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1
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Operations Management, 11e (Krajewski et al.)
Chapter 7: Project Management
7.1 Defining and Organzing Projects
1) A project is an interrelated set of activities that has a definite starting and ending point.
Answer: TRUE
Reference: Defining and Organizing Projects
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: project activities, start, end
Learning Outcome: Describe the goals and stages of project management.
AACSB: Application of Knowledge
2) Projects often cut across organizational lines.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: project, organizational lines
3) Projects, and the application of project management, facilitate the implementation of
operations strategy.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: project management, operations strategy
4) Project managers should be able to organize a set of disparate activities.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
Keywords: project manager, disparate activities
5) A pure project organizational structure houses the project in a specific functional area.
Answer: FALSE
Keywords: pure project, functional structure

2
6) Scope creep is one of the primary causes of project failure.
Answer: TRUE
Keywords: scope creep, project failure
7) The project's objective statement should contain:
A) slack time and activities.
B) scope, time frame, and allocated resources.
C) strengths and weaknesses of subcontractors.
D) activities, completion times, and incentives.
Answer: B
Keywords: project objective statement, scope
8) A project organization structure where team members are assigned to the project and work
exclusively for the project manager is called:
A) a matrix structure.
B) a fixed structure.
C) a pure project structure.
D) a functional structure.
Answer: C
Keywords: project, organizational structure
9) A(n) ________ is an interrelated set of activities that has a definite starting and ending point
and that results in a unique outcome for a specific allocation of resources.
Answer: project
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: project activities

3
10) Heidi was part of a project team that retained their roles within the organization and was on
loan to the project due to her technical expertise. In effect, she reported to two bosses, one in her
functional area and also to the project manager. Heidi is operating within a(n) ________
organizational structure.
Answer: matrix
Keywords: matrix
11) What are the primary responsibilities of a Project Manager? Briefly describe these
responsibilities for a project manager whose team is purchasing a new machine and installing it
in a manufacturing process.
Answer: Best answers will include the following points, describing the manager's role in the
purchase and installation of the new machine: 1. Facilitator: resolves conflicts; leads with a
system view; blends project interaction, resources and deliverables with firm as a whole; 2.
Communicator: informs senior management and other stakeholders of project's progress and
need for additional resources; communicates with project team to achieve best performance; 3.
Decision Maker: organize team meetings; define how team decisions will be made; determine
how to communicate to senior management; make tough decisions if necessary.
Keywords: project manager, selecting
12) What characteristics should be considered when selecting project team members? Briefly
describe these characteristics for members of a project team assigned to improve a teller's job in
a bank.
Answer: Best answers should include the following in the context on the job improvement
project: 1. Technical Competence: capable of completing activities assigned to them; 2.
Sensitivity: to interpersonal conflicts within the team; help mitigate these issues and any
problems dealing with upper level management; 3. Dedication: capable of solving problems
outside immediate expertise by involving others as needed; display persistence and initiative for
completing the project in a timely fashion.
Keywords: project team member, selecting

4
7.2 Constructing Project Networks
1) The work breakdown structure is a statement of all work that has to be completed.
Answer: TRUE
Reference: Constructing Project Networks
Keywords: WBS, work breakdown structure
2) The network diagram is a planning method that is designed to depict the relationships between
activities.
Answer: TRUE
Keywords: network diagram, activities
3) A relationship that determines the sequence for undertaking activities is a precedence
relationship.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: precedence relationship
4) In a network diagram, an activity:
A) is the largest unit of work effort consuming both time and resources that a project manager
can schedule and control.
B) is the smallest unit of work effort consuming both time and resources that a project manager
can schedule and control.
C) should always be something the company has had experience with.
D) must always have a single, precise estimate for the time duration.
Answer: B
Keywords: activity, smallest unit of work

5
5) Activity times for a project are estimated by all but which of the following methods?
A) the use of dowsing rods.
B) managerial opinions based on similar prior experiences
C) statistical methods based on actual past experience
D) estimates using learning curve models to improve replications and estimate accuracy
Answer: A
Keywords: activity times, estimating activity times
6) The ________ is a statement of all work that has to be completed.
Answer: work breakdown structure (WBS)
Keywords: WBS, work breakdown structure
7) ________ determines the sequence for undertaking activities.
Answer: Precedence relationship
Keywords: precedence relationship, sequence of activities
8) Following the project defining and organizing phase, project planning involves five steps. List
and briefly describe these five planning steps as applied to writing a term paper for an Operations
Management class.
Answer: The following points should be included in the best answers: 1. Define the work
breakdown structure: develop a list of all work to be completed on the project; 2. Diagram the
network: develop a PERT/CPM diagram showing all activities and precedence requirements for
the project; 3. Develop the schedule: define the project's critical path, duration, and earliest and
latest start and finish times for each activity; 4. Analyze cost–time trade-offs: determine normal
time and costs for the project, as well as crash time and costs; using project crashing techniques,
find a minimum cost schedule for completing the project; 5. Assess project risks: develop a risk
management plan, including such areas as strategic fit, service/product attributes, team
capabilities and operations risks.
Keywords: project planning, steps

6
7.3 Developing the Project Schedule
1) A critical path is any sequence of activities between a project's start and finish.
Answer: FALSE
Reference: Developing the Project Schedule
Keywords: critical path activities
2) The earliest start time is never the same as the latest start time.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: earliest start time, latest start time
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
3) To obtain the latest start and latest finish time in a network diagram, we must work forward
through the network.
Answer: FALSE
Keywords: latest start time, latest finish time
4) A Gantt chart is a project schedule that superimposes project activities on a time line.
Answer: TRUE
Keywords: Gantt chart, project schedule
5) A project has three paths. A-B-C has a length of 25 days. A-D-C has a length of 15 days.
Finally, A-E-C has a length of 20 days. Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
A) A-D-C is the critical path.
B) A-B-C has the most slack.
C) The expected duration of this project is 25 days.
D) The expected duration of this project is 25 + 15 + 20 = 60 days.
Answer: C
Keywords: project, duration

