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This document discusses normal amniotic fluid levels at different gestational ages and the causes and effects of oligohydramnios, or low amniotic fluid. It notes that oligohydramnios can be caused by maternal or fetal conditions and leads to risks for the fetus like skeletal deformities, contractures, and pulmonary hypoplasia. The management of oligohydramnios involves counseling, serial ultrasounds, amnioinfusion if needed, monitoring for signs of fetal distress, and delivery according to the specific conditions and gestational age.
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oligohydramnios-171125104430 (1) (1).pptx
This document discusses normal amniotic fluid levels at different gestational ages and the causes and effects of oligohydramnios, or low amniotic fluid. Oligohydramnios can be caused by maternal or fetal conditions and can lead to complications for both mother and fetus, including problems during labor and risks for the fetus like skeletal deformities. Management includes counseling, serial ultrasounds to monitor fluid levels, considering amnioinfusion to increase fluid if severe oligohydramnios is detected, and close monitoring during labor.
oligohydramnios.pptx
The document discusses normal amniotic fluid levels at different gestational ages and defines oligohydramnios as a reduced amniotic fluid volume of less than 200ml at term or an amniotic fluid index of less than 5cm at 28-40 weeks gestation. Potential maternal and fetal causes of oligohydramnios are provided. Management involves counseling, serial ultrasounds, amnioinfusion if needed, and close monitoring during labor due to risks of fetal compromise, prolonged labor, and infection.
oligohydramnios.....................pptx
This document discusses normal amniotic fluid levels at different gestational ages and the causes and effects of oligohydramnios, or low amniotic fluid. It notes that oligohydramnios can be caused by maternal or fetal conditions and presents risks to both mother and fetus. Management involves counseling, serial ultrasounds to monitor fluid levels, consideration of amnioinfusion to increase fluid if severe oligohydramnios is detected, and close monitoring during labor due to increased risk of complications.
Oligohydramnios
This document discusses normal amniotic fluid levels at different gestational ages and the causes and effects of oligohydramnios, or low amniotic fluid. It notes that oligohydramnios can be caused by maternal or fetal conditions and presents risks to both mother and fetus. Management involves counseling, serial ultrasounds, amnioinfusion to increase fluid if needed, and close monitoring during labor due to risks of complications from reduced fluid levels like fetal distress, prolonged labor, and infection.
aabida-180525092650.pptx
Polyhydramnios is an excess of amniotic fluid, defined as over 2000 ml. It occurs in 1 in 1000 pregnancies and can be caused by fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, maternal diabetes or other conditions. It is classified as chronic or acute based on onset. Chronic polyhydramnios may cause dyspnea and edema in the mother. Ultrasound is used to diagnose and assess fetal presentation. Complications include preterm labor and delivery. Management focuses on relieving symptoms, investigating the cause, and addressing complications through bed rest, induction of labor, or termination of pregnancy if indicated.
royobgpolyhydramnios-200806125641.pptx
This document discusses polyhydramnios, or excess amniotic fluid during pregnancy. It begins with definitions of polyhydramnios and normal amniotic fluid volumes. It then covers the physiology of amniotic fluid, causes of excess fluid including fetal anomalies and diabetes, signs and symptoms such as abdominal pain and shortness of breath, methods of diagnosis including ultrasound, and potential complications for both mother and fetus like preterm birth and cord prolapse. Treatment options discussed include bed rest, amniocentesis to reduce fluid levels, and ultimately delivery. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, providing nutrition, and counseling the family.
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Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the uterus. It can occur spontaneously through miscarriage or be induced. Spontaneous abortion occurs in about 15% of pregnancies and 6 million abortions occur in India each year, with 2 million being spontaneous. Causes of spontaneous abortion include genetic abnormalities, infections, cervical issues, and environmental factors like smoking. Symptoms of miscarriage include vaginal bleeding and cramping. Treatment depends on gestational age and involves rest, medication, and sometimes surgical evacuation of the uterus. Complications can include infection, bleeding, and psychological effects if not properly treated.
Amniotic fluid do
This document discusses amniotic fluid disorders including polyhydramnious and oligohydramnious. It describes how normal amniotic fluid levels change throughout pregnancy, peaking at 38 weeks. The two main abnormalities are defined as polyhydramnious (excess amniotic fluid over 2000ml) and oligohydramnious (less than 300-500ml at term). Causes, signs/symptoms, complications and management are described for each condition. Preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, and preterm labor are also summarized.
