[MIPRO2019] Map-Matching on Big Data: a Distributed and Efficient Algorithm w...University of Bologna
In urban mobility, map-matching aims to project GPS points generated by moving objects onto the road segments representing the actual object positions. Up to now, map-matching has found interesting applications in traffic analysis, frequent path extraction, and location prediction. However, state-of-art implementations of map-matching algorithms are either private, sequential or inefficient. In this paper, we propose an extension of an existing serial algorithm of known efficiency by reformulating it in a distributed way, in order to achieve great scalability on real big data scenarios. Furthermore, we enhance the robustness of the algorithm, which is based on a first-order Hidden Markov Model, by introducing a smart strategy to avoid gaps in the matched road segments; indeed, this problem may occur under sparse GPS sampling or in urban areas with highly fragmented road segments. Our implementation is based on Apache Spark and is publicly available on Github. The implementation is tested against a dataset with 7.8 million GPS points in Milan.
[MIPRO2019] Map-Matching on Big Data: a Distributed and Efficient Algorithm w...University of Bologna
In urban mobility, map-matching aims to project GPS points generated by moving objects onto the road segments representing the actual object positions. Up to now, map-matching has found interesting applications in traffic analysis, frequent path extraction, and location prediction. However, state-of-art implementations of map-matching algorithms are either private, sequential or inefficient. In this paper, we propose an extension of an existing serial algorithm of known efficiency by reformulating it in a distributed way, in order to achieve great scalability on real big data scenarios. Furthermore, we enhance the robustness of the algorithm, which is based on a first-order Hidden Markov Model, by introducing a smart strategy to avoid gaps in the matched road segments; indeed, this problem may occur under sparse GPS sampling or in urban areas with highly fragmented road segments. Our implementation is based on Apache Spark and is publicly available on Github. The implementation is tested against a dataset with 7.8 million GPS points in Milan.
Automatic Map Production 1 to 50,000 ScaleSafe Software
Currently, the demand for geoinformation is increasing and it is necessary to transmit the changes that occur in the territory to cartography. That is why data publishers need to establish a balance between the art of making maps and the need to keep such data and services updated.
The National Geographic Institute of Spain (IGN) is the public institution in charge of the creation, maintenance and updating of the basic cartography at a scale of 1:50,000. At this scale, the Spanish territory is divided into 1,076 sheets that are updated every six months, as are the rest of the series that make up the basic cartography of Spain. FME has been used for the creation of an automated workflow that starts with the import of data from a PostGIS database and, through various decision methods, culminates with a cartographic output symbolized through MAPublisher, obtaining geoPDF files for each of the sheets.
In addition, it is worth mentioning that the publication of the map sheets is done in COG format (Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF) which, thanks to its high compression rate, allows for a great saving of space on servers. Currently, this workflow is being put together with the workflow of the map series at scales 1:25,000 as well as the latest product called High Resolution Map which allows a great level of detail fo buildings and roads. This will ensure that all map are generated at the same time with a single workflow and making minimal changes, making them available to the public simultaneously.
EGT10 DESIGN AND APPLICATION FOR POSITION GPS TRACKER WITH VISUAL BASICijmnct
As a navigation tool, GPS can be used to guide a person towards the desired location. The trick is to
combine data obtained from the GPS coordinates with a digital map. From there it can be known to the
person's position relative to its target location. This study tries to view a map using visual basic. Data from
a map using GPS data EGT-10. The results showed that the data received by GPS coordinates EG T-10 the
same as the Garmin GPS 60, while the decimal value of the minute differences are influenced by the level
of accuracy of each GPS and within the accuracy of GPS is used. GPS can be visualized on a digital map.
