This graph shows data for 4 categories over 5 time periods. It contains 3 data series that provide measurements for each category at each time period. The y-axis ranges from 0 to 5 but is not labeled with the measurement unit.
Dr. Awadhesh Kumar Sharma is an interventional cardiologist who has had an excellent academic career. The goal of this session is to provide a basic understanding of ECG waves and intervals, how to interpret ECGs, and describe key aspects of using ECGs clinically. An ECG represents the heart's electrical activity and can be used to identify arrhythmias, ischemia, chamber abnormalities, and other conditions. It is important to carefully analyze standardized ECGs by examining features like rhythm, intervals, voltages and assessing for any abnormalities.
Complication of acute Miocardialk infraction .pptSheliDuya2
This document discusses complications that can arise from an acute myocardial infarction (MI). It begins by outlining the ischemic cascade, describing the sequence of events that occur during a MI from early diastolic dysfunction to later chest pain symptoms and biomarker release. It then discusses specific complications based on the coronary artery involved, such as bradyarrhythmias and heart block from a right coronary artery MI or advanced heart block and ventricular arrhythmias from a left anterior descending artery MI. The document emphasizes thinking anatomically about each patient's specific coronary occlusion and considering mechanical issues like ventricular septal defects, mitral regurgitation, and cardiogenic shock.
The document lists various psychiatric terminology used in nursing including types of delirium, dementia, altered states of consciousness, abnormal behaviors, thought disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, and memory disorders. Key terms are delirium, dementia, delusion, hallucination, amnesia, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. The document provides an overview of important psychiatric concepts and terminology for nursing.
The document discusses personality disorders, defining them as enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about oneself and the environment that cause significant distress or impairment. It describes the main features of personality disorders and the clusters in the DSM-IV-TR (odd/eccentric, dramatic/emotional/erratic, and anxious/fearful). Treatment involves psychotherapy tailored to the specific disorder as well as potential pharmacotherapy to target symptoms. Personality disorders are generally difficult to treat but therapy can be helpful.
The document discusses Sigmund Freud's theory of personality development. Freud believed personality develops through stages from birth through adulthood. The key components of personality are the id, ego, and superego, which are constantly in conflict. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego mediates between the id and reality, and the superego incorporates societal morals. Freud proposed five psychosexual stages of development - oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital - where unresolved conflicts in early stages can impact personality long-term.
Antepartum haemorrhage (APH), or bleeding during pregnancy, can be caused by placenta praevia or abruption placentae. Placenta praevia occurs when the placenta implants in the lower uterine segment, potentially causing bleeding as the cervix dilates. Abruptio placentae involves premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterus, and risks include hypertension, smoking, and trauma. APH is a medical emergency treated initially with IV fluids and blood transfusions, with management depending on gestational age and severity of bleeding, potentially involving bed rest, corticosteroids, or caesarean delivery.
Mood disorders involve disturbances of mood accompanied by related cognitive, psychomotor, physiological and interpersonal difficulties. They are characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania or depression that are not due to other medical conditions. The main types of mood disorders are bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder and cyclothymic disorder. The disorders involve abnormalities in neurotransmitters like serotonin and catecholamines as well as genetic and environmental/psychosocial factors. Symptoms vary between disorders but can include changes in mood, thought patterns, speech, activity levels, appetite and sleep alongside possible psychotic features. Careful diagnosis involves evaluating the severity and duration of symptom episodes.
This document discusses mental defence mechanisms, which Sigmund Freud proposed as unconscious processes that protect individuals from anxiety, shame, loss of self-esteem, and other uncomfortable feelings. Defence mechanisms operate unconsciously and can be positive or negative. Positive mechanisms include compensation, sublimation, and rationalization, while negative mechanisms include projection, regression, and denial. The document provides definitions and examples of various defence mechanisms.
Dr. Awadhesh Kumar Sharma is an interventional cardiologist who has had an excellent academic career. The goal of this session is to provide a basic understanding of ECG waves and intervals, how to interpret ECGs, and describe key aspects of using ECGs clinically. An ECG represents the heart's electrical activity and can be used to identify arrhythmias, ischemia, chamber abnormalities, and other conditions. It is important to carefully analyze standardized ECGs by examining features like rhythm, intervals, voltages and assessing for any abnormalities.
Complication of acute Miocardialk infraction .pptSheliDuya2
This document discusses complications that can arise from an acute myocardial infarction (MI). It begins by outlining the ischemic cascade, describing the sequence of events that occur during a MI from early diastolic dysfunction to later chest pain symptoms and biomarker release. It then discusses specific complications based on the coronary artery involved, such as bradyarrhythmias and heart block from a right coronary artery MI or advanced heart block and ventricular arrhythmias from a left anterior descending artery MI. The document emphasizes thinking anatomically about each patient's specific coronary occlusion and considering mechanical issues like ventricular septal defects, mitral regurgitation, and cardiogenic shock.