7
6) The earliest start time for an activity is equal to the:
A) smallest earliest finish time of all of its immediate predecessors.
B) largest earliest finish time of all of its immediate predecessors.
C) smallest late start time of any of its immediate predecessors.
D) largest late finish time of all of its immediate predecessors.
Answer: B
Keywords: activity, earliest start time
7) Assume that activity G has the following times:
Early start time = 7 days
Early finish time = 13 days
Late start time = 15 days
Late finish time = 21 days
Which of the following statements is TRUE about activity G?
A) Activity G takes 14 days to complete.
B) Activity G has a slack time of 8 days.
C) Activity G is on the critical path.
D) Activity G takes 2 days to complete.
Answer: B
Keywords: activity slack
8) Activity slack is defined as:
A) latest start time minus earliest start time.
B) earliest start time minus latest start time.
C) earliest finish time minus latest finish time.
D) latest finish time minus earliest start time.
Answer: A
Keywords: activity slack, latest start time, earliest start time

8
9) Which one of the following best describes the critical path of a PERT/CPM network?
A) the sequence of activities between a project's start and finish that takes the longest time to
complete
B) the sequence of activities between a project's start and finish that has the maximum amount of
activity slack
C) the set of activities that has no precedence relationships
D) the sequence of activities that has the lowest normal activity cost
Answer: A
Keywords: critical path
Fig. 7.1
10) For the network shown in Fig. 7.1, which of the following is the critical path?
A) ABCDEF
B) ABEF
C) ACDF
D) ACEF
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: activity network, critical path

9
11) For the network shown in Fig. 7.1, what is the project duration?
A) 6
B) 15
C) 13
D) 14
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: activity network, critical path, duration

10
Figure to accompany Table 7.1
Table 7.1
Activity
Activity
Time
Earliest
Start
Earliest
Finish
Latest
Start
Latest
Finish Slack
A 2 0 0 2 0
B 1 2 3 3 4 1
C 3 2 5 2 5 0
D 7 3 10 4 11
E 3 5 8 11 3
F 5 11 5 11 0
G 4 11 15 11 15 0
12) Using the information shown in Table 7.1, what is the slack time for activity D?
A) 1
B) 4
C) 6
D) 7
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: activity, network, critical path, activity slack

11
13) Using the information shown in Table 7.1, what is the earliest finish time for activity A?
A) 0
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: activity network, critical path, earliest finish
14) Using the information shown in Table 7.1, what is the latest start time for activity E?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 8
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: activity network, critical path, latest start
15) Using the information shown in Table 7.1, what is the activity time for activity F?
A) 5
B) 11
C) 6
D) 1
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: activity network, critical path, activity time
16) Refer to the Figure to accompany Table 7.1. Which one of the following is the critical path?
A) ABDG
B) ABEG
C) ACEG
D) ACFG
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: activity network, critical path

12
17) Using the information shown in Table 7.1, what is the project duration?
A) 15
B) 14
C) 12
D) 10
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: activity network, critical path, duration
18) Fig. 7.2
Which one of the following statements regarding Figure 7.2 is TRUE?
A) Activity S cannot finish until activity T finishes.
B) Activity T cannot begin until activity U is completed.
C) Activity U cannot begin until activities S and T have been completed.
D) Activity V cannot begin until activity S has been completed.
Answer: C
Keywords: activity precedence
19) Which one of the following conditions violates the assumptions of PERT/CPM networks?
A) Some activities can have zero variance.
B) Costs increase linearly as activity time is reduced below its normal time.
C) Two activities tied together by an arc are overlapping and can be worked on simultaneously.
D) There can be more than one critical path in a network.
Answer: C
Keywords: assumption, PERT and CPM networks

13
20) The ________ is the sequence of activities between a project's start and finish that takes the
longest time to complete.
Answer: critical path
Keywords: critical path
21) ________ is the maximum length of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the
entire project.
Answer: Activity slack
22) Explain the importance of the critical path in project management.
Answer: The critical path of activities determines the time duration of the project. Any slippage
along the critical path means the project will be delayed. The critical path also defines the
activities requiring the team's attention and focus to assure timely and cost effective completion
of the project.
Keywords: project critical path
23) Why do managers want to know the slack of activities?
Answer: Managers monitor activity slack reports to identify activities that have fallen behind
schedule or are dangerously close to doing so. Also, activities with large amounts of slack might
afford a reduction in resources so that other activities behind schedule can catch up.

