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Online Lecture _Mastering Literature Reviews
- 1. Mastering Literature Reviews A simpleguide to conduct Effective Reviews Presented by: Mahmoud Morsy
- 2. About the author: •Mahmoud M. Morsy, MD • Aspiring Physician-Researcher with great expertise in epidemiology, • global burden of disease, global health and Public health. With 20+ peer-reviewed publications (published and under review) • Clinical Research Fellow at American Society for Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity in Healthcare (ASIDE) Healthcare • Research Collaborator at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), Washington • Review Editor at Frontiers in Neurology • Peer Reviewer at Springer Nature (Haematology, Neurology, Diabetes) GoogleScholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hPJTWesAAAAJ&hl=ar&oi=ao Linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/mahmoud-m-morsy-md-9a5237174
- 3. Content: Brief intro fordeveloping research ? What is literature review Types? Why it is important ? Steps of conducting literature review? Common mistakes of literature Review Q & A ?
- 4. Brief intro fordeveloping research ? Developing research idea Reviewing the literature Planning for the study Piloting the study Gain ethical approval Data collection Data analysis Writing manuscript Publication
- 5. Introduction about LiteratureReview • Review study are studies that summarize the previous litratue in specific area. There are many types of Reviews that most common two types are : Aspects Traditional Review (Expert Opinion) Systematic Review Methodology It is an expert opinion Depends on specific criteria Sources Is of Expert Knowledge and not systematically wised Comprehensive and systematically wised one Reproducibility Not reproducible Highly reproducible Risk of Bias High risk of bias Low risk of bias
- 6. Importance of LiteratureReview: • Reviews are essential sources of information for medical practice. Given the increasing number of publications in specific field, it's crucial to keep updated with the latest guidelines to ensure that your practice is based on evidence based medicine. Reviews provide summary of published research and current state of knowledge about a particular topic. • A good Review must include analysis to make every part is clear and is of evidence , because of the fact that systematic review follow a specific protocol and owing to its transparency that’s why systematic reviews replacing traditional one
- 7. Steps of conductingliterature review: • Develop research idea: the process of developing idea depends on your knowledge about this field • Literature search : Many different ways 1) Medical electronic Databases 2) Conference Abstracts 3) Textbooks • Collect data and put the conceptual and structural framework before starting writing the manuscript as we mentioned above
- 8. Simple guide aboutDeveloping Systematic Review: 1. Formulation of Research Question Clear, focused and specific using frameworks like PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome). 2. Eligibility Criteria Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria to select relevant studies (e.g., study design, population, language). 3. Comprehensive Literature Search Systematic and comprehensive search across multiple databases to ensure all relevant studies included, minimizing publication bias. 4. Study Screening Process Screening titles, abstracts, and full texts to select studies based on eligibility criteria.
- 9. 5. Data Extraction Extractionof the data from selected studies, including study characteristics, outcomes, and methodological quality. 6. Quality Assessment (Risk of Bias) Evaluation of the methodological quality of included studies, often using tools like the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool or other checklists. 7. Results and Interpretation Presentation of findings, including effect sizes, confidence intervals, and heterogeneity. Discussing the clinical relevance of the results.
- 10. 8. Limitations andBiases Acknowledging limitations, including publication bias, study heterogeneity, and the potential for missing data. 9. Conclusion and Implications for Practice Summarizing the findings and discussing their relevance to clinical practice, including recommendations and areas for future research.
- 11. Common mistakes toavoid: • Lack of Clear Research Question Ensure the question is specific and well-defined from the start. • Not Defining Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Clearly Failing to establish precise criteria for study inclusion and exclusion can lead to bias • Selective or Biased Study Selection Picking studies that only support your hypothesis create bias. Aim for comprehensive and objective study selection, including both positive and negative results. • Ignoring Study Quality or Risk of Bias Not assessing the quality or potential biases of included studies can disturb the reliability of the review's findings. • Ignoring Limitations and Conflicts of Interest Not acknowledging the limitations of your review or potential conflicts of interest can compromise the transparency and credibility of your work. Always discuss limitations and sources of bias openly.
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