Scalability (for applications and features)
3. Seamless High Availability (for the stack)
4. Isolated Consolidation (for converged use cases)
5. Full Flexibility (choose ”when”, “where”, and “how”)
The Top 5 Reasons to Deploy Your Applications on Oracle RAC
Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
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5. For connectivity, scalability, and seamless high availability starting with Oracle DB 12c Rel. 2
ALIAS =(DESCRIPTION =
(CONNECT_TIMEOUT=90) (RETRY_COUNT=20)(RETRY_DELAY=3) (TRANSPORT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT=3)
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(LOAD_BALANCE=on)
( ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST=primary-scan)(PORT=1521)))
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(LOAD_BALANCE=on)
( ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST=secondary-scan)(PORT=1521)))
(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME = MyService)))
It starts with The TNS Connector String
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Replication
For Single
Instance DBs
use single
host name
Use second
entry only if Data
Guard is used
Empirically determined
recommended values
https://www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz/asktom-how-to-make-and-test-your-application-oracle-rac-ready

6. Using Oracle RAC, developers don’t need to worry about:
• Connecting against the “right instance”
• Database services guide connections to the right database / instance.
• Client-side and server-side load balancing distribute workload.
• Scaling
• Nodes can transparently be removed from or added to the cluster.
• Nodes can have different CPU / memory capacity (in ranges).
• Parallelism – Parallel Execution can be set application independently.
• Availability
• No coding for failures, retries or failed “in-flight” / uncommitted transactions (optional with AC).
Once Connected, Developers can go Straight to Work
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7. Example: Hang Manager
• Available since Oracle Database 11g (11.1.0.7)
• Enabled by default
• Reliably detects database hangs
• Including cross-layer hangs between ASM & DB
• Automatically resolves hangs with
• “normal” (default) sensitivity
• “high” sensitivity – more alert to sessions waiting
• Supports QoS Performance Classes,
Ranks and Policies to maintain SLAs
• Logs all detected deadlocks (*18c), hangs & their resolution
• Hang Manager 12.2+ auto-tunes itself by periodically
collecting instance- and cluster-wide hang statistics
Automatically Benefit from inherent Oracle Database Features
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Session
EVALUATE
DETECT
ANALYZE
Hung?
QoS
Policy
VERIFY
Victim

8. Use Advanced Queuing (AQ)
• DBMS_PIPE can be used with
Oracle RAC, but application
changes required to make it
work outweigh benefits.
• Use Advanced Queuing (AQ)
instead, especially starting
with Oracle Database 19c.
Use Scalable Sequences
• Use non-ordered & cached
sequences if sequences are
used to generate primary
key. (Alternatives possible).
• Use Scalable Sequences
(new in 18c)
Avoid write contention
• Frequent transactional
changes to the same / small
data set in all instances may
result in “write hot spots”.
• Some derivation of this
occurrence is likely the
reason for a less than
expected scaling results.
• SQL optimization yields the
highest improvement rate,
especially for new workloads
and newly developed apps.
Optimize for New Applications
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NUM
INC1()
Sequence
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/clustering/overview/racappdevbp-3124851.pdf

9. 1. Developer Productivity (due to transparency)
2. Integrated Scalability (for applications and features)
3. Seamless High Availability (for the stack)
4. Isolated Consolidation (for converged use cases)
5. Full Flexibility (choose ”when”, “where”, and “how”)
The Top 5 Reasons to Deploy Your Applications on Oracle RAC
Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
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10. Due to its market leading Cache Fusion algorithm, Oracle RAC scales
1. any feature – e.g. Pluggable Databases, Oracle In-Memory and Oracle Data Guard
2. most enterprise applications – e.g. Ebusiness Suite, SAP, Oracle Hospitality
3. nearly all custom applications as used by many of Oracle’s >18000 RAC customers
• Without the need for significant application changes
• Especially on Oracle Exadata Database Machines
RAC Scales the Most Complex Enterprise Workloads Nearly Linearly
Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
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0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
4 8 32 48 64 80
2035
4010
15520
22416
30016
37040
# of Cores across Oracle RAC Nodes
Users
2 Nodes
3 Nodes
4 Nodes
5 Nodes
SAP certified SD Benchmark results

11. Oracle RAC scales OLTP, DWH, and hybrid (transactional & analytical processing) workloads
Customer-Proven Scalability for all Types of Workloads
List is selective
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12. PayPal Database Requirements
Scalability Performance
Availability
Oracle RAC
• Scale within an
RAC Instance
• Scale by adding
RAC Instances
• Rolling Upgrades
with
Zero Downtime
WebCast replay: https://youtu.be/g-xz9C2IEvU