14
24) Draw the network corresponding to the following information. Also, complete the table,
identify the critical path, and specify project completion time.
Activity
Immediate
Predecessor(s)
Time
(Weeks)
A --- 3
B --- 4
C A 6
D B 9
E B 6
F C, D 6
G D, E 8
H G, F 9
Activity
Earliest
Start
Earliest
Finish
Latest
Start
Latest
Finish Slack
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Answer:

15
Activity
Earliest
Start
Earliest
Finish
Latest
Start
Latest
Finish Slack
A 0 3 6 9 6
B 0 4 0 4 0
C 3 9 9 15 6
D 4 13 4 13 0
E 4 10 7 13 3
F 13 19 15 21 2
G 13 21 13 21 0
H 21 30 21 30 0
Critical path is B—D—G—H, and project completion time is 30 weeks.
Keywords: early and late start and finish times, critical path, completion time

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We rounded the northern end of the island, which we had first seen,
and passing into a broad bay of water, began to beat down the
coast. The island was thickly wooded, and grapes and fruits in
abundance could be seen from the ship. In an hour's time we had
dropped anchor in a little sheltered cove, and firing our guns again,
put out several boats for the shore.
"The settlement is only about a mile away, through yon trees," said
White sorrowfully. "Some evil has befallen them, or they would have
answered long ere this."
I did not answer, for I knew he spoke the truth, and in silence we
rowed to the shore, accompanied by a strong party well armed with
swords and musketoons.
We began our journey through the trees and tangled vines to the
huts. It was hard work to keep the men in line; they had not felt the
firm sod under their feet in so long, that they were almost beside
themselves with glee. Twice we had to halt, while White and myself
with drawn swords drove them away from the grape vines, where
they had stopped, and back into line.
In front of the little column strode Manteo, hatchet in belt, his bow
in his hand, with eyes fixed upon what seemed to be a dim trail,
overgrown with grass and bushes; behind him walked White, sword
in hand, his back bent with anxiety. I followed, and behind me in
single file, trod the men, in dead silence, for the Indian knew not
what instant we would come upon hostile savages, and the
command had been given by White to march quickly and quietly.
The trail broadened here, and the chief stopped. Peering over
White's shoulder cautiously, I saw in front of me what seemed to be
a rough log stockade, some six or eight feet high, the walls pierced
for the guns of the settlers. Above the fence I could see the top of
several thatched huts, but no sound came from the settlement;
silence deep and unbroken reigned. Only the call of some strange
bird came to our ears. The Indian motioned to us to remain where

we were, and throwing himself flat upon the ground, he began to
crawl cautiously towards the settlement, taking advantage of every
tuft of grass, and log of wood. Finally he reached the wall and
disappeared from view.
It was several moments before he appeared again, gliding in silently
like a shadow. "Come," he said, and turning he walked toward the
fort, with us at his heels.
White had broken into a run, and had dashed past us through the
idly swinging gate, and I heard him shout, as he reached the inside.
He was rushing madly from hut to hut, searching each one eagerly,
and then passing on to the next, his gray locks floating in the
breeze. "Virginia!" he shouted, "Virginia! Come to Grandpa," and he
raised his voice again and again, and called the child. No answer—
only the taunting echo, "Virginia."
The settlement was deserted, and had evidently not been trodden
by the foot of the colonists for months. The cabins were bare and
uninhabited, with rotting floors, and sagging doors; the hearthstones
had been cold for long days. The colonists were gone, and had left
no trace behind them.
The old man, Governor White, had thrown himself upon the ground
in anguish, and lay with bared head on the grass. He did not move
when I approached him.
"Governor," I said, bending and touching him on the shoulder, "do
not despair. We will search the country; perhaps they have gone to
some more congenial spot, and even now await us. By inquiring
among the Indians, we may find some trace."
"No," he answered dully, "our agreement was that if they should
leave this spot they should carve upon some tree the name of the
place where they had gone, and if in distress, they should cut above
the name a cross—I find neither name nor cross. The little lass
would be just large enough to walk about and babble her childish
thoughts, so young and innocent, with curling locks and playful eyes.

And to become the prey of some cruel savage or ferocious beast, or
to die beneath the tomahawk, or at the stake," and he tore his gray
hair with his hands wildly.
"Come," I said, gently taking him by the hand, and lifting him from
the ground where he lay. "Thou must rest, and then we will begin
our search."
At that moment there arose a loud shout, and the party, which had
scattered in their search, all ran forward to where the Indian stood,
surrounded by a throng of the men. White broke loose from me and
ran at full speed to where they stood, I hot at his heels. Had Manteo
found a moldering body of some of the unfortunate colonists, or had
he discovered some token or message of their whereabouts?
Panting and breathless, I halted where the chief stood pointing to a
tree, the body of which had been stripped of its bark, and which
gleamed white and naked among its fellows. There, high up upon its
trunk, in well-cut letters, was carved the one word "Croatan."

CHAPTER XV
THE SEARCH FOR THE LOST COLONY
All day long, at the head of my little band of fifteen men, I had
pushed through the deep virgin forests. Rough, steady men they
were, well armed, with their musketoons upon their shoulders and
their flint and steel in their doublets, ready at a moment's notice to
fire upon the Indians. For the natives around the coast had proved
sullen and hostile, and not only had refused to give us any
information of the lost colony, but had fired a shower of arrows at
their questioners.
Some of our men had been left on the island as a garrison, and
White, with a strong party under the guidance of a friendly Indian,
had started in one direction, and I, with my little band under the
guidance of Manteo, had plunged into the forest in another. The two
other vessels would cast anchor in a few hours, and as soon as they
did so, several more parties would be organized, and the whole
country near the coast would be given, as far as possible, a
thorough search.
So now, with the Indian by my side, I strode steadily on; behind us,
on a pole, two of my men carried a buck that Manteo had brought
down with his bow only a little while before, and upon which we
were to sup. The last rays of the setting sun were falling through the
trees, and in a few minutes they would disappear, leaving us in
darkness among the silent forest, with its gloomy trees and painted
men. There was something oppressive in the thought; the men
behind me had ceased their chatter and jest, and like shadows softly
strode after us.
We finally reached a little grassy hillock, and here the Indian paused.
With a wave of his hand he said:

"Will the Eagle rest here to-night?"
"Yes, my brother," I answered. "It is a fair spot, and here we will
stop until the morrow," and turning to the waiting men, I bade them
throw aside their baggage and rest.
Posting two sentries, I cast myself beside the Indian upon the grass.
It had been long since I had taken such a jaunt as this, and my
limbs ached from the unaccustomed exertion. The scent of the
roasting venison floated up to my nostrils from where the men had
lighted a little fire, which, by the direction of the Indian, they had
kindled in a low depression, so that it could not be seen by any
prowling wanderer. The firelight played upon the rough, bronzed
faces of the men, and flashed from their swords and breastplates,
flickering upon the fierce features of Manteo as he lay in his paint
and feathers by my side, and upon my face as I watched the men.
Suddenly the Indian raised his hand and pointed to the west.
"Look, my brother," he said.
I followed his outstretched finger; there, far away from the depths of
the forest, twinkled a tiny light like a star, one moment it might be
seen, and then it would be lost for an instant—then lo! as we looked
it would rise again.
"What is it, Manteo?" I asked in surprise.
"'Tis the signal fire of some scout," he answered. "It may be that the
natives have discovered that we are advancing into their country,
and even now they send the news to their friends."
Only the cry of some wild beast of prey echoed from the forest, and
anon the mournful call of some strange bird. We were alone, cut off
from all civilization and the world. I looked around me; of how many
bloody struggles could not these dark glades tell, could they but
speak; how many black and gloomy secrets of war and massacre.
They had looked down for countless ages upon the roaming red

man, and the wild animals of the forest, but never until now had
they been trodden by the foot of civilized man.
The cheery shout of the men floated up to where we lay. They called
us to our evening meal, and descending the little hillock, we joined
them in their fierce attack upon the smoking venison. After we had
eaten our fill, Manteo and myself, lighting our pipes, strode out in
the moonlight; below us trickled a little spring, its waters clear as
crystal, and I followed the Indian down to drink of its pure waters.
He was bending over the moist earth in front of the spring, looking
down at the ground intently.
"What is it, Manteo?" I asked, noticing his strange conduct.
"It is the foot of some white squaw," he answered arising. "Let my
brother look."
I bent down—there, in the soft earth, was the impression of a little
shoe, dainty and small, as though its wearer had touched earth for a
moment here, as she bent to quaff the waters of the spring. It was
plainly the shoe of a patrician, a lady from its size. No Indian ever
wore such a shoe as that; it could have been made by no one but a
white woman, unless it was the track of a small child.
The Indian straightened himself up with a grunt.
"It is the beautiful one," he said gravely; "let my brother look."
I eyed him in wonder and astonishment. Was he daft that he should
make such a statement as this, and expect me to believe it? I had
received his declaration that this was the print of the shoe of a white
woman without question, but that he should go further, and say that
it was the shoe of one maid, and she the "beautiful one," as the
Indian with the poetry of his race called Margaret Carroll—
impossible!—I had left her safe in England, and we had seen no
vessel pass us.
So with fast-beating heart and bewildered brain, I turned to Manteo.

"How knowest thou that it is the beautiful one?" I asked. "'Tis but a
track, and might be that of any one of a thousand ladies."
"How canst thou know that the summer draweth nigh?" replied the
chief, his arms folded upon his brawny chest. "By the flowers. So
know I that the beautiful one has passed."
"It may be so," I answered incredulously. "We will follow the trail on
the morrow, be it who it may."
Manteo, his head bent near the earth, had traced what might have
been to him a trail, but, as I followed behind him, search as I would,
I could perceive nothing. 'Twas true that here a twig was bent, a tuft
of grass might have been stepped upon, but that could have been
the work of some deer or other wild animal as they trod by. The
Indian would turn here and there, now zigzagging from left to right,
now retracing his steps and starting afresh, his head ever bent near
the ground, scanning with his dark eye the earth.
Finally, after we had followed the faint track for some one hundred
yards he stopped, and with a guttural "Ugh!" pointed to the ground
again.
"Two white men passed this way four suns ago with the beautiful
one," he said. "And after them only on last eve, the pale one with a
red man hurried to overtake them." He straightened himself up in
the moonlight and looked at me.
"It is well, Manteo," I answered. "Shall we follow after them to-
night?"
"No, my brother," he replied. "The hearts of the men are faint within
them; to-morrow we will follow them." And with that he retraced his
steps to the camp, I by his side.
I dreamed that night that the Lady Margaret struggled with
Dunraven, and stretching out her hands, cried out for me to save
her. As I sprang forward to her aid, lo! with a start I awoke.

Something was struggling through the undergrowth near us; I could
hear the faint sound of the bushes as someone passed through them
—a stick crunched. An instant thus I lay, and listened to the faint
rustling sound, and then turning over, I touched the slumbering
Manteo, who lay next me, upon the shoulder. He started, and
cautiously peered around at me.
"What is it, my brother?" he whispered.
"Listen," I answered in the same low voice, "something is
approaching the camp."
The sentry upon this side of the camp now raised his musketoon.
"Halt!" he shouted loudly. "Halt, or I fire." And I could see him as,
flint and steel in hand, he stood ready to discharge his weapon.
There was a grunt from the bushes, and out of them strode a single
Indian brave. Manteo sprang up from the ground and rushed
forward toward him. "Do not hurt the warrior," he shouted to the
astonished sentry, who stood amazed at this red man, who had
come out so willingly from his concealment.
The strange warrior was holding something white in his upraised
hand. "'Tis for the Eagle," he grunted, and ignoring the others, he
stalked forward to where I lay and held out the paper to me.
Wonderingly I took the note from his hands and opened it. It was
from White and ran thus:
"My dear Sir Thomas:
"A friendly native informs me that a week ago a great white ship
cast anchor near the mainland, and from it there were put on
shore two pale men and a white squaw. From the description
which he gives me of them, I have no doubt that these people
were Lord Dunraven, the fat priest, whom thou hast described
to me, and Lady Margaret Carroll. They took the direction in
which thou art now exploring, and the ship sailed away again.

