This document compares procedural programming and object-oriented programming. Procedural programming separates data and operations, while object-oriented programming combines data and procedures into objects. Objects contain attributes to store data and methods to manipulate the data. This encapsulation allows for data hiding and reuse of code through object classes. Benefits of object-oriented programming include reduced development time through code reuse and easier debugging through independent testing of classes.

1. Chapter 1:
Procedural Programming
vs
Object Oriented Programming
Object Oriented Programming
MTS 3033

2. Procedural
Programming
2
• Programming in procedural languages
involves choosing data structures
(appropriate ways to store data), designing
algorithms, and translating algorithm into
code.
• Example of procedural programming
languages: C, Pascal, BASIC, Ada and
COBOL.

3. Procedural Programming
3
• In procedural programming, data and
operations on the data are separated.
• This methodology requires sending data to
procedure/functions.

4. Function
A
Data
Function
B
4
variables

5. Object-Oriented Programming
5
• Object-oriented programming is centered
on creating objects rather than
procedures/ functions.
• Objects are a melding of data and
procedures that manipulate that data.
• Data in an object are known as attributes.
• Procedures/functions in an object are
known as methods.

6. Object-Oriented Programming
Objects
Attributes (data)
Methods
(procedures/functions)
6

7. Object-Oriented Programming
7
• Object-oriented programming combines data and
behavior (or method).This is called encapsulation.
• Data hiding is the ability of an object to hide data from
other objects in the program.
• Only an object’s methods should be able to
directly manipulate its attributes.
• Other objects are allowed to manipulate an object’s attributes
via the object’smethods.
• This indirect access is known as a programming
interface.

8. Object-Oriented Programming
Methods
(behaviors / procedures)
Objects
Attributes (data)
Typically private to this object
Other
Objects
Programming
Interface
8

9. Benefits of Object-oriented
programming
9
• Save development time (and cost) by reusing code
– once an object class is created it can be
used in other applications
• Easier debugging
– classes can be tested independently
– reused objects have already been tested

10.  Pure OO Languages: Smalltalk,
Actor, Java
 Hybrid OO Languages:
C++, Objective-C, Object-Pascal
10
Object-Oriented Programming
Languages