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oligohydramnios-171125104430 (1) (1).pptx
This document discusses normal amniotic fluid levels at different gestational ages and the causes and effects of oligohydramnios, or low amniotic fluid. Oligohydramnios can be caused by maternal or fetal conditions and can lead to complications for both mother and fetus, including problems during labor and risks for the fetus like skeletal deformities. Management includes counseling, serial ultrasounds to monitor fluid levels, considering amnioinfusion to increase fluid if severe oligohydramnios is detected, and close monitoring during labor.
oligohydramnios.pptx
The document discusses normal amniotic fluid levels at different gestational ages and defines oligohydramnios as a reduced amniotic fluid volume of less than 200ml at term or an amniotic fluid index of less than 5cm at 28-40 weeks gestation. Potential maternal and fetal causes of oligohydramnios are provided. Management involves counseling, serial ultrasounds, amnioinfusion if needed, and close monitoring during labor due to risks of fetal compromise, prolonged labor, and infection.
oligohydramnios.....................pptx
This document discusses normal amniotic fluid levels at different gestational ages and the causes and effects of oligohydramnios, or low amniotic fluid. It notes that oligohydramnios can be caused by maternal or fetal conditions and presents risks to both mother and fetus. Management involves counseling, serial ultrasounds to monitor fluid levels, consideration of amnioinfusion to increase fluid if severe oligohydramnios is detected, and close monitoring during labor due to increased risk of complications.
Oligohydramnios
This document discusses normal amniotic fluid levels at different gestational ages and the causes and effects of oligohydramnios, or low amniotic fluid. It notes that oligohydramnios can be caused by maternal or fetal conditions and presents risks to both mother and fetus. Management involves counseling, serial ultrasounds, amnioinfusion to increase fluid if needed, and close monitoring during labor due to risks of complications from reduced fluid levels like fetal distress, prolonged labor, and infection.
aabida-180525092650.pptx
Polyhydramnios is an excess of amniotic fluid, defined as over 2000 ml. It occurs in 1 in 1000 pregnancies and can be caused by fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, maternal diabetes or other conditions. It is classified as chronic or acute based on onset. Chronic polyhydramnios may cause dyspnea and edema in the mother. Ultrasound is used to diagnose and assess fetal presentation. Complications include preterm labor and delivery. Management focuses on relieving symptoms, investigating the cause, and addressing complications through bed rest, induction of labor, or termination of pregnancy if indicated.
royobgpolyhydramnios-200806125641.pptx
This document discusses polyhydramnios, or excess amniotic fluid during pregnancy. It begins with definitions of polyhydramnios and normal amniotic fluid volumes. It then covers the physiology of amniotic fluid, causes of excess fluid including fetal anomalies and diabetes, signs and symptoms such as abdominal pain and shortness of breath, methods of diagnosis including ultrasound, and potential complications for both mother and fetus like preterm birth and cord prolapse. Treatment options discussed include bed rest, amniocentesis to reduce fluid levels, and ultimately delivery. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, providing nutrition, and counseling the family.
PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND ROLE OF MIDWIVES IN ABORTION.pptx
Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the uterus. It can occur spontaneously through miscarriage or be induced. Spontaneous abortion occurs in about 15% of pregnancies and 6 million abortions occur in India each year, with 2 million being spontaneous. Causes of spontaneous abortion include genetic abnormalities, infections, cervical issues, and environmental factors like smoking. Symptoms of miscarriage include vaginal bleeding and cramping. Treatment depends on gestational age and involves rest, medication, and sometimes surgical evacuation of the uterus. Complications can include infection, bleeding, and psychological effects if not properly treated.
Amniotic fluid do
This document discusses amniotic fluid disorders including polyhydramnious and oligohydramnious. It describes how normal amniotic fluid levels change throughout pregnancy, peaking at 38 weeks. The two main abnormalities are defined as polyhydramnious (excess amniotic fluid over 2000ml) and oligohydramnious (less than 300-500ml at term). Causes, signs/symptoms, complications and management are described for each condition. Preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, and preterm labor are also summarized.