Perhaps thou mayest discover them, and so rescue the lady.
Trusting that thou mayest do so, I remain ever,
"Thy friend,
"White."
Lifting my eyes, I looked for the Indian runner who had brought the
message.
"Where is the messenger?" I cried.
"He is gone," said Manteo, who stood near me. "Does the Eagle wish
him brought back?" and he turned as though to go in pursuit.
"No," I answered, "'tis of no use. Manteo, thou wert right, 'twas the
track of the beautiful one that thou didst see to-night. But how
knewest thou 'twas she? Art thou gifted with magic?" and I laughed
uncertainly; for in truth I did not understand how he knew that this
print of a shoe was made by Margaret Carroll.
"My brother is curious," grunted the chief. "Listen, and he shall
know. When I dwelt with the great chief in the crowded village of
the pale faces, there I saw the beautiful one, who outshone the
other pale squaws, as the sun outshines the dim stars. One morning
I beheld the beautiful one walking in her garden, and after she had
gone, I clambered over the wall, and moved by some mysterious
impulse, I know not what, I bent over the print of her little moccasin
in the soft earth. In the heel of the left shoe there were six tacks,
arranged in the shape of a star. To-night I saw not only the shape of
the same small footprint, but lo! in the heel of the left shoe I find
the star—and then Manteo knew that the beautiful one had passed
by."
I stood amazed at such marvelous wood-craft, for although I knew
that the Indians were trained in the lore of field and wood from their
youth up, I had not thought that they were so expert as this.
The chief had turned his face from me.

"Look!" he said, pointing to the eastern sky, where the first faint rays
of the sun were beginning to be visible. "'Tis day, and the men are
ready to resume their journey." And so saying he glided swiftly
forward to where they were gathered, busy fastening belt and
buckle, preparing for the march.
Two long weeks we followed hot upon their trail; we had passed
now far into the interior. Twice had we caught sight of a lordly river,
broad and wide, as with foaming yellow water it rushed on to join
the sea. Over hill and dale, across grassy savannahs we pursued our
unwavering march behind the tireless Manteo. Often we started a
herd of deer from their hiding places, and with a rush they would
dash out of sight among the trees, and sometimes savage beasts of
prey were frightened from their lairs by our approach.
Once a great black bear had not been quick enough, and the Indian
had wounded him with an arrow; growling surlily, he had turned
with a cry of anger, and made for us with foaming muzzle and
upraised paw. But as he came down upon our little band, I had
snatched a musketoon with lighted fuse from one of the men, and
let fly at him. The ball had struck the beast in the throat, and as he
reeled from the shock, a dozen men were upon him with upraised
blades, and had sheathed their swords in his body.
One night as we rested from our day's trail, we had seen a bright
light gleaming a few miles ahead of us; but when after an all night's
march we reached the spot, there were only the charred ashes of
the camp fire—they had gone.
"'Twas the beautiful one," Manteo had grunted, as he gazed at the
trodden ground. With a sigh I had resumed the march; so near to
her and yet so far. 'Twas like the will-o'-wisp; one moment thou
couldst see the magic fire in front of thine eyes, but lo! when thou
hadst reached it, it had flitted on ahead, to taunt thee to further
pursuit.

And now on the fifteenth day of our departure from Roanoke Island
we still followed after them. Manteo, who glided in front, was
striding along, his eyes as usual upon the ground. I following him,
was wondering for the one hundreth time whether it was possible
that this could be Margaret, and if so how she came there, and who
were her companions; Dunraven of course, and the pale one, as the
Indian called Marsden. Who was the third white man? It might be
DeNortier, and so musing I bumped suddenly into the Indian, who
had halted, and almost threw him sprawling upon the ground.
"Hush!" he whispered, his finger upraised.
I stopped, as did the man behind me, and listened. Far away I could
hear the deep regular strokes of an ax; plainly someone was
chopping, but who in this wilderness??
"Wait here," muttered Manteo. "I will see who it is that cuts so
loudly," and with that he glided silently away, across the little open
glade in front of us, and into the trees upon the other side.
A few minutes passed, and then he came back again as silently as
he had left.
"Come," he said, and he turned and retraced his steps whence he
had come.
We followed him for perhaps ten minutes, and then emerging from
the trees, we came full upon a strange Indian. Bow in hand, he sat
quietly by the side of a charred tree, which he had been fashioning
into a canoe with a stone tomahawk, after burning out the heart of
the tree. He arose gravely as I approached, and stood looking at me,
his fierce eyes scanning my face searchingly.
"This is the great white chief, the Eagle," said Manteo to the other
brave. "Tell him what thou hast seen."
The Indian answered, speaking in what appeared to be a dialect of
the same tongue that Manteo spoke, and though it differed in some
respects, I could yet manage to understand what he said.