13. • Real Application
Clusters (RAC)
• Cache Fusion
9i
• Connection Load Balancing
• Load Balancing Advisory
• Cluster Managed Services
• Automatic Storage
Management (ASM)
10g
• Universal Connection Pool (UCP)
• Distributed Transactions (XA)
• Affinity Locking and Read-Mostly Objects
• Parallel Execution Optimizations
• Reader Bypass locking
11g
• Session Affinity
• PDB & Services Isolation
• Leaf Block Split Optimizations
• Multithreaded Cache Fusion
• Self-Tuning LMS
• Service-Oriented
Buffer Cache
12c
• Co-Location Tag for client routing
• RAC Runtime Resource Management
• Threaded Cache Fusion Processes
• Right-Growing Index
Performance improvements
• In-Memory Transaction Table
• Undo Block RDMA Reads
19c
• RAC Sharding
• Scalable Sequences
• Undo RDMA-Read
• Commit Cache
18c
• Optimized Broadcast on Commit
• RDMA for Current Read Blocks
21c
For best scalability (so far)
Use Oracle RAC 19c and later
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14. Example: out of the box scalable and dynamic data access
• RAC scales to 100+ instances although in practice a
much smaller number of instances is sufficient
• Cache Fusion: Highly optimized data shipping for OLTP
• Dynamically chooses the optimal path for data access:
Local cache access in Nanoseconds
Block shipping from remote cache in Microseconds
Storage IO in Microseconds (Flash) or Milliseconds (Disk)
• Data access latency does not grow with size of cluster
• Function shipping via Parallel Execution (described next)
for complex analytics or batch operations
Oracle RAC with Cache Fusion – Always Ahead of its Time
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1
3
2
Buffer Cache
RAC Instance 2
Consolidated
pool of storage
RAC Instance 1
Buffer Cache
1 3
2

15. Oracle Parallel Execution Optimizations
• Parallel (query) execution maximizes utilization of all available CPU cores (in the RAC cluster)
• A coordinator process allocates a background server processes that execute the statement in parallel
• Completely transparent to the application
Parallel Execution for Scaling-Out Processing
Scale-Up
Parallel servers can run within the same instance
to maximize host CPU utilization
Scale-Out
Parallel servers can also run across across multiple Oracle
RAC instances to utilize CPUs across multiple hosts
Parallel Server Processes
(same instance)
Parallel Server Processes
(local instance)
Parallel Server Processes
(local instance)
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16. Example: utilize RDMA for
• Propagating BoC (Broadcast on Commit)
• Reduce messages
• Reduce CPU usage on LMS
• Current read blocks
• Very common access pattern in various workloads
• Commit Cache messaging
• Results in reduced load on LMS from remote node
• Undo block RDMA reads
• https://www.slideshare.net/AnilNair27/oracle-rac-features-on-exadata
Oracle RAC Integration and Optimization on Exadata
Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
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17. 1. Developer Productivity (due to transparency)
2. Integrated Scalability (for applications and features)
3. Seamless High Availability (for the stack)
4. Isolated Consolidation (for converged use cases)
5. Full Flexibility (choose ”when”, “where”, and “how”)
The Top 5 Reasons to Deploy Your Applications on Oracle RAC
Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
17

18. Upgrading to Oracle RAC 19c and later Improves Availability
Multiple projects and features contribute to Zero Brownout Reconfiguration
18c
19c
11.2
12c
4x
faster
7x
faster
Oracle RAC reconfiguration times reduced by
• 4x between Oracle RAC 11.2.0.4 and 12 Rel. 2
• 7x between Oracle RAC 11.2.0.4 and 19c
Selection of contributing features:
• Remastering Slaves (*12.1)
• Support for 100 LMS’s (*12.2)
• More Dynamic Remastering (*19c)
• More Reconfig Optimizations (*19c)
• Fault Tolerant Cache Fusion (*20c)
• Near Zero Brownout for
Planned Maintenance (*20c)
• Automatic PDB Placement of PDB
Resources (*20c)
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19. ORACLE RAC – Zero Downtime
Zero Downtime with RAC Rolling Patches
Out of Box <10 sec
Optimized DRM
Reconfiguration Brownout times

20. Developers: protect your applications from any interruption
Application outage protection
• For planned maintenance & unplanned outages
• System outage protection alone does not
ensure applications are uninterrupted
• Application Continuity preserves session state &
replays in-flight database transactions and reads
• 100% transparent to the users and
applications – fully automatic
• Unique to Oracle!
• Available with Oracle RAC and Active Data Guard
• Default on Oracle Autonomous Database
Application Continuity
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21. Choose the right flavor for your application
Application Continuity
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Transparent Application
Continuity
works with & without Oracle pools,
some decisions are made for you
Application Continuity
uses Oracle pools, customizable
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/clustering/applicationcontinuity/learnmore/cvc-application-continuity-5393298.pdf