The visibility estimation has an important impact in many economical and aesthetic fields, a mixed environment which contains madman objects like buildings with relief sol make a challenge for the visibility calculation. This paper presents a new method to solve this problem based on vector GIS data. The use of vector data gives the possibility to calculate the intervisibility, viewshed for mixed environment. The new method could identify the obstacles (relief, buildings identification) which block the visibility for a 3D environment points from observator, the intervisibility impact of a specific building could be calculated
Maria Antonia Brovelli, Carolina Arias Muñoz, Marco Minghini, Giorgio Zamboni.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3xWOhmJOx-_am5Ld3c4dnFPUUE/view
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQ-EdwoPMVQ&feature=youtu.be
A standalone low-cost mobile prototype with accurate localization capabilities and communicating environmental measurements in real-time can definitely expand the current picture of urban data characterized by limited spatio-temporal resolution. Sensor data enrichment with kinematics, high-frequency and robust positioning data plays a crucial role in IoT devices for mobile microclimatic monitoring application. Indeed, spatially enriched real time kinematic sensors lead directly to fast, reliable and accurate information over-time. This, in turn, allows to create added-value services (smart cities, transportation, e-health, smart home, social, etc.) for life quality improvement of urban communities. The design, prototyping and experimental activities have got funded the DPS4ESLAB project.
Automatic Map Production on a 1 to 25,000 scale. Simbology and Raster Creatio...Safe Software
The demand for geoinformation is constantly growing, forcing data publishers to strike a balance between the art of map-making and the need to keep data and services up to date.
The Geographic Institute of Spain(IGN) as a public institution is entrusted, amongst others, with creating, maintaining, and updating the State’s basic cartography at a 1:25,000 scale. At this scale, Spain is divided into 4.096 sheets, with an update frequency of less than a year.
FME was used to create an automated workflow that starts importing data from a PostGIS database and through the most diverse decision-making methods ends up with a cartographic output symbolized in MAPublisher, obtaining GeoPDF files for each sheet, which are then made available for public download. Recently a new feature was added to this workflow: the publication of these sheets in COG (Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF) format, which allows for a great saving of disk space on the servers due to its high compression rate. This workflow is also being applied for the generation of topographic maps at a scale of 1:50,000.
Towards an Affordable GIS for Analysing Public Transport Mobility DataBenito Zaragozí
Slides of a presentation at the GISTAM 2020 conference (streaming event). It's a proposal for naming the outputs of querying a database containing public transportation data from smart cards.
What is European Location Framework and what is needed to make geospatial reference data to work in Europe based on INSPIRE. Presentation at the INSPIRE conference 2011.
Sii-Mobility Km4City Smart City API and AppPaolo Nesi
Service search near GPS position
Service search within a GPS area
Service search within a WKT described area
Service search within a stored WKT described area
Service search by municipality
Service search by query id
Full text search
Event search
Address and geometry search by GPS
Service info
Generic Service
Event
Parking service
Traffic sensor
Weather Forecast
Bus station
Fuel Station
First aid
Smart waste container
Smart bench
Smart irrigator
Energy meter
Recharge station
Smart street light
Air quality monitoring station
(Bus) Agency list
(Bus) Lines list
(Bus) Routes list
(Bus) Stop list
Search (Bus) Routes in a geographic area
Estimated Bus position
Rating and comment API
Service Photo API
Last contributions API
Recommender API
Shortest path finder API
Image caching API
Automatic Map Production 1 to 50,000 ScaleSafe Software
Currently, the demand for geoinformation is increasing and it is necessary to transmit the changes that occur in the territory to cartography. That is why data publishers need to establish a balance between the art of making maps and the need to keep such data and services updated.
The National Geographic Institute of Spain (IGN) is the public institution in charge of the creation, maintenance and updating of the basic cartography at a scale of 1:50,000. At this scale, the Spanish territory is divided into 1,076 sheets that are updated every six months, as are the rest of the series that make up the basic cartography of Spain. FME has been used for the creation of an automated workflow that starts with the import of data from a PostGIS database and, through various decision methods, culminates with a cartographic output symbolized through MAPublisher, obtaining geoPDF files for each of the sheets.
In addition, it is worth mentioning that the publication of the map sheets is done in COG format (Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF) which, thanks to its high compression rate, allows for a great saving of space on servers. Currently, this workflow is being put together with the workflow of the map series at scales 1:25,000 as well as the latest product called High Resolution Map which allows a great level of detail fo buildings and roads. This will ensure that all map are generated at the same time with a single workflow and making minimal changes, making them available to the public simultaneously.
EGT10 DESIGN AND APPLICATION FOR POSITION GPS TRACKER WITH VISUAL BASICijmnct
As a navigation tool, GPS can be used to guide a person towards the desired location. The trick is to
combine data obtained from the GPS coordinates with a digital map. From there it can be known to the
person's position relative to its target location. This study tries to view a map using visual basic. Data from
a map using GPS data EGT-10. The results showed that the data received by GPS coordinates EG T-10 the
same as the Garmin GPS 60, while the decimal value of the minute differences are influenced by the level
of accuracy of each GPS and within the accuracy of GPS is used. GPS can be visualized on a digital map.