"The sun has stood still twice, since Occom beheld a strange sight,
for as he sat in this same spot, he heard the sound of feet
approaching, and hiding himself, there passed by three pale men,
and a squaw more lovely than the harvest moon. They had with
them Tetto, one of the Tuscaroras, and as Occom looked they
disappeared on down the trail, and I saw them no more."
"What manner of men were they, my brother?" I asked.
"The chief was tall, with dark hair, and his face was as the stone; the
look upon it was like the hawk when he wheels to strike his prey."
It was Dunraven without a doubt, the Indian had described him well.
But who were his companions?
"And what of the others?" I continued. "Did the eye of Occom
behold the others?"
"Occom saw them," he answered. "The one who walked behind the
chief was as the pale moon, when afraid it shrinks behind the
clouds, and when the chief spoke to him harshly, he drew back in
fear; he is a squaw and should till the soil with them."
"And what of the third?—what of him, Occom?"
"He was round and fat as the bear," he answered, as though in scorn
at my excitement. "His face was big and red as the blood of the
deer, but he wore the dress of the squaw, and his head was white
with the snows of many winters."
"'Tis the priest!" I cried. "Ah, a precious crew!
"Show the Eagle what thou didst pick up from the trail when they
had passed," said Manteo to the Indian Occom.
"It was this," answered the other, and from his deerskin robe he
plucked out a little shining trinket, and held it out to me.
I took it with a cry of wonder. It was a little gold locket that I had
often seen around Margaret's neck; pressing the spring the face flew

open, and there, I beheld a little miniature of her, painted several
years ago when she was a merry, laughing girl. I gazed at it long,
wrapped in my own thoughts. Ah, my lady! the same light brown
hair, the same deep azure eyes and pink cheeks; time had brought
little to thee, only the ripening of the lovely fruit, only the bloom of a
yet more perfect beauty.
As I toyed with the little bauble, a spring snapped, and the back of
the locket flew open. I must have touched a secret spring in some
way. There in the recess was a paper. Hardly knowing what I did I
took it in my hand, and read the few lines that it contained. So
Dunraven had struck his last blow—by the grace of God I would
wring his neck for this, though I should follow him across the whole
vast country that stretched before me to accomplish it. The blackest
perfidy of his dark life lay before me as I read that note, and my
very blood boiled in my veins with rage.
"Margaret:—I lie sick and wounded in this place to which I have
escaped from the prison. To-morrow I must sail for Virginia, and
I may never see thy bright face again. I would make one last
request in the name of the love I bear thee; for the love of God,
Margaret, have pity upon me as I lie here sick unto death, and
longing for one more glimpse of thee. Come, though it be only
for a moment—thou art a woman, and wilt pity me in this last
hour. If thou wilt come, but accompany this holy priest who
bears this note to thee.
"Farewell,
"Thomas Winchester."
I laughed bitterly as I replaced the paper in its hiding place. It had
done its work well, and I now knew why Margaret was here. That
imp of Satan, Father Francis, had carried this message, and she, in
the pity of her woman's heart, had accompanied him to some house
where Dunraven awaited her. Then they hurried her aboard his
vessel and set sail, thinking to be safe in this wild country. But fate,

weary with the smiles which she had bestowed upon him, had at last
turned her frown, and I, like a sleuth hound, was on their trail.
"Wilt sell the bauble?" I asked Occom.
"I would that my brother would give me one of the bright steel
tomahawks," he answered. "Then shall Occom be rewarded for his
story, and the Eagle shall keep the trinket."
"It is well," I replied, and I commanded one of the men to give the
Indian his hatchet, promising him another when we reached the
ship.
The Indian's face lighted up with pleasure as he took it in his hands.
"Occom thanks the Eagle," he said, "and shall not forget him."
Manteo now spoke: "The Eagle shall have the canoe too," pointing
to the unfinished boat. "Many leagues he has to go, and his heart
will sing within him, if Occom will but give him the canoe."
"'Tis the Eagle's," Occom replied.
"We shall follow them by water," Manteo said to me. "In this way we
can take two steps to their one."
The men had gathered around me, and now one of them spoke
respectfully:
"Dost thou still follow the trail, captain?"
"Yes," I answered, looking at the group about me. "Why askest
thou?"
He cleared his throat hesitatingly.
"The men are fearful, sir. Fifteen days have we followed thee, but it
is plain that the colonists are not to be found, and while we still go
deeper into these woods, the Governor might sail away and leave
us."

I turned to the others. "Are ye all of this mind?" I asked.
It was plain that they feared to go on, though they cared not to say
so.
"If there were any hopes of finding them," said one, "but the deeper
we go, the fainter are our chances to ever get out alive, and we do
but endanger ourselves without helping them. As this is a private
enterprise of thine, captain, we have made so bold as to mention
this matter," and a chorus of approval went up from his comrades.
"So be it," I replied. "As thou sayest, this is a private enterprise of
mine, and you can all go back; but I would ask that you first help
me with the finishing of the canoe."
"Aye! aye!" they answered, and with their axes and hatchets they
fell to upon the half finished boat. In an hour it was finished, and
putting it on their shoulders, they carried it the few feet that
separated us from the river.
I made ready to separate from the men. They had put a musketoon
with some ammunition and provisions in the canoe, and all was in
readiness. I think at the last they felt some remorse of conscience,
as I prepared to set out alone far into the unexplored regions that
lay in front of us. I shook them all one by one by the hand, as I
stepped into the boat, and bade them tell Governor White that they
left me sound and well. Then, picking up my paddle, I prepared to
push off. Occom had promised to guide the men back to Roanoke
Island, and now stood silent and apart, waiting the moment to start.
A light foot sounded upon the boat. Manteo had stepped aboard,
and picking up one of the paddles was about to dip it into the water.
"Manteo," I said, "go back with the others. I go far into the country,
and may not come back again."
"Manteo will go with his brother," he interrupted me. "What would
the Eagle do alone? He could not follow the flight of the beautiful

