Highlighter is a variant of felt-tip pen with water-based ink that is used for marking of text. It uses vivid, translucent color that makes text stand out more without obscuring it. It is very popular with students who use them to mark important parts of text for easier learning.

1. THIS IS OUR
Highlighter pen
PRESENTATION
OPERATION MANAGEMENT

2. CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION:
• Introduction
• Raw material process
• Manufacturing process

3. 1
Highlighter is a variant of felt-tip pen with water-based ink that is used for
marking of text. It uses vivid, translucent color that makes text stand out more
without obscuring it. It is very popular with students who use them to mark
important parts of text for easier learning. Today, even computer word
processors and e-book readers have the highlighting option under the influence
of highlighter markers. That shows how important we consider marking of texts
nowadays and how much highlighters changed and made text processing easier.
What is highlighter ?
1. INTRODUCTION:

4. 2
Markers, or felt-tip pens, serve a variety of functions. Children use them to
make bright, colorful drawings. The stereotypical teacher uses a glaring,
unmistakable red felt-tip to grade papers. Retail employees, roadside vendors,
performers, and protestors rely on the indelible, eye-catching shades and thick
inking surface of these writing and drawing utensils to announce sales, prices,
and productions, or to create strongly worded poster board signs to convey
dissatisfaction. Markers are also useful for permanently marking surfaces,
which is often necessary for identification purposes putting names on clothing
tags, boxes, and tape which can be adhered to almost any item.
Background:

5. HISTORY:
The felt-tip pen was invented by Sidney Rosenthal in 1953. This inventor
from Richmond Hill, New York, placed a felt tip on the end of a small, stout
bottle of permanent ink and discovered that the resulting marks saturated
a heavy, absorbent surface, yielding rich color and permanence. The felt-
tip pen had many predecessors. Inks and dyes have been used throughout
human evolution for marking objects, from cave writings fashioned from
natural dyes of the earth applied with sticks to graffiti applied with paint
from an aerosol can. Ink is a combination of a coloring agent, or pigment,
and a liquid containing oils, resins, and chemical solvents. Initially, ink was
fashioned from different colored juices and plant and animal extracts.
Today, synthetic materials are used in addition to these natural
substances.
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6. STYLE:
Many highlighters come in bright, often fluorescent and vibrant colors. Being
fluorescent, highlighter ink glows under black light. The most common color for
highlighters is yellow, but they are also found in orange, red, pink, purple, blue,
and green varieties. Some yellow highlighters may look greenish in color to the
naked eye. Yellow is the preferred color to use when making a photocopy as it
will not produce a shadow on the copy. Yet, the use of different color
highlighters simultaneously can systematically make information even more
organized and readable and in high contrast. Highlighters are available in
multiple forms, including some that have a retractable felt tip or an eraser on the
end opposite the felt. Other types of highlighters include the trilighter, a
triangularly-shaped pen with a different-colored tip at each corner, and ones
that are stackable. There are also some forms of highlighters that have a wax-like
quality similar to an oil pastel.
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7. TYPES OF HIGHLIGHTERS:
1. "Dry highlighters" (occasionally called "dry line highlighters") have an
applicator that applies a thin strip of highlighter tape (physically similar to
audio tape) instead of a felt tip. Unlike standard highlighters, they are
easily erasable. They are different from "dry mark highlighters", which are
sometimes advertised as being useful for highlighting books with thin
pages.
2. "Gel highlighters" contain a gel stick rather than a felt tip. The gel does
not bleed through paper or become dried out in the pen as other
highlighters' inks may.
3. "Liquid Highlighters" in a range of colors are also available, and because
they put more ink on a page when highlighting, make words stand out
more than with non-liquid types. Also the fact that more highlighting ink
is put on the page with liquid highlighters means that the highlighting ink
is much more resistive to fading with age.
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8. Effective strategies to use highlighter pen:
1) Studying with a highlighter doesn’t replace taking your own notes
This isn’t a “one or the other” type of option. You need to be an active
learner. Studying by highlighting is far too passive. We outlined some of the
reasons why highlighting doesn’t replace note-taking in our blog on
highlighting a textbook.
2) Studying with a highlighter is a great second step
Yes, you read that correctly. It’s a second step, not a first. By “second
step” we mean that using a highlighter is an effective strategy if used on
notes that you’ve already taken. When students first take notes and then
use a highlighter on them, there can be some benefits..
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9. Effective strategies to use highlighter pen (cont.):
3) Use a highlighter to connect important ideas
Studying with a highlighter allows you to make those connections visually, not
just mentally. And the more visual you can make things – aka, more concrete –
the more likely you’ll remember them.
4) Realize the different long-term vs. short-term benefits of studying with a
highlighter
A final reality to note is that studying with a highlighter can be helpful if you’re
end goal isn’t to ace an exam. If your main goal is doing well in a class, studying
with a highlighter is a less effective approach. You won’t get as much for your
time as you would some other strategies
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10. 10 FACTS ABOUT HIGHLIGHTER PEN:
Only the highlights appear in these highlighter facts!
▪ Highlighters are stationery items in the form of a pen, used to highlight, or mark, text.
▪ Highlighter ink is typically brightly colored, often fluorescent, and see-through.
▪ Highlighters typically come in colors of yellow, blue, green, pink, orange and purple,
although the most prevalent color is yellow.
▪ Highlighters are similar to a felt-tip pen, except they contain a different ink.
▪ Highlighters are believed to have been invented by the United States’ Carter’s Ink
Company in 1963, and were called a Hi-Liter, soon after Yukio Horie, from Japan, had
invented the water-based marker the year prior.
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11. 10 FACTS ABOUT HIGHLIGHTER PEN (cont.):
▪ Yellow colored highlighters are generally not visible on a
photocopied document of a highlighted original.
▪ Different colors of highlighters can be used to organize groups of ideas or texts.
▪ Highlighters can be stacked together, waxy, retractable, three in one, take the
form of a pencil, or have non-seeping ink.
▪ A dry line highlighter is a tape that is applied to the page, and has the
advantage that it can be erased without much difficulty.
▪ Digital documents can be highlighted by selecting text, in a similar way to
standard highlighting.
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12. 3. RAW MATERIAL:
To make highlighters, we need such things as:
1) Ink
2) Fluorescence
3) Polyester
4) Plastic barrel
5) Plastic cap
6) Chemicals
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13. 11
3.1 Highlighter pen ink:
WHERE CAN WE GET
:
Ink or dyes can either be from artificial compounds or natural sources.
HOW CAN WE MAKE:
A highlighter is a felt-tip marker filled with transparent fluorescent ink
instead of black or opaque ink. The ink mixture is concocted.
Preferable ratios are 1-10 % water by weight (the water content must
be enough for complete dissolution or dispersion of the dye), with the
remainder of the weight being made up of a solvent such as alkyl or
alkene carbonate.

