Old Testament (OT) Journey 33-35 v. 2

GOD’S TOUCHPOINTS
Old Testament (OT) Journey
Lesson 33: Ezekiel, the Watchman
Old Testament Summary
The Patriarchal Ages
The Judges
The Reign of Royalty
The Prophetic Era

OT Journey- The Prophetic Era
• The Early Prophets
• Elijah, the Prophet who
never Died
• Isaiah, the Lord has Saved
• Jeremiah, Jehovah Throws
• Daniel, Highly Esteemed
of God
• Daniel, Visions of the
Future
• Ezekiel, the Watchman
• The Minor Prophets
• Israel Restored to Receive
Christ

Presentation Overview
• Background
• The Watchman
• Through actions
• Through preaching
• The Visionary – Israel’s
Future
• A new heart
• Bones to life
• Temple restored
• The Last Great battle
• The World Beyond
• Angels
• Devils

Timeline of the Prophets
Walls
rebuilt 444

Times of the Gentiles [1]
• Babylonian captivity – 600 BC ->
• Silent years – 445 BC ->
• Church age – AD 30 ->
• Rapture/Tribulation/Glorious Appearing
• Millennium
Church Age 7 yr. Tribulation Millennium Heaven
Cross
Rapture
Glorious
Appearing
Great White
Throne

Ezekiel [2]
• Born in 622 B.C., in the bright days of Judah and Josiah
• His name means “God strengthens” (2:5; 3:7-8)
• A priest (age 30), then a prophet (1:3)
• Married (24:15-18)
• Witnessed the captivity of 605 B.C.
• Carried captive in 597 B.C. to Babylon (Judah continued
downward spiral - Ezek. 2:4; 3:7; 5:11; 6:13; 8:1; 9:9; etc.)
• Began preaching in 592 B.C., when he was 30 years old
(Jerusalem fell in 586 B.C.)

Ezekiel
The situation on the River Chebar in
Babylon was mixed [2]:
• Some were pious (Psa. 137)
• Others were idolatrous (Ezek. 14:4; 20:30)
• Many rejected Ezekiel (Ezek. 14:1-3; 18:19,25;
20:49; 33:32)
• Most thought their stay would be short (Ezek.
13:16-19; see Jer. 29:5ff)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKh_U2NnIs
8&t=3s

The Watchman – His Role
God calls Ezekiel to be a watchman (Ezekiel 3:17).
He renews the call later(Ezekiel 33). He was to:
• Demolish delusions –
that Jerusalem could never be
destroyed; that the exile would end soon
• Expose apostasy – thereby showing why God
was punishing Judah (and the nations) with
judgment
• Awaken repentance –to inherit future promises
• Stimulate hope – for a better tomorrow with the
promise of restoration

The Watchman – Through Actions
Ezekiel 4:4 “Then lie on your left side, and place the punishment of the
house of Israel upon it. For the number of the days that you lie on
it, you shall bear their punishment. 5 For I assign to you a number of
days, 390 days, equal to the number of the years of their
punishment. So long shall you bear the punishment of the house of
Israel. 6 And when you have completed these, you shall lie down a
second time, but on your right side, and bear the punishment of the
house of Judah. Forty days I assign you, a day for each year.

The Watchman –Through Preaching
Message of Evangelist’sAccountability
Ezekiel 3:18 When I say to a wicked person, 'You will
surely die,' and you do not warn them or speak out to
dissuade them from their evil ways in order to save their
life, that wicked person will die for their sin, and I will
hold you accountable for their blood.

The Watchman –Through Preaching
Message of Evangelist’sAccountability
Ezekiel 2:5 As for them, whether they listen or not—
for they are a rebellious house—they will know
that a prophet has been among them. 6 And you, son of man,
neither fear them nor fear their words, though thistles and thorns
are with you and you sit on scorpions; neither fear their words
nor be dismayed at their presence, for they are a rebellious
house. 7 But you shall speak My words to them whether
they listen or not, for they are rebellious.

The Watchman – Through Preaching
Message of Individual Responsibility
Ezekiel 18:1 The word of the Lord came to me: Son of man, 2 what is
the meaning of this proverb you recite in the land of Israel:
“Parents eat sour grapes,
but the children’s teeth are set on edge”?
3 As I live—oracle of the Lord God: I swear that none of you will ever
repeat this proverb in Israel. 4 For all life is mine: the life of the parent is
like the life of the child, both are mine. Only the one who sins shall die!

