A control systemis a set of devices or
algorithms that manage, command,
direct, or regulate the behavior of other
devices or systems. Open-loop and
closed-loop systems are two
fundamental concepts used to manage
and regulate processes.
CONTROL SYSTEM
OPEN-LOOP SYSTEM
An open-loopsystem is a type of control system
where the output is not fed back to the input for
comparison or correction. The system operates
on a predefined set of instructions without
considering the actual output.
6.
CHARACTERISTICS
• No Feedback:The system does not monitor or adjust based on
the output. Once the input is set, the system executes the
process without any feedback mechanism.
• Simplicity: Open-loop systems are generally simpler and easier
to design and implement since they do not require feedback
sensors or complex control algorithms.
• Cost-Effective: They tend to be less expensive due to fewer
components and simpler design.
• Predictability: The behavior of the system is predictable as it
follows a set path without deviations.
7.
LIMITATIONS
• Lack ofAccuracy: Open-loop systems can be less accurate
because they do not adjust for disturbances or changes in the
environment.
• No Error Correction: If the output deviates from the desired
outcome, the system cannot correct itself.
CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM
A closed-loopsystem, also known as a feedback
control system, continuously monitors the
output and adjusts the input based on the
feedback received. This allows the system to
maintain the desired output despite
disturbances.
11.
CHARACTERISTICS
• Feedback Mechanism:The system uses sensors to measure the
output and compares it to the desired setpoint. Any deviation
results in corrective actions.
• Complexity: Closed-loop systems are generally more complex
due to the need for feedback sensors, controllers, and
algorithms.
• Higher Cost: The additional components and complexity can
lead to higher costs in design and implementation.
• Adaptability: These systems can adapt to changes in the
environment or system dynamics, improving accuracy and
performance.
12.
LIMITATIONS
• Complexity: Thedesign and tuning of closed-loop systems can
be more complicated.
• Cost: They are typically more expensive due to the additional
components required.