The document lists various psychiatric terminology used in nursing including types of delirium, dementia, altered states of consciousness, abnormal behaviors, thought disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, and memory disorders. Key terms are delirium, dementia, delusion, hallucination, amnesia, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. The document provides an overview of important psychiatric concepts and terminology for nursing.
The document discusses personality disorders, defining them as enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about oneself and the environment that cause significant distress or impairment. It describes the main features of personality disorders and the clusters in the DSM-IV-TR (odd/eccentric, dramatic/emotional/erratic, and anxious/fearful). Treatment involves psychotherapy tailored to the specific disorder as well as potential pharmacotherapy to target symptoms. Personality disorders are generally difficult to treat but therapy can be helpful.
The document discusses Sigmund Freud's theory of personality development. Freud believed personality develops through stages from birth through adulthood. The key components of personality are the id, ego, and superego, which are constantly in conflict. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego mediates between the id and reality, and the superego incorporates societal morals. Freud proposed five psychosexual stages of development - oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital - where unresolved conflicts in early stages can impact personality long-term.
Antepartum haemorrhage (APH), or bleeding during pregnancy, can be caused by placenta praevia or abruption placentae. Placenta praevia occurs when the placenta implants in the lower uterine segment, potentially causing bleeding as the cervix dilates. Abruptio placentae involves premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterus, and risks include hypertension, smoking, and trauma. APH is a medical emergency treated initially with IV fluids and blood transfusions, with management depending on gestational age and severity of bleeding, potentially involving bed rest, corticosteroids, or caesarean delivery.
Mood disorders involve disturbances of mood accompanied by related cognitive, psychomotor, physiological and interpersonal difficulties. They are characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania or depression that are not due to other medical conditions. The main types of mood disorders are bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder and cyclothymic disorder. The disorders involve abnormalities in neurotransmitters like serotonin and catecholamines as well as genetic and environmental/psychosocial factors. Symptoms vary between disorders but can include changes in mood, thought patterns, speech, activity levels, appetite and sleep alongside possible psychotic features. Careful diagnosis involves evaluating the severity and duration of symptom episodes.
This document discusses mental defence mechanisms, which Sigmund Freud proposed as unconscious processes that protect individuals from anxiety, shame, loss of self-esteem, and other uncomfortable feelings. Defence mechanisms operate unconsciously and can be positive or negative. Positive mechanisms include compensation, sublimation, and rationalization, while negative mechanisms include projection, regression, and denial. The document provides definitions and examples of various defence mechanisms.
This document discusses normal amniotic fluid levels at different gestational ages and the causes and effects of oligohydramnios, or low amniotic fluid. It notes that oligohydramnios can be caused by maternal or fetal conditions and leads to risks for the fetus like skeletal deformities, contractures, and pulmonary hypoplasia. The management of oligohydramnios involves counseling, serial ultrasounds, amnioinfusion if needed, monitoring for signs of fetal distress, and delivery according to the specific conditions and gestational age.
Johann Christian Reil coined the term "psychiatry" and Philippe Pinel is considered the father of modern psychiatry. Linda Richards was the first formally trained psychiatric nurse. The document discusses the history and development of psychiatry and mental health nursing in India and worldwide, including important dates like the establishment of the first mental hospital in New York, passage of the Indian Lunacy Act in 1912, and implementation of the National Mental Health Program in India in 1982. It also reviews global organizations involved in mental health like WHO, components of mental health, and prevention strategies in psychiatry nursing.
This document provides guidance on newborn assessment and examination. It outlines the objectives, indications, terminology, required equipment, and process for assessing a newborn. Key points include:
- The objectives are to assess the newborn's development, well-being, and detect any deviations from normal. Examinations should occur within 2 hours of birth, before discharge, and after 6-8 weeks.
- The assessment includes checking vital signs, physical measurements, skin appearance, reflexes and neurological responses. Specific areas of the body are examined including the head, eyes, chest, abdomen, extremities and genitalia.
- Common reflexes in newborns like Moro's reflex and Babinski reflex
This document outlines postnatal exercises for new mothers. It defines postnatal exercises as physical exercises performed after birth to optimize health and prevent complications. The purposes are to improve muscle tone stretched during pregnancy/labor, educate on posture, minimize blood clot risk, and prevent issues like back pain, prolapse, and incontinence. Exercise types include abdominal, circulatory, pelvic floor, and chest exercises. Specific exercises are described like abdominal breathing, head lifts, leg raises, and pelvic floor contractions. The document provides instructions for safely performing postnatal exercises.