The Watchman - Through Preaching
Message of Individual Responsibility
Deuteronomy 24:16 Parents shall not be put to death for
their children, nor shall children be put to death for their
parents; only for one’s own crime shall a person
be put to death.

The Visionary – Israel’s Future
ANew Heart
24 “‘For I will take you out of
the nations; I will gather you
from all the countries and
bring you back into your own
land. 25 I will sprinkle clean
water on you, and you will
be clean; I will cleanse you
from all your impurities and
from all your idols. 26 I will
give you a new heart and
put a new spirit in you; I
will remove from you your
heart of stone and give
you a heart of flesh.
Ezekiel 36

The Visionary– Israel’s Future
Dry Bones to Life
Ezekiel 37:4 Then he said to me,
“Prophesy to these bones and say
to them, ‘Dry bones, hear the
word of the Lord! 5 This is what
the Sovereign Lord says to these
bones: I will make breath enter
you, and you will come to life. 6 I
will attach tendons to you and
make flesh come upon you and
cover you with skin; I will put
breath in you, and you will
come to life. Then you will
know that I am the Lord.’”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=6dafYxu8cQQ

The Temple Restored
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNmERZkT6JM
Why would there be sacrifices in the millenium temple
(Ezekiel 40) when Jesus already died?

The Millenial Rule of Christ
Satan Bound 1000 Years
Revelation 20:1 Then I saw an angel coming down from
heaven, having the key to the bottomless pit and a great
chain in his hand. 2 He laid hold of the dragon, that serpent
of old, who is the Devil and Satan, and bound him for a
thousand years; 3 and he cast him into the bottomless pit,
and shut him up, and set a seal on him, so that he
should deceive the nations no more till the
thousand years were finished. But after these
things he must be released for a little while.

The Millenial Rule of Christ
The Saints Reign with Christ 1000 Years
Revelation 20:4 And I saw thrones, and they sat on them,
and judgment was committed to them. Then I saw the souls
of those who had been beheaded for their witness to Jesus
and for the word of God, who had not worshiped the
beast or his image, and had not received his mark on their
foreheads or on their hands. And they lived and reigned
with Christ for a thousand years. 5 But the rest of the
dead did not live again until the thousand years were
finished. This is the first resurrection. 6 Blessed and
holy is he who has part in the first resurrection. Over
such the second death has no power, but they shall
be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with Him a
thousand years.

King of the North – 3 major attacks
• Daniel 11 refers to “the king of the north” on two
occasions one around Christ’s first coming and the other
around his second coming.
• Ezekiel 38,39 refer to the strong attack from “Gog
(person-king of the north) and Magog (place)” in Daniel/
Revelation, on Israel when they are dwelling securely
This corresponds to Chapters 19:11–21:8 of Revelation
describing Satan’s imprisonment for a thousand years, and
on release, he will rally "the nations in the four corners of
the Earth, Gog and Magog," to a final battle with
Christ and his saints

The last battle – Gog and Magog
Revelation 20:7 When the thousand years are completed,
Satan will be released from his prison, 8 and will come out
to deceive the nations which are in the four corners of the
earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together for the war;
the number of them is like the sand of the seashore. 9 And
they came up on the broad plain of the earth and
surrounded the camp of the saints and the beloved city,
and fire came down from heaven and devoured them.
10 And the devil who deceived them was thrown into the
lake of fire and [f]brimstone, where the beast and the false
prophet are also; and they will be tormented day and night
forever and ever.

The World Beyond
Fall of Lucifer
Ezekiel 28:12 “‘You were the seal of
perfection,
full of wisdom and perfect in beauty.
13 You were in Eden,
the garden of God;
every precious stone adorned you:
carnelian, chrysolite and emerald,
topaz, onyx and jasper,
lapis lazuli, turquoise and beryl.
…….
17 Your heart became proud
on account of your beauty,
and you corrupted your wisdom
because of your splendor.
So I threw you to the earth;
I made a spectacle of you before Kings

The World Beyond
The Cherubim
Ezekiel 1:5 and in the fire was
what looked like four living
creatures. In appearance their
form was human, 6 but each of
them had four faces and
four wings.7 Their legs were
straight; their feet were like
those of a calf and gleamed
like burnished bronze. 8 Under
their wings on their four sides
they had human hands. All
four of them had faces and
wings.