14. 3.3 POLYESTER:
HOW TO MAKE A POLYESTER:
• A synthetic fiber derived from coal, air, water and
petroleum.
• Polyester fibers are formed from a chemical
reaction between acid and alcohol
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15. HOW TO MAKE THE PLASTICS BARREL:
• To make the body of the marker, plastic resin is injection-
molded into a marker body. Injection molding involves
heating a substance, in this case plastic resin, into a
molten state and forcing (injecting) it into a mold of the
desired shape, then allowing it to cool and harden
3.4 PLASTIC BARREL
.
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16. 3.5 PLASTIC CAP:
FROM WHERE WE GET PLASTIC FROM:
• Plastics are derived from natural, organic materials such as cellulose,
coal, and natural gas, salt and, of course, crude oil.
• The raw materials for today’s plastics come from many places (some
even use salt!), but most plastics can be made from the hydrocarbons that
are readily available in natural gas, oil and coal.
HOW TO MAKE THE PLASTIC CAP:
• A vacuum siphons plastic pellets and a mechanized go into the container.
• It needs electrical energy and thermal energy while making the plastic
cap.
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17. 16
3.6 CHEMICALS:
• A phosphor is a substance that exhibits the
formula the phenomenon of luminescence.
• Chemical in a highlighter is to make it glow.

18. 17
NIB OR TIP:
HOW TO MAKE THE MARKER NIB OR TIP:
The nib, or tip, of the marker is made from powder
which is mixed with water, molded, and baked into its
pointed or flat form.

