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Olease report on all requested information below and submit to the Science Team Leader. The Science Team -eader will then aggregate all reports for submission to Mission Control. 1. What was the protein sequence for the FOXP2 gene from Taeniopygia guttata. How similar or different was it than the protein from Strideo magna? 2. How similar or different were the gene sequences for the genes for Taeniopygia guttata and Strideo magna? How many bases were different? Were there any bases that you couldn't be sure of in any of the codons? Why? Would that variation in bases affect the overall sequence of amino acids in the protein? 3. Why would a similarity in genes indicate a shared evolutionary history? 4. What are the roles of mRNA, tRNA and rRNA in translation? 5. What role does mutation play in the evolution of a species and the development of new characteristics?.
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1 At least 2 questions from this section will be on the .docx
1
At least 2 questions from this section will be on the final exam
SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR THE FINAL EXAM
Question 1. Ferritin is a protein involved in the storage of iron inside cells. To prevent toxic accumulation of
too much iron inside cells, the intracellular level of ferritin is tightly regulated. To study the regulation of
ferritin synthesis, mammalian cells are grown with or without iron in the culture medium. Note that iron in the
culture medium is rapidly transported inside cells.
a) Upon addition of iron to the culture medium, the intracellular concentration of ferritin mRNA is unchanged
but the concentration of ferritin protein increases. How do you think ferritin expression is regulated? Briefly
explain.
The regulatory sequence given below is found in the ferritin mRNA between the cap structure and the start
codon.
5’-GGGUUUCCGUUCAACAGUGCUUGGACGGAAACCC-3’
Mutations within in this sequence are used to study the regulation of ferritin expression. The following
observation are made:
• ferritin expression is high, independent of the iron concentration, when (i) the entire region is deleted, or
(ii) the region located upstream of the underlined sequence is deleted or (iii) the underlined sequence is
replaced with a random sequence.
• ferritin expression remains iron-dependent when this region is replaced by the following sequence:
5’-GGGCUCAGGUUCAACAGUGCUUGGACCUGAGCCC-3’.
Note that the sequence differences are indicated in bold.
b) Explain why these observations suggest that both sequence and structure of the 5’ end of ferritin mRNA are
important for the regulation of ferritin expression.
c) Ferritin translation becomes iron-independent when the regulatory sequence is moved from the 5’ side
(upstream of the open reading frame) to the 3’ side (downstream of the open reading frame) of ferritin mRNA.
Which step of ferritin translation do you think is affected by the intracellular level of iron?
d) IRP is a protein involved in the regulation of ferritin expression. Anti-IRP antibodies attached to sepharose
beads are added to a cell extract, then the extract is centrifuged to separate the pellet fraction (containing the
sepharose beads ) from the supernatant fraction.
If the cells are cultured in the absence of iron, ferritin mRNA is found together with IRP in the pellet. In
contrast when cells are cultured in the presence of iron ferritin mRNA remains in the supernatant fraction while
IRP alone is found in the pellet. Briefly explain the likely role of IRP in the regulation of ferritin expression.
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LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins
are firstly discovered in seeds and then identified in vegetative tissues of different plant species. They are mainly
regulated under abiotic stress conditions. Although genome
wide studies of different gene family members have been
performed in cucumber, there is no such a study for LEA
genes. We have identified 79 LEA genes in the cucumber
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4) IRESs can be studied in vitro using rabbit reticulocyte lysate to determine their ability to independently initiate translation of a downstream cistron.
Control of gene expression in plants
Gene expression is regulated through a variety of mechanisms that control which genes are expressed in a cell. These mechanisms include regulation of transcription, post-transcriptional modification, RNA transport and translation. Regulation allows cells to increase or decrease expression of genes as needed and is essential for cellular differentiation in multicellular organisms. Gene expression can be regulated at many stages including chromatin structure, transcription, RNA processing and protein modification.
s41598-020-71015-9.pdf
This document describes a study that investigated the seminal plasma proteome of Holstein bulls with low and high sperm freezability. Label-free mass spectrometry identified 1,445 seminal plasma proteins. There were 338 proteins differentially expressed between bulls with low and high freezability. Specific proteins were identified as markers of each phenotype, with BSP5 and seminal ribonuclease associated with high freezability and spermadhesin-1, gelsolin, and peroxiredoxin-5 associated with low freezability. Regression models found sperm freezability scores were related to levels of peroxiredoxin-5, spermadhesin-1, and their interaction. This research provides insights
Modulation of pluripotency in the porcine embryo and i ps cells (Dec.27,2012)
1) The study investigated signaling pathways involved in formation of the porcine inner cell mass (ICM) and methods to increase pluripotency in porcine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
2) They found that inhibiting MEK and GSK3β signaling pathways in porcine embryos and iPSCs, combined with LIF treatment, promoted a naive pluripotent state similar to mouse ESCs.