one," and thrusting the paddle against the bank, he gave a shove
that sent us far out into the stream.
The men raised a great cheer as we left them; a few more strokes
and we were out of sight, alone in the little canoe upon the breast of
the great river.
We still paddled upon the stream, the Roanoke Manteo called it.
Three days had we passed on its breast; only once had we seen a
human being besides ourselves, and that a lone Indian, who seeing
us approach had made for the shore in haste, and leaving his canoe
had plunged into the trees, so that as we passed we only saw the
empty canoe as it rocked idly to and fro upon the water. Manteo had
grounded our boat upon the beach a few yards from the Indian, and
we stepped ashore.
"We near the beautiful one," he said. "It is best that the canoe be
concealed here, and we should follow them upon the land."
Hiding the light canoe under some bushes, so cunningly that when I
looked for it a moment later I could discover no trace of it, he made
off through the trees, I following, a musketoon upon my shoulder.
We trod on in silence, Manteo looking ever for the trail. Evening was
beginning to fall, as though some black mantle dropped by the
hands of the gods upon the quiet earth. There came to my ears the
cawing of a crow, and it seemed to me that the bird was very near
us.
Manteo in an instant had fallen, without a sound, flat upon his face.
"Down," he whispered. "Quick!"
I followed his example as quickly as I could, and just in time. For,
from the trees in front of me, there stole silently a painted figure;
tall, fierce, savage, he strode from the dusk, and after him another,
and another, until I had counted fifty warriors, walking in single file,
their glaring eyes seemingly fixed upon me, as with bated breath I
watched them. They were naked, save for the breech cloth about
their loins, their bodies hideously daubed with the juice of wild

berries and clay; from their coarse black hair there dangled the
feathers of an eagle or hawk. I had seen nothing like this before in
all my wanderings. Noiselessly, like a shadow, they faded one by one
into the gloom opposite.
Long it seemed to me we lay there quietly; finally Manteo arose to
his feet. "A party of Cherokees on the war path," he whispered, and
we resumed our journey. Searching the ground about us for many
minutes the Indian moved, now peering under some stone or leaf,
now turning some tuft of grass aside to look beneath it. At last with
a low grunt he led off again, striding along at his rapid gait.
"How knewest thou that thou wouldst find their trail here?" I asked.
The Indian grunted. "Had the Eagle looked closer, he would have
seen the mark upon the bank where a canoe had landed," he said.
"But how knewest thou that it contained the party whom we seek?"
"Their canoe had been broken and the prow had been mended; I
saw that it had landed here, for the mark of it was upon the bank."
I trod in silence behind him, and wondered at this almost
superhuman knowledge of the forest that could observe such things
as these, which to me were as a closed book. My musketoon in my
right hand, I had hurried on after him, but now I halted in an
instant, for again I heard the cawing of the crow in the woods,
seemingly in front of us. The Indian too had stopped suddenly, and
we stood motionless. As we stood there from every bush and tree
there seemed to rise a hideous, painted figure. With a yell, so
horrible and ferocious that my blood almost congealed in my veins at
the sound, they were upon us with brandished tomahawks and
clubs.
Like a flash I struck flint and steel, and ignited the fuse of my gun;
at least one of these demons would be silenced forever. Leveling my
gun at the foremost one as he leaped at me, I pulled down, but

even as I did so, Manteo with one quick blow of his arm struck the
gun upwards, so that it harmlessly exploded in the air.
Before I could draw my sword, a score had caught me by the arms
and shoulders, and hurled me headlong to the ground. My
companion made no defense, and a dozen grasped and in the
twinkle of an eye disarmed him, and secured his arms with thongs of
deerskin. Several had bound my hands behind me, and they now
jerked me to my feet—I stood disarmed, a prisoner among the
Cherokees.
Without a word they placed us in the midst of the band, and at a
long swinging trot began a journey to the north-west. My heart was
bitter within me as I hurried along. I had been betrayed by one
whom I thought was my friend and as true as steel; he had
doubtless decoyed me here so that he could deliver me into the
hands of these Indians, probably allies of Dunraven, and they were
now most likely carrying me away to deliver me into his hands.
There was one melancholy consolation in it—I would see Margaret
once more, though it be under such circumstances as these.
All day long they kept up this swift pace, stopping only a few
moments for dinner, and the evening was beginning to deepen into
twilight, but still they kept on their steady way. Manteo trotted by
my side, but I said no word to him, and he had said naught to me. I
had begun to despair of ever resting again, when the loud shouts of
our captors and the answering yells in reply informed me that we
were about to enter their encampment.
Emerging from the forest, many smoking torches could be seen
approaching, and the beating of drums and the shouts of the
advancing crowd produced a noise that was almost deafening. The
embers of several camp fires lit up the thirty or forty rough bark huts
which were grouped before us into a semicircle. At our heels there
tagged a crowd of men, women, and children, who shouted and
danced with glee, as surrounded by our guards we entered the
village. Fierce savage faces peered at us from the doorways; little

half-naked boys and girls shouted to each other in wonder at my
white skin; the wrinkled squaws hissed and grunted. I only saw
hatred, curiosity, surprise; nowhere pity or sympathy for a friendless
stranger.
Yes, in one face I saw pity, sympathy, or was it admiration? It
seemed to me, that as I saw the face for an instant I could discern
something akin to that in the dark eyes. It was a young Indian maid
of perhaps nineteen or twenty summers, who stood in the doorway
of one of the largest huts. Slender, shapely, graceful as a young
fawn, with black eyes, large and liquid, and straight black hair, she
might have stood as a model for some picture, representing savage
beauty. She was clad in a mantle of soft deerskin, with leggins of the
same material fringed with bear claws, and upon her small feet were
moccasins of the same soft skin.
I took all this in at a glance, as I stood motionless among my
guards, for they had halted here. A few words were spoken to the
girl. She stood aside, and the brave dragged Manteo and myself to
the entrance and thrust us inside, leaving several warriors at the
open door, while the babble of tongues wrangled and argued upon
the outside, as they craned and twisted to get a glimpse of me.
For several minutes we lay there; then a wrinkled old warrior pushed
by the braves who stood at the door and bending down he cut the
thongs that bound Manteo, and motioned for him to follow; they
strode out of the place, leaving me alone. An old hag came in to
bring me a pot of some kind of meat, and with her came the pretty
maid whom I had seen outside, who brought me a skin to lie upon.
I thanked her in the native tongue, at which she looked at me with
wide open eyes.
"How knowest thou our tongue?" she asked, while the old crone
stood peering at me as though I were a ghost.
"It matters not," I answered. "And who art thou, my pretty maid,
who dost remember a poor prisoner?"