Recap
• The Watchman
• Through Preaching
• Through Actions
• The Visionary – Israel’s
Future
• A New Heart
• Bones to Life
• Temple Restored
• 3 Major Attacks
• The World Beyond
• Angels
• Devils

Interpretation of Prophetic Passages
A passage is interpreted literally unless:
• It would result in an absurd conclusion
• It would result in promoting immoral behavior
• It would contradict an interpretation given by another
Bible writer
• It would contradict clear teaching in other books of the
Bible

Discussion
• Who should we “watch over”?
• Does “their blood be on our heads” apply to us?
• How can we bear the burden of the sins of others?
• In what way are we like Ezekiel What lessons do we learn
from the book of Ezekiel?
• Can dry bones live? How?

References: End Time Prophecies [2]
Regathering
of Israel
Is. 11:11-12; Ezek. 37:21
Rom. 9-11
The Great
Tribulation
Dan. 9:27; 7:25; 12:7
Matt. 24:21; Rev. 11:2-3; 12:14; 13:5
Antichrist Dan. 7:8; 9:26-27
2 Th. 2:3-10; Rev. 13:1-10
Abomination
of Desolation
Dan. 9:27; 12:11
Matt. 24:15; 2 Th. 2:3-4; Rev. 13:14-15
The Second
Coming
Dan. 2:44; 7:13-14
Rev. 19:11; 20:1,4

References
1. Dr. Heinz Lycklama
2. Chris Reeves
3. Mounce 1998, p. 372.

GOD’S TOUCHPOINTS
Lesson 34: The Minor Prophets
The Judges
The Prophetic Era

never died
• Daniel, Highly Esteemed
of God
Future
• Israel Restored to Receive
Christ

The Minor Prophets
• Timeline
• Summary
• Some “latter days” prophecies

Minor Prophets – Summary [1]
Group Book Approximate Dates
Pre-Exilic
Prophets of Israel
Jonah
Amos
Hosea
780-850
765-750
755-715
Pre-Exilic
Prophets of Judah
Obadiah
Joel
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
840
835-796
740-690
630-612
606-604
625
Post-Exilic Prophets
Prophets of the Returned Remnant
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi
520
515
430

Hosea – with the Prostitute
Object lesson to:
• Israel’s “adulterous
affairs”
• God’s willingness to
forgive

Jonah – The Reluctant Prophet
• Attempted running
away from God
• Praised God in the
belly of the fish
• Complained when his
message was effective
at Ninevah
• Furious when personal
comfort was removed

AMOS – the Plumbline
• A simple shepherd
• Preached message to
complacent, spiritually
lazy, and hypocritical,
unjust Israel
• Slavery, greed, and
mistreatment of the
poor, rampant.

Joel
Prophesies
• The Judgment as an
invasion of locusts
• The pouring out of the
Holy Spirit

Micah – Right Living
Not false prophets
Not hypocritical religion,
but
obedience

Nahum – Judgement to Assyria

Habakkuk – Live by Faith
Habakkuk 1:3
Habakkuk: “Why do you
make me look at
injustice?
Why do you
tolerate wrongdoing?
Destruction and violence are
before me; there is strife, and
conflict abounds.”
God: Habakkuk 1:5 “Look at
the nations and watch—and
be utterly amazed
Habakkuk 2:4 “The
righteous person will
live by his faithfulness”

Zephaniah – Judgment and Restoration
• Judgment to both Israel
and other nations
• Restoration of Israel
Zephaniah 3:9 “Then I will
purify the lips of the
peoples, that all of them
may call on the name of
the Lord and serve him
shoulder to
shoulder.”

Haggai
Haggai 2:3-5 “Who of you is left
who saw this house in its former
glory? How does it look to you
now? Does it not seem to you like
nothing? But now be strong,
Zerubbabel,” declares the LORD.
“Be strong, Joshua son of
Jozadak, the high priest. Be
strong, all you people of the
land,” declares the LORD, “and
work. For I am with you,” declares
the LORD Almighty. “This is what I
covenanted with you when you
came out of Egypt. And my Spirit
remains among you. Do not
fear.”