3) Naive piPSCs expressed genes associated with naive pluripotency and showed higher germline differentiation potential than non-naive piPSCs. The study provides insights into regulating pluripotency in
Allele mining
The document discusses allele mining, which aims to identify allelic variations in genetic resources collections that are relevant for traits of interest. It describes how allele mining works to unlock hidden genetic variation by identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms and new haplotypes. The document then provides details on a case study of allele mining focused on three genes - calmodulin, LEA3, and SalT - important for abiotic stress tolerance in rice and related species. Primers were developed to amplify regions of these three genes from 64 accessions representing rice and other grasses.
1 At least 2 questions from this section will be on the .docx
1
At least 2 questions from this section will be on the final exam
SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR THE FINAL EXAM
Question 1. Ferritin is a protein involved in the storage of iron inside cells. To prevent toxic accumulation of
too much iron inside cells, the intracellular level of ferritin is tightly regulated. To study the regulation of
ferritin synthesis, mammalian cells are grown with or without iron in the culture medium. Note that iron in the
culture medium is rapidly transported inside cells.
a) Upon addition of iron to the culture medium, the intracellular concentration of ferritin mRNA is unchanged
but the concentration of ferritin protein increases. How do you think ferritin expression is regulated? Briefly
explain.
The regulatory sequence given below is found in the ferritin mRNA between the cap structure and the start
codon.
5’-GGGUUUCCGUUCAACAGUGCUUGGACGGAAACCC-3’
Mutations within in this sequence are used to study the regulation of ferritin expression. The following
observation are made:
• ferritin expression is high, independent of the iron concentration, when (i) the entire region is deleted, or
(ii) the region located upstream of the underlined sequence is deleted or (iii) the underlined sequence is
replaced with a random sequence.
• ferritin expression remains iron-dependent when this region is replaced by the following sequence:
5’-GGGCUCAGGUUCAACAGUGCUUGGACCUGAGCCC-3’.
Note that the sequence differences are indicated in bold.
b) Explain why these observations suggest that both sequence and structure of the 5’ end of ferritin mRNA are
important for the regulation of ferritin expression.
c) Ferritin translation becomes iron-independent when the regulatory sequence is moved from the 5’ side
(upstream of the open reading frame) to the 3’ side (downstream of the open reading frame) of ferritin mRNA.
Which step of ferritin translation do you think is affected by the intracellular level of iron?
d) IRP is a protein involved in the regulation of ferritin expression. Anti-IRP antibodies attached to sepharose
beads are added to a cell extract, then the extract is centrifuged to separate the pellet fraction (containing the
sepharose beads ) from the supernatant fraction.
If the cells are cultured in the absence of iron, ferritin mRNA is found together with IRP in the pellet. In
contrast when cells are cultured in the presence of iron ferritin mRNA remains in the supernatant fraction while
IRP alone is found in the pellet. Briefly explain the likely role of IRP in the regulation of ferritin expression.
Question 2. You are studying the development of a newly discovered insect. Like drosophila, it undergoes a
stage in early larval development where the eve gene is expressed in a pattern of 7 stripes. You are particularly
interested in stripes 2 and 5. The following figures show the organization of the cis-acting elements that control
the expression o ...
Language and speech disorders genetics.pptx
FOXP2 gene is thought to be required for proper development of speech & language regions of the brain during embryogenesis, and may be involved in a variety of biological pathways & cascades that may ultimately influence language development
Identification and expression analysis of LEA gene family members in cucumber...
LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins
are firstly discovered in seeds and then identified in vegetative tissues of different plant species. They are mainly
regulated under abiotic stress conditions. Although genome
wide studies of different gene family members have been
performed in cucumber, there is no such a study for LEA
genes. We have identified 79 LEA genes in the cucumber
genome. Based on phylogenetic analysis, CsLEA genes
could be classified into seven groups in which structural
motifs are relatively conserved. Tandem duplications play
an important role in cucumber genome for LEA gene
expansion. Orthologous and chromosomal relationships of
CsLEA genes were observed based on comparative mapping analysis with other species. The in silico micro-RNA
(miRNA) target analyses indicated that 37 CsLEA genes
were targeted by different miRNAs, especially mir854 and
mir414 are the most abundant identified ones. Public
available RNA-seq data were analyzed for expression
analysis of CsLEA genes in different tissues of cucumber
Similar to Olease report on all requested information below and submit to the Sc.pdf (20)
Modulation of pluripotency in the porcine embryo and i ps cells (Dec.27,2012)
Modulation of pluripotency in the porcine embryo and i ps cells (Dec.27,2012)
1 At least 2 questions from this section will be on the .docx
1 At least 2 questions from this section will be on the .docx
Identification and expression analysis of LEA gene family members in cucumber...