The visibility estimation has an important impact in many economical and aesthetic fields, a mixed environment which contains madman objects like buildings with relief sol make a challenge for the visibility calculation. This paper presents a new method to solve this problem based on vector GIS data. The use of vector data gives the possibility to calculate the intervisibility, viewshed for mixed environment. The new method could identify the obstacles (relief, buildings identification) which block the visibility for a 3D environment points from observator, the intervisibility impact of a specific building could be calculated
Maria Antonia Brovelli, Carolina Arias Muñoz, Marco Minghini, Giorgio Zamboni.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3xWOhmJOx-_am5Ld3c4dnFPUUE/view
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQ-EdwoPMVQ&feature=youtu.be
A standalone low-cost mobile prototype with accurate localization capabilities and communicating environmental measurements in real-time can definitely expand the current picture of urban data characterized by limited spatio-temporal resolution. Sensor data enrichment with kinematics, high-frequency and robust positioning data plays a crucial role in IoT devices for mobile microclimatic monitoring application. Indeed, spatially enriched real time kinematic sensors lead directly to fast, reliable and accurate information over-time. This, in turn, allows to create added-value services (smart cities, transportation, e-health, smart home, social, etc.) for life quality improvement of urban communities. The design, prototyping and experimental activities have got funded the DPS4ESLAB project.
Automatic Map Production on a 1 to 25,000 scale. Simbology and Raster Creatio...Safe Software
The demand for geoinformation is constantly growing, forcing data publishers to strike a balance between the art of map-making and the need to keep data and services up to date.
The Geographic Institute of Spain(IGN) as a public institution is entrusted, amongst others, with creating, maintaining, and updating the State’s basic cartography at a 1:25,000 scale. At this scale, Spain is divided into 4.096 sheets, with an update frequency of less than a year.
FME was used to create an automated workflow that starts importing data from a PostGIS database and through the most diverse decision-making methods ends up with a cartographic output symbolized in MAPublisher, obtaining GeoPDF files for each sheet, which are then made available for public download. Recently a new feature was added to this workflow: the publication of these sheets in COG (Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF) format, which allows for a great saving of disk space on the servers due to its high compression rate. This workflow is also being applied for the generation of topographic maps at a scale of 1:50,000.
Towards an Affordable GIS for Analysing Public Transport Mobility DataBenito Zaragozí
Slides of a presentation at the GISTAM 2020 conference (streaming event). It's a proposal for naming the outputs of querying a database containing public transportation data from smart cards.
What is European Location Framework and what is needed to make geospatial reference data to work in Europe based on INSPIRE. Presentation at the INSPIRE conference 2011.
Sii-Mobility Km4City Smart City API and AppPaolo Nesi
Service search near GPS position
Service search within a GPS area
Service search within a WKT described area
Service search within a stored WKT described area
Service search by municipality
Service search by query id
Full text search
Event search
Address and geometry search by GPS
Service info
Generic Service
Event
Parking service
Traffic sensor
Weather Forecast
Bus station
Fuel Station
First aid
Smart waste container
Smart bench
Smart irrigator
Energy meter
Recharge station
Smart street light
Air quality monitoring station
(Bus) Agency list
(Bus) Lines list
(Bus) Routes list
(Bus) Stop list
Search (Bus) Routes in a geographic area
Estimated Bus position
Rating and comment API
Service Photo API
Last contributions API
Recommender API
Shortest path finder API
Image caching API
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6. figures/geofunction-
Introduction
Methods
Implementation
Results
Conclusions
What is Geocoding?
Hypothesis
Hypothesis
We make the following hypothesis:
1 the precise location of house numbers provided by Local
Governments is the most accurate result achievable, because it is
manually performed via a surveying on the field executed by an
human operator;
2 it is not possible expecting that the accuracy of geolocation
cannot exceed bounds of 2-3 meters around every point, both for
limits of equipment used for the surveying, and for the real
position of the point, which it can be difficult to be obtained.