19. “
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Procedure:
• The plastics pellets go into the
vacuum siphons.
• Make polyesters to put ink.
• Drop down polyester into the plastic
barrels.
• Put the ink inside to the polyester.
• Make the cap and push to the plastic
barrels.
4. Manufacturing process of highlighters:

20. 19
Processing of highlighters pens:
The highlighter pen was invented in the 1960s simply to plastic
pellets into this container the red ones will tent the whole mix as it
melts et your attention when text is shaded with transparent vivid inks
and hot pinks are warm yellows our I goes directly to it marketers
have always known that color has impact and it's a principle
highlighted by these pens highlighters come in lots of shades and
colors even neon this is how a highlighter pen gets its start a vacuum
siphons inside a heating to a mechanized steel screw pushes the
melted plastic into pen molds the force applied is equal to the weight
of 350 elephants cooled by water the newly molded pen barrel spill
into a container below now some clear colored pen barrels drop onto
a conveyor track and ink reservoirs that look like pieces of chalk but
are made of polyester drop down a shaft and a robotic arm thrust
them into the plastic barrels the back end plug goes in the same way
the plugs fall to a robotic arm and it pushes them into the back of the
pen

21. 21
Conti…………
pen now a chemist drops a concentrate of dye into a beaker of water
just over a third of an ounce or 10 drops is enough to turn it fire-
engine red a humectant already in the water will keep the ink from
drying out when it's in the pen next he measures the inks thickness he
lowers a steel probe into it and the probe turns a gauge measures the
speed if the probe turns too fast it means the ink is too thin if it
revolves too slowly than the mix is too thick at four revolutions per
minute the ink is just the right consistency a vacuum pump sucks the
ink into six-inch steel needles and a robotic arm pushes the needles
into the polyester reservoirs injecting them with ink now we arrive at
the next part of assembly a combination of mechanical vibrations and
compressed air drive a conveyor belt carrying the pen nibs the nibs
fall into the clutch of a mechanical claw which drops them to a
circular pusher it shoves the nibs onto the pens and they interlock the
impact floods the reservoir inside the pen within now it's time to top it
all off a conveyor transports caps to a mechanical gripper the gripper
slides them over the nibs over on another

22. 22
Conti…………
assembly line they're making a three-in-one marker a conveyer ball funnels
smaller ink reservoirs into a shaft and they drop to a robotic arm the arm
stuffs the reservoirs into the small barrels and that a needle injects them
with ink quickly saturating the reservoirs with vibrant color the next robotic
arm shoves a receptacle onto the barrel and then another robot presses a
polyester nib onto it a robot now slips a hood-like cap over the nib another
mechanical arm suctions up the fuchsia color Binney markers and transfers
them to a triangular case down the line another suctioning arm picks up a
red mini marker and deposits it in the triangle a steel Pro presses it in finally
a yellow colored marker completes the triangle now a robot uses an
electrical charge to pick up metallic confetti when the charge is turned off
the confetti drops into the triangle adding some glitter next a suctioning
robot drops the top part of the triangle onto the lower case

23. 23
Conti……..
and a metal cylinder presses it shut another suctioning arm
carries the three-in-one marker to a conveyor belt which
unloads it into a box this three-in-one highlighter makes it
easier to color code text a different color for each theme now an
electrical conveyor moves the highlighters to a mechanical arm
the arm flips it around positioning it for the next step a squeegee
silkscreens a logo onto it I wonder how they came up with that
one now the highlighters enter an ultraviolet light chamber the
light bonds the ink to the case and finally the ultimate test
plastic rippers guide markers as they make circles seven
hundred to a thousand circles means this particular production
line will definitely stand out.

24. ❑ The Future:
The traditional marker is continually being enhanced. Markers are
available in both indelible and washable formulas. Markers are also
produced that can yield changing colors, color over colors, emit
scents, and be used to create three-dimensional drawings. One of the
most popular spin-offs of the marker is the highlighting marker,
which comes in a variety of translucent, fluorescent colors and can be
used for marking text. This is a popular product with students and
professionals. Ink companies are also at work developing products
that are more environmentally sound, such as inks using vegetable
oils or water instead of traditional petroleum or other solvent
ingredients.
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