Identification and expression analysis of LEA gene family members in cucumber...
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On April 19, 2021, Millipede Machinery sold a tractor to Thomas Hartwood, accepting a note
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1 in A+ ad
TABLE 2 Present Value of $1n,$1
TABLE 3 Future Value of an Ordinary Annuity of $1FVA=i(1+i)n1
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final settlement of 10 February 202. Although Grey Dog Limited delivered all baskets to the
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and 'contract liability' and identify the essential difference between each of these terms. b) List
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Matthew Limited manufactures specialised plant and equipment for various customers. On 15
October 20X0, Matthew Limited entered into an agreement with Luke to design and construct a
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commonly called an 'earthship'. The contract meets all the necessary requirements to be
considered a 'contract with a customer' in terms of IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with
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specifications. Matthew Limited commences work to rectify issues identified on the same date. -
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All amounts due were settled on this date. Due to delays in the construction of the plumbing
system, Luke requested Matthew Limited retain the plumbing system for a few more days as
Luke was now working on another part of the earthship with the result that it was now currently
inconvenient to take delivery. - Matthew Limited has agreed to store the system in a secure
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On April 3, 2000 Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson issued his conclusions of law regarding the
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software firm's actions in the PC operating system. Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system was
then competing with other versions of DOS, mostnotably DRI-DOS, as well as otheroperating
systems, such as the MacOS. Microsoft clearly dominated this market, but DRI-DOS's market
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strategies that were nothing less than brilliant. First, it forced original equipment manufacturers
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products (tied sales) in a way that effectively disadvantaged third-party suppliers who could only
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On April 19, 2011, system administrators at Sonys On April 22, Sony .pdf
On April 19, 2011, system administrators at Sony's On April 22, Sony informed the FBI of the
potential online gaming service PlayStation Network (PSN), with massive data leakage. On April
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legislation requiring corporations to on some of its 130 servers spread across the globe and
announce their data breaches (there is no similar federal 50 software programs. The PlayStation
Network is used law at this time), and made a public announcement that by Sony game machine
owners to play against one hackers had stolen some personal information from all another, chat
online, and watch video streamed over the 77 million users, and possibly credit card information
internet. The largest single data breach in Internet from 12 million users. Sony did not know
exactly what On April 20, Sony engineers discovered that some The hackers corrupted Sony's
servers, causing them to history was taking place. data had likely been transferred from its
servers to mysteriously reboot. The rogue program deleted all log outside computers. The nature
of the data transferred files to hide its operation. Once inside Sony's servers, the was not yet
known but it could have included credit card rogue software transferred personal and credit card
and personal information of PlayStation customers. information on millions of PlayStation
users, On May 2. Because of the uncertainty of the data loss, Sony shut. Sony shut down a
second service, Sony Online down its entire global PlayStation network when it real-
Entertainment, a San Diego-based subsidiary that makes ized it no longer controlled the personal
information multiplayer games for personal computers. Sony believed contained on these
servers.
The tocal Secy data frracb now sumben oner too of secutaly, whatener it wis, ther believe in wai
Aacker. Acoording to Song, hackers kel a lees file are kecion. Anorg moev is the thame of an
leierset collactive of hackites and wigilandes whose mocto is "We was Google' haman teiources
department. had attacked MasterCatd and ceher onchuary serven in the Purdon Whionity Ccoter
for Baducation and retaliation for curtina their financiel irlationihipi with Wesearch in
Iaformation Assurance and Secuiricy Widibeaks a Web site drvoted to releationg secret Amer-
(CE.R1AS). Gild the problem at Soay was that ele ican poverment filek. PlaySiation Netwek was
asing an oldcr verviot of Socy and cehers believe the hacktr atrack. which Apache Web server
loftware, which has well knoon follownd wecks of a denial-of iervice atiack on the same lecurity
iswes. In astition. Sony's Wob site had uet) Soey servers. was netaliation by Anogymoer for
Sony's poor fifen all pectection. He said the pecblemi wit civil seit a paint Gicoge flote, ooe of
the world's beit fepotied on an open foriam months before the incidetik x. known hackers. Holte
cracked the iFhnoe operationg US. Secret Servise agcet told the comminise thail.
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measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and patch management. - Implement the
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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