Erik Duval gave a presentation on open ICT education at NIOC 2011 in Heerlen, Netherlands. He discussed how open educational resources and technologies can promote innovation in education by making learning resources available to all. However, he noted that an abundance of open resources does not necessarily solve all problems and that personalized "snowflake" approaches may be needed to ensure learning materials are tailored to individual students. He advocated disrupting traditional education models and getting technologies more integrated into students' lives to better support learning.