Zechariah - End Days
Mourning for the Pierced One
Zechariah 12:10 “And I will pour
on the house of David and on the
inhabitants of Jerusalem the Spirit
of grace and supplication; then
they will look on Me whom
they pierced. Yes, they will
mourn for Him as one mourns
for his only son, and grieve for Him
as one grieves for a firstborn.

Idolatry Cut Off
Zechariah 13:1 “In that day a
fountain shall be opened
for the house of David and
for the inhabitants of
Jerusalem, for sin and
for uncleanness.

The Millenial Kingdom
Zechariah 14:9 And the Lord shall be King over all the
earth. In that day it shall be “The Lord is one,” And His name
one.10 All the land shall be turned into a plain from Geba to
Rimmon south of Jerusalem. Jerusalem shall be raised up
and inhabited in her place from Benjamin’s Gate to the place of
the First Gate and the Corner Gate, and from the Tower of
Hananel to the king’s winepresses.11 The people shall dwell in it;
And no longer shall there be utter destruction, But Jerusalem
shall be safely inhabited.12 And this shall be the plague with
which the Lord will strike all the people who fought against
Jerusalem: Their flesh shall dissolve while they stand on their
feet, their eyes shall dissolve in their sockets, and their tongues
shall dissolve in their mouths.

The Nations Worship the King
Zechariah 14:14 Judah also will fight at Jerusalem. And the
wealth of all the surrounding nations Shall be gathered
together: Gold, silver, and apparel in great abundance. 15
Such also shall be the plague. On the horse and the mule,
On the camel and the donkey, And on all the cattle that will
be in those camps. So shall this plague be.
16 And it shall come to pass that everyone who is left
of all the nations which came against
Jerusalem shall go up from year to year
to worship the King, the Lord of hosts, and to
keep the Feast of Tabernacles.

Feast of Tabernacles 2016- 20 nations
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wHYGtTP_Yc

Holiness
Zechariah 14:20 In that day “HOLINESS TO THE LORD”
shall be engraved on the bells of the horses. The pots in
the Lord’s house shall be like the bowls before the
altar. 21 Yes, every pot in Jerusalem and Judah
shall be holiness to the Lord of hosts. Everyone who
sacrifices shall come and take them and cook in them. In
that day there shall no longer be a Canaanite in the house
of the Lord of hosts.

The Remnant
Zechariah 13:8 And it shall come to pass in all the land,”
Says the Lord,
“That two-thirds in it shall be cut off and die,
But one-third shall be left in it: 9 I will bring the one-
third through the fire, Will refine them as silver is refined,
And test them as gold is tested. They will call on My name,
And I will answer them. I will say, ‘This is My people’;
And each one will say, ‘The Lord is my God.’”

The Prophetic Books - Flashback
• “The overall picture the prophetic books paint is of a
people desperately in need of a divine mediator to save
them from their sin”.[2]
• The stage is set for the Messiah, though few were
prepared for the way he made his appearance in our
world.

New Covenant - Recap
• Jeremiah 31:31-34
• "Behold, days are coming," declares the LORD, "when I will
make a new covenant with the house of Israel
and with the house of Judah, not like the covenant which I
made with their fathers in the day I took them by the hand to
bring them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they
broke, although I was a husband to them," declares the LORD.
"But this is the covenant which I will make with the house of
Israel after those days," declares the LORD, "I will put My law
within them and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their
God, and they shall be My people. "They will not teach again,
each man his neighbor and each man his brother, saying,
'Know the LORD,' for they will all know Me, from
the least of them to the greatest of them,"
declares the LORD, "for I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin
I will remember no more.“ (Also quoted in Hebrew 8:4-13)

Discussion
• What are key
takeaways from the
minor prophets?
• How can we set the
stage for Christ’s
second coming?