The rich color surged up into her dark face as she answered shyly, "I
am Winona, daughter of the chief Windango."
At that moment there entered the same wrinkled old chief.
"What dost thou here, Winona?" he said sternly. "This is no place for
thee."
"I came but with Occoma, father," she answered. "She brought the
pale man some venison."
"Begone!" he said, and turning his back upon her, he bent over and
cut the thongs that bound me. "Come," he said.
I followed him, escorted by the two guards who had each taken an
arm and were holding to me with an iron grasp. Passing down the
street of the encampment, we halted in front of a long, low building,
which stood in the center of the place. Drawing aside the curtain of
deer skin, Windango, for such was my guide, motioned for me to
enter. I did so, and dropping the curtain he followed.
I found myself in a long, low room, its walls made of rude,
unfinished logs, with a thatched roof. A large fire burned in the
center of the room, and around it there squatted upon the hard mud
floor the whole band of warriors, their fierce faces scowling at me
through the smoke; for there was no opening in the roof, and the
smoke from the fire was so dense that it was almost impossible to
see. Almost blinded, my eyes stinging and watering from the thick
haze which hung over the room, I staggered to a place in the front
rank to which Windango motioned me.
A deep silence reigned. From hand to hand a great long-stemmed
red pipe, decorated with feathers, was being passed, each warrior as
it reached him taking a puff, and then solemnly passing it on to his
neighbor. It was handed to me by Windango, and taking a puff, I
passed it on. A full hour it was in going the rounds, and when the
last warrior had been reached, the old chief by my side arose.

"The ears of the Cherokees are open to hear the words of my
brother Manteo. Let him speak."
On the other side of the fire Manteo stood erect. Extending one
hand, he spoke. The fitful firelight lit up the bronze faces of his
listeners, and played strange pranks with their fierce, motionless
features, as now in light, now in shadow, it came and went upon the
walls, and threw into strong relief the face of the speaker. He began
in a low voice which penetrated to every corner of the wigwam.
"My brothers," he said, "many moons have passed since Manteo has
seen his neighbors, the Cherokees. His heart warms within his breast
as he looks upon them, for was not the father of Manteo a friend of
the Cherokees?"
He looked around, while a chorus of grunts went up from the circle.
"He has journeyed far to see his red brothers, but he comes not
alone, he brings with him a great chief of the pale men, who live far
beyond the wide waters. He floated back with Manteo upon a great
wigwam with white wings to see these warriors of whom he has
heard so much. He has brought for his red brothers six shining
tomahawks, like the one that was taken from Manteo, and two long
knives, together with many blue beads, which are now on board the
wigwam ready for the Cherokees."
"Ugh," said Windango at this amazing lie, and his fellow braves all
followed suit with a resounding "Ugh." I could feel that they were
covertly glancing at me to see whether he told the truth.
"But the Eagle has come also to ask the help of his red brothers,"
continued the speaker. "A wolf has crept into the lodge of the pale
chief, and even as he slept, has carried away the favorite squaw of
the Eagle, and fled with her into the country of the Cherokees. The
Eagle, to show that there is no cloud between him and the face of
his red brothers, has come alone into their land, to tell them of the
presents that he has brought for them, and to ask their aid to regain

his squaw and to punish the wolf. Have my brothers seen aught of
the pale one with the squaw?" and he looked around inquiringly.
Windango answered: "It is but two suns since down the stream
there floated a canoe with three of the pale men, even like the
Eagle, and with them a red dog, a Tuscarora, and a pale squaw, who
gleamed as fair as the winter snow and whose hair shone like
copper. We had no canoes and could not follow them, so they
passed on down the river.
"Let the Eagle follow them," said Manteo, "and he will send a
speaking paper back to the wigwam with my brother, that they may
have their presents. So shall my brothers be the friends of the Eagle,
and their corn shall flourish and be green. If the Eagle frowns upon
them, then shall famine and pestilence sit in the cabins of the
Cherokees; the Tuscaroras will slay their braves, and their hearts will
quake within their breasts, for the Eagle is a great chief, and wields
a magic tube that thunders death from it. Listen, and the Eagle will
speak to the Cherokees in their own tongue," and he motioned to
me.
Arising to my feet, I spoke with as much majesty as I could
command at such short notice:
"Manteo speaks true; if my red brothers will free me so that I may
pursue my squaw, then six shining tomahawks, together with two
long knives, and much beads are theirs. If you seek to detain me,
death and destruction shall stalk among the wigwams of the
Cherokees," and I seated myself.
Windango arose. "The hearts of the Cherokees sing within them that
the great Eagle has soared down to them. Let it be as he says; let
the Eagle but fold his pinions for a brief season to rest among his
red brothers. They will send some of their braves back with Manteo
to the great wigwam, that they may receive the gifts the Eagle has
brought them. Then upon Manteo's return, their braves will
accompany the great chief, so that he may take his squaw."

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