This document discusses postnatal care and counseling. It describes examining the health of the mother and baby, providing advice on breastfeeding, family planning, and postpartum exercises. The composition of colostrum and breast milk is compared. Advice is given on returning to daily activities and follow-up appointments are scheduled to continue monitoring progress.
schizophrenia is most common psychiatric condition characterized by disturbance in thinking, emotion and volition with presence of clear consciousness.
This document discusses therapeutic communication and the nurse-patient relationship. It covers key aspects like the goals of therapeutic communication including establishing trust and identifying patient needs. It also describes the different phases of the therapeutic relationship from orientation to termination. Specific techniques for therapeutic communication are provided, such as active listening, reflection, clarification and self-disclosure. The importance of self-awareness for nurses and understanding dynamics using models like the Johari Window are also highlighted. Maintaining privacy, respect and using touch appropriately are emphasized as important aspects of effective therapeutic communication.
This document discusses lactation and postnatal care. It describes the stages of lactation, types of breast milk, and composition differences between colostrum and mature milk. Postnatal care aims to assess mother and baby health, provide family planning guidance, and detect/treat any medical issues. Examinations of the mother include vital signs and pelvic checks. Advice covers breastfeeding, exercise, nutrition, and contraception. Complications are outlined as well as treatments for issues like infection, bleeding, or vaginal problems.
This document discusses normal amniotic fluid levels at different gestational ages and the causes and effects of oligohydramnios, or low amniotic fluid. It notes that oligohydramnios can be caused by maternal or fetal conditions and leads to risks for the fetus like skeletal deformities, contractures, and pulmonary hypoplasia. The management of oligohydramnios involves counseling, serial ultrasounds, amnioinfusion if needed, monitoring for signs of fetal distress, and delivery according to the specific conditions and gestational age.
Johann Christian Reil coined the term "psychiatry" and Philippe Pinel is considered the father of modern psychiatry. Linda Richards was the first formally trained psychiatric nurse. The document discusses the history and development of psychiatry and mental health nursing in India and worldwide, including important dates like the establishment of the first mental hospital in New York, passage of the Indian Lunacy Act in 1912, and implementation of the National Mental Health Program in India in 1982. It also reviews global organizations involved in mental health like WHO, components of mental health, and prevention strategies in psychiatry nursing.
This document provides guidance on newborn assessment and examination. It outlines the objectives, indications, terminology, required equipment, and process for assessing a newborn. Key points include:
- The objectives are to assess the newborn's development, well-being, and detect any deviations from normal. Examinations should occur within 2 hours of birth, before discharge, and after 6-8 weeks.
- The assessment includes checking vital signs, physical measurements, skin appearance, reflexes and neurological responses. Specific areas of the body are examined including the head, eyes, chest, abdomen, extremities and genitalia.
- Common reflexes in newborns like Moro's reflex and Babinski reflex
This document outlines postnatal exercises for new mothers. It defines postnatal exercises as physical exercises performed after birth to optimize health and prevent complications. The purposes are to improve muscle tone stretched during pregnancy/labor, educate on posture, minimize blood clot risk, and prevent issues like back pain, prolapse, and incontinence. Exercise types include abdominal, circulatory, pelvic floor, and chest exercises. Specific exercises are described like abdominal breathing, head lifts, leg raises, and pelvic floor contractions. The document provides instructions for safely performing postnatal exercises.
This document discusses postnatal care and counseling. It describes examining the health of the mother and baby, providing advice on breastfeeding, family planning, and postpartum exercises. The composition of colostrum and breast milk is compared. Advice is given on returning to daily activities and follow-up appointments are scheduled to continue monitoring progress.
schizophrenia is most common psychiatric condition characterized by disturbance in thinking, emotion and volition with presence of clear consciousness.
This document discusses therapeutic communication and the nurse-patient relationship. It covers key aspects like the goals of therapeutic communication including establishing trust and identifying patient needs. It also describes the different phases of the therapeutic relationship from orientation to termination. Specific techniques for therapeutic communication are provided, such as active listening, reflection, clarification and self-disclosure. The importance of self-awareness for nurses and understanding dynamics using models like the Johari Window are also highlighted. Maintaining privacy, respect and using touch appropriately are emphasized as important aspects of effective therapeutic communication.
This document discusses lactation and postnatal care. It describes the stages of lactation, types of breast milk, and composition differences between colostrum and mature milk. Postnatal care aims to assess mother and baby health, provide family planning guidance, and detect/treat any medical issues. Examinations of the mother include vital signs and pelvic checks. Advice covers breastfeeding, exercise, nutrition, and contraception. Complications are outlined as well as treatments for issues like infection, bleeding, or vaginal problems.