polyhydramnios.pptx
Polyhydramnios is a medical condition characterized by an excessive amount of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac. It occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 pregnancies. The causes can include fetal anomalies, placenta abnormalities, multiple pregnancies, and maternal health conditions like diabetes. Polyhydramnios is classified as chronic or acute based on the speed of onset and may cause maternal symptoms like dyspnea and leg edema. Ultrasound is used to diagnose and assess fetal well-being by examining amniotic fluid levels, fetal positioning, and checking for abnormalities. Management depends on gestational age, treatment response, and complications, and may involve amniocentesis, induction of labor, or termination
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This document provides definitions and information about premature rupture of membranes (PROM). It discusses the incidence, fetal membranes, causes, clinical presentation and diagnosis of PROM. Diagnostic tests mentioned include the nitrazine test, ferning, ultrasound, indigo carmine instillation and AmniSure. Complications of PROM for both mother and fetus are outlined. The document also covers management of term and preterm PROM, including maternal and fetal surveillance, antibiotics, steroids and tocolytics. Preterm birth is discussed in terms of definitions, significance, long-term disabilities, incidence, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations.
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The document discusses amniocentesis, which involves extracting a small amount of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac using ultrasound guidance to analyze fetal cells for chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disorders, and lung maturity. Amniocentesis allows for diagnosis of conditions like Down syndrome and helps assess risks from factors like advanced maternal age or family history. While generally low risk, potential complications include abortion and uterine infection in rare cases.
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- Risks of preterm birth include respiratory distress syndrome and intraventricular hemorrhage in infants.
- Diagnosis is based on cervical changes and regular uterine contractions. Tests like fibronectin can also help assess risk.
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4. PROM.ppt
This document provides information on premature rupture of membranes (PROM). It defines PROM as rupture of the amniotic sac more than one hour before the onset of labor after 28 weeks of gestation. The document discusses the types, causes, risks, diagnosis, and management of PROM depending on factors like gestational age and presence of infection. Management may include expectant care with antibiotics and steroids or induction of labor and delivery. Infection and preterm birth are risks of PROM that require close monitoring and treatment.
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Ectopic pregnancy
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PROM
This document discusses premature rupture of membranes (PROM), which is the spontaneous rupture of membranes before the onset of labor. It defines term and preterm PROM and discusses the diagnosis, causes, complications, and management of PROM. The key points are:
- PROM is diagnosed based on a history of leakage and physical exam findings like pooling of fluid. Tests like nitrazine and fern tests can also help diagnose.
- Causes of PROM can include infections, smoking, collagen deficiencies, mechanical stress from twins or polyhydramnios.
- Complications include infections, preterm labor and delivery, and respiratory distress in preterm infants.
- Management depends on gestational age,
Complications of third stage of labour
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Antenatal fetal surveillance dr rabi
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Polyhydramnios is a medical condition characterized by an excessive amount of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac. It occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 pregnancies. The causes can include fetal anomalies, placenta abnormalities, multiple pregnancies, and maternal health conditions like diabetes. Polyhydramnios is classified as chronic or acute based on the speed of onset and may cause maternal symptoms like dyspnea and leg edema. Ultrasound is used to diagnose and assess fetal well-being by examining amniotic fluid levels, fetal positioning, and checking for abnormalities. Management depends on gestational age, treatment response, and complications, and may involve amniocentesis, induction of labor, or termination
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- Diagnosis is based on cervical changes and regular uterine contractions. Tests like fibronectin can also help assess risk.
- Management involves arresting labor if possible using bed rest, hydration, antibiotics, and tocolytic drugs. Corticosteroids help lung development.
- If birth occurs, care focuses
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Molar pregnancy
The document describes a case report of a 32-year-old woman diagnosed with partial molar pregnancy. At her first visit at 13 weeks of gestation, an ultrasound found a live fetus and separate cystic mass in the placenta, leading to a provisional diagnosis of partial molar pregnancy. At her second visit two weeks later, blood tests found highly elevated beta HCG levels and albumin in the urine, confirming the diagnosis. The pregnancy was terminated and follow up treatment with chemotherapy was provided. Brief discussions of molar pregnancies, diagnostic roles of HCG, and differences between complete and partial moles are also included.
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Ectopic pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. This is a medical emergency because it threatens the life of the parent and is rarely viable. Risk factors include previous pelvic infections, surgery on the fallopian tubes, or use of an IUD. Symptoms may include abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Diagnosis is often made through ultrasound and beta-HCG levels. Treatment depends on whether the ectopic pregnancy has ruptured, and involves either medication with methotrexate or surgery.
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This document discusses premature rupture of membranes (PROM), which is the spontaneous rupture of membranes before the onset of labor. It defines term and preterm PROM and discusses the diagnosis, causes, complications, and management of PROM. The key points are:
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- Causes of PROM can include infections, smoking, collagen deficiencies, mechanical stress from twins or polyhydramnios.