22. Reports the Protection Provided by Application Continuity
ACchk
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Disable Reason
ORA-41429: side effect detected
Disable Reason
ORA-41412: REPLAY_FAILED
Action Required
Disable Reason
ORA-41409: commit

23. Oracle Clusterware protects all kinds of applications
Oracle Clusterware – the Foundation for Oracle RAC and More
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24. Database Reliability Framework | Autonomous Health Framework
Adaptive Protection
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http://oracle.com/goto/ahf
https://www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz/best-practices-for-the-most-impactful-oracle-database-18c-and-19c-features

25. 1. Developer Productivity (due to transparency)
2. Integrated Scalability (for applications and features)
3. Seamless High Availability (for the stack)
4. Isolated Consolidation (for converged use cases)
5. Full Flexibility (choose ”when”, “where”, and “how”)
The Top 5 Reasons to Deploy Your Applications on Oracle RAC
Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
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26. Converged Database
Use Cases are Converging
26 Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
Phone calls, messaging, photos, etc.
originally required separate products
• Now they are features of Smartphones
Similarly, ML, JSON, Blockchain, etc.
originally required separate databases
• Now they are features of a Converged Database

27. Use Cases are Converging for Good Reasons
Developers innovate faster on a converged database
It is dramatically simpler for developers to invoke extended SQL to execute ML, graph, spatial,
blockchain, IoT, etc. in one converged database
Instead of implementing distributed execution and data movement across multiple
fragmented databases
27
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
EVENT
RPC
ETL
REPLICATION
DB LINKS
Graph
ML
Doc Spatial Reporting
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28. Protect and scale converged workloads
Oracle Multitenant & Oracle RAC
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DOC Reporting
Spatial
https://www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz/oracle-database-mission-critical

29. Available since Oracle RAC 12.2 and constantly improved ever since
• Prevents “noisy neighbors” from affecting others with unnecessary chatter
• Prevents instance failures hosting singleton-only PDBs from affecting other instances
PDB Isolation in Oracle RAC
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NodeA
Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Oracle RAC
NodeB
Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Oracle RAC
cons_1 cons_2
MSG
NodeA
Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Oracle RAC
NodeB
Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Oracle RAC
cons_1 cons_2
✔
29

30. Manage consolidation costs
Flexible & Cost-Effective Consolidation with Oracle Multitenant
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9 PDBs in one CDB –
requires Multitenant Option
3 PDBs (per CDB)
free of charge
with Oracle Database EE
3 Container Databases (CDB)
with 3 PDBs each on 1 server

31. 1. Developer Productivity (due to transparency)
2. Integrated Scalability (for applications and features)
3. Seamless High Availability (for the stack)
4. Isolated Consolidation (for converged use cases)
5. Full Flexibility (choose ”when”, “where”, and “how”)
The Top 5 Reasons to Deploy Your Applications on Oracle RAC
Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
31

32. 32
Sound foundation Increase HA & Scalability Protect from Disasters
time
sales
/
growth
Improve HA as Demand Requires it
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33. Managers: Oracle Database + Oracle RAC Option provide endless possibilities
Combine as Needed
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Replication
Real Application Clusters (RAC) RAC Sharding
RAC + Data Guard
https://blogs.oracle.com/exadata/horizontal-scaling-with-oracle-database

34. Deploy the Same Solutions On-Premises and in the Cloud
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure is the only cloud certified and support for Oracle RAC
34
time
sales
/
growth
C@C
Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates

35. 1. Developer Productivity (due to transparency)
2. Integrated Scalability (for applications and features)
3. Seamless High Availability (for the stack)
4. Isolated Consolidation (for converged use cases)
5. Full Flexibility (choose ”when”, “where”, and “how”)
The Top 5 Reasons to Deploy Your Applications on Oracle RAC
Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
35
S
u
m
m
a
r
y

36. Oracle RAC is a proven, highly available, scalable, Oracle Cloud-native database solution
Summary – The Reason to Deploy Your Applications on Oracle RAC
Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
36
ORACLE
AUTONOMOUS
DATABASE “If you have not looked into the New
Generation Oracle RAC 19c yet, you
have not experienced what Oracle
RAC can do for you.”
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database
/options/clustering/overview/new-generation-
oracle-rac-5975370.pdf

37. 37 Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
Thank you
Markus Michalewicz (Markus.Michalewicz@oracle.com)
Vice President of Database Product Management
@KnownAsMarkus
www.linkedin.com/in/markusmichalewicz
www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz

38. Our mission is to help people see
data in new ways, discover insights,
unlock endless possibilities.