Di Pietro G., Rinnone F. Online Geocoding Services
8. figures/geofunction-
Introduction
Methods
Implementation
Results
Conclusions
Datasets
Benchmark analysis
Datasets
We analyzed the results of geocoding string of addresses published by
following local governments:
Florence (dati.toscana.it): road graph version 1.7.0
available from the open data portal of Tuscan region, Italy.
Cagliari (comune.cagliari.it): database of house
numbers from open data portal of Cagliari, Italy.
Trento (comune.trento.it): database of first and second
level house numbers from open data portal of Trento, Italy.
Kristiine, Tallinn (gis.maaamet.ee): over 20k address of
Kriistine district from database of house numbers of Tallin.
Di Pietro G., Rinnone F. Online Geocoding Services
16. figures/geofunction-
Introduction
Methods
Implementation
Results
Conclusions
Datasets
Benchmark analysis
Benchmark analysis
Definition (Geocoder Approx 10 m)
Ratio (in percentage) of geocoded results in a distance less than 10
meters from position provided by official datasets:
GA10 =
1
n
n
1
Θ(δ10)
GA10 represent a unique value that classify whole addresses investigated. This
parameter is useful for describe the performance of a geocoding service globally for
a location, e.g. a city, a district or a generic buildings dataset.
Di Pietro G., Rinnone F. Online Geocoding Services
18. figures/geofunction-
Introduction
Methods
Implementation
Results
Conclusions
GFgeocoder
GFgeocoder
GFgeocoder is a multiplatform tool written in Java, executable from
command line and can be run as a background daemon.
It allows loading of input CSV file that contains two columns: first
column, named “address”, must contains addresses and house
numbers, and second column, named “city”, must contains city name.
Output CSV file contains more than two columns: the columns named
“address” and “city” are identical to input file columns; the other
columns contain respectively pairs of coordinates (lat/lon) obtained as
results from Online Geocoders Services.
Di Pietro G., Rinnone F. Online Geocoding Services
19. figures/geofunction-
Introduction
Methods
Implementation
Results
Conclusions
GFgeocoder
GFgeocoder
GFgeocoder uses the following libraries:
Geocoder Java: a set of unofficial Google Java APIs that is
interfaced with official JavaScript Google Maps API v3, via
HTTP requests;
MapQuest: the official set of geocoding libraries offered by
MapQuest. MapQuest offers to developers a RESTful web
service that provides a JSON or XML representation of the
output requested via a HTTP request;
OpenRouteService: an online route planning application based
on open source software that provides a set of public RESTful
APIs that allows user to send geocoding requests.
Di Pietro G., Rinnone F. Online Geocoding Services
22. figures/geofunction-
Introduction
Methods
Implementation
Results
Conclusions
Results
For Google Maps Geocoder the best performance of GA10 is for Florence addresses,
with 90,05% of string addresses correctly geocoded into 10 meters. The worst is only
Kristiine district of Tallinn with no one address correctly geocoded into 10 meters.
For MapQuest Geocoder the best performance of GA10 is for Cagliari, with 49,12%
of string addresses correctly geocoded into 10 meters. The worst is both Trento city
and Florence with less than 0,005%.
For OpenRouteService the best performance of GA10 is for Cagliari, with 21,7% of
string addresses correctly geocoded into 10 meters. The worst is Kristiine district of
Tallinn with only 4 addresses on 22515 are in a range less than 10 meters.
Di Pietro G., Rinnone F. Online Geocoding Services
27. figures/geofunction-
Introduction
Methods
Implementation
Results
Conclusions
Conclusions
The analysis of local spread of geocoding errors produces the
following conclusions:
into old-town areas of Italian cities geocoding errors are least
than the total;
in the particular case of Trento the geocoding errors for suburban
and outskirts areas penalize the overall performance of results;
different performance of geocoding services depends from:
correct interpretation of the addresses strings;
presence of a direct or indirect survey carried out by company
that managed the service.
Di Pietro G., Rinnone F. Online Geocoding Services
28. figures/geofunction-
Introduction
Methods
Implementation
Results
Conclusions
Further work
Further investigations will be conducted to investigate these aspects.
Also, new comparisons will be made using results obtainable via
Nominatim, the open source search and geocoding engine that
consumes OpenStreetMap data.
Finally, the methodology explained in this work is still underway with
data of other international locations.
Di Pietro G., Rinnone F. Online Geocoding Services