- Complications include infections, preterm labor and delivery, and respiratory distress in preterm infants.
- Management depends on gestational age,
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- 1. Sharon Treesa Antony Second year M.sc nursing Govt. College of Nursing Kottayam
- 4. ⦿Fetal urine ⦿Fetal lung secretion ⦿Oral nasal secretion
- 6. ⦿8-24cm
- 7. ⦿It is defined as reduced amniotic fluid volume of < 200ml at term or AFI<5cm at 28- 40 weeks.
- 8. ⦿Maternal Conditions Hypertensive disorders Uteroplacental insufficiency Dehydration Idiopathic Post term pregnancy Prelabour rupture of membranes
- 9. ⦿Fetal conditions ⦿Renal agenesis ⦿Urinary tract obstruction ⦿Spontaneous rupture of membranes ⦿Intrauterine infection ⦿IUGR ⦿Drugs: PG inhibitors, ACE inhibitors ⦿Fetal chromosomal and structural abnormalities ⦿Amnion nodosum
- 10. ⦿Smaller uterine size ⦿Less fetal movements ⦿The uterus is “ full of fetus” ⦿Malpresentation ⦿Evidences of IUGR
- 11. ⦿History ⦿Watery/ blood stained vaginal discharge ⦿Hypertension ⦿Preeclampsia ⦿Pregestational hypertension ⦿APLA syndrome ⦿Family history Congenital anomalies Chromosomal abnormalities ⦿Medications
- 12. Physical examination ⦿ Small uterine size ⦿ Less fetal movements ⦿ Uterus is full of fetus ⦿ Malpresentations ⦿ IUGR ⦿ USG: AFI< 5cm ⦿ Speculum examination: watery vaginal discharge
- 13. ⦿Maternal ⦿Prolonged labour due to inertia ⦿Increased operative interference due to malpresentations ⦿Chorioamnionitis
- 14. ⦿ Fetal Due to etiology ⦿ Congenital anomalies ⦿ Chromosomal abnormalities ⦿ Fetal growth restriction ⦿ IUD ⦿ Intra uterine infection following ROM ⦿ Prematurity
- 15. Due to reduced amniotic fluid volume ⦿Skeletal deformities ⦿Contractures ⦿Amniotic bands and autoamputation ⦿Pulmonary hypoplasia ⦿Umbilical cord compression ⦿Meconium aspiration ⦿FHR abnormalities ⦿Low APGAR scores ⦿Intrapartum death
- 16. Management
- 18. ⦿Counselling ⦿Consider Amnioinfusion ⦿Serial USG ⦿Exclude PPROM ⦿Termination of pregnancy SOS
- 19. ⦿Deliver post term cases ⦿Serial USG and Doppler in IUGR ⦿Conservative management for preterm prelabor rupture of membranes till 34 weeks ⦿Idiopathic cases: NST, serial USG & BPP
- 20. ⦿Maternal hydration :1500-2000ml/day ( oral/ IV) ⦿Amnio infusion Abdominally/ trans cervically
- 21. ⦿USG to exclude placenta ⦿Painting and draping ⦿20 G needle ⦿Connected to sterile tubing, 3 way stopcock and a 50ml syringe ⦿NS is injected under USG ⦿Anti D SOS
- 22. ⦿Consent ⦿Baseline FHR, vital signs, uterine activity ⦿Monitor FHR and uterine activity ⦿Measure and mark fundal height and reassess every hour ⦿Notify if • non resolving variable deceleration even with 800ml of solution infused • Non reassuring maternal/fetal response • Intrauterine pressure> 25mmHg
- 23. According to ⦿ fetal condition and specific conditions such as ⦿ preeclampsia ⦿ growth restriction ⦿ fetal anomaly
- 24. ⦿Close monitoring by EFM ⦿Rupture the membranes in active phase of labor ⦿Amnioinfusion in case of meconium staining ⦿If FHR abnormality: immediate CS
- 25. ⦿ DFMC ⦿ Left lateral position ⦿ FHR monitoring ⦿ Administration of fluids ⦿ Anti D after amnioinfusion SOS ⦿ Close monitoring during labour
- 26. ⦿Risk for fetal compromise related to reduced amniotic fluid volume ⦿Risk for prolonged labor r/t uterine inertia ⦿Risk for infection related to premature rupture rupture of membranes ⦿Anxiety ⦿Ineffective coping
- 27. THANK YOU