References
• Bible.org
• Biblegateway.com
• Dr. Heinz Lycklama

GOD’S TOUCHPOINTS
Lesson 35: Israel Restored to Receive Christ
The Judges
The Prophetic Era

never Died
• Daniel, the leader who
never compromised
Future
• Israel Restored to
Receive Christ

Presentation Overview
Israel Restored to Receive Christ
• Timelines
• The Jews Return
• Leaders
• Opposition
• God’s Faithfulness
• Discussion

Timeline of The Prophets
Walls
rebuilt 444

Times of the Gentiles
• Babylonian captivity – 600 BC ->
• Silent years – 445 BC ->
• Church age – AD 30 ->
• Rapture/Tribulation/Glorious Appearing
• Millennium
@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 62
Church Age 7 yr. Tribulation Millennium Heaven
Cross
Rapture
Glorious
Appearing
Great White
Throne

End of Babylonian Empire
Isaiah 13:19 Babylon, the most admired of kingdoms, the
Chaldeans’ source of honor and pride, will be destroyed by
God just as Sodom and Gomorrah were.

The Kingdoms of the Earth
Chapter Parallel sequence of prophetic elements as understood by Historicists
Past
Past, Current
and Future?*
Future
Daniel 2
Head
Gold
(Babylon)
Chest &
2 arms
Silver
(Persia)
Belly and
thighs
Bronze
(Greece)
2 Legs
Iron
(Rome)
2 Feet with 10
toes
Clay & Iron
Rock
God's unending kingdom
left to no other people
Daniel 7
Winged
Lion
Lopsided
Bear
4 Headed/ 4
Winged
Leopard
Iron toothed
Beast
w/Little Horn
and 10 heads
Ref. Rev 13,
Rev 17
A son of man comes in
clouds
Given everlasting
dominion
He gives it to the saints.

The Jews Return [2]
• 1) Zerubbabel led the first wave of Jewish exiles to return in
536 B.C. (Ezra 1-6)
• (Big gap of 57 years – Mordecai and Esther's time. During this
time Haggai and Zecharaih motivate the Jews to continue)
• In 535 B.C. the construction of the temple began.
• In Feb 18, 516 B.C. the temple was completed and dedicated.
• 2) Ezra led the second in 455 B.C. (Ezra 7-10)
• Ezra left with about 1500 men and their families in mid-March
455 B.C.
• In August of 455 B.C., the little group arrives safely in
Jerusalem.
• 3) Nehemiah led the third in 445 B.C. (Neh 1-3)

Zerubbabel Prince of Judah
• Born at Babylon of David’s
line
• Head of tribe of Judah
• Possibly in service of King
and appointed to govern
Judah
• Led first set of exiles back to
Jerusalem
• Built foundation of temple
two years
• Tradition claims that he was
taken in chains to Darius and
wins his support

Opposition - Discouragement
• The Samaritan settlers who
tried to forge a treaty –
Zerubbabel opposed it.
• They then discouraged them
and bribed officials.
• Other influential leaders in
surrounding kingdoms
persuaded King Artaxerxes to
stop the building

Opposition - Discouragement
Ezra 4:4 Then the peoples
around them set out to
discourage the people of Judah
and make them afraid to go on
building. 5 They bribed officials
to work against them and
frustrate their plans during the
entire reign” of Cyrus and till the
second year of King Darius
Work stopped for 10 years, after
the foundation was laid.

Mordecai and Queen Esther
Between Zerubbabel’s
and Ezra’s contingents
of exiles, while the
nation of Israel
regroups, Esther and
Mordecai’s leadership in
Persia protects and
strengthens the position
of Jews in captivity -
Esther

Opposition - Death
• The Jews, under a
foreign hand faced the
greatest threat under
Haman and his allies
of death and
elimination.
• Again God
demonstrated his
strength and
faithfulness. -Esther

God’s Faithfulness
• In Persia, God protects
the Jews under Queen
Esther and Mordecai
• In Jerusalem He sends
Haggai and Zachariah
to motivate the Jews to
continue the building.
Haggai 1:2,3. Ezra 5:1

Haggai and Zachariah
• Prophecy the temple
building is to continue
(Haggai 1:7-9,
Zechariah 6:11-15)
..Zerubbabel continues
it…and completes it

Ezra, the prophet and Priest
• Descendent of Aaron
• Led the second wave
of exiles back to
Jerusalem
• Deeply rooted in the
word of God
• Built the temple
• Lived 40 years (480-
440 BC)

Opposition – Dangers
Ezra 8:31 We set out from
the Ahava River on the
twelfth day of the first month
to go to Jerusalem. We were
strengthened by our God,
and He protected us from
the power of the enemy
and from ambush along the
way.

Opposition – Defilement
Ezra 9:2 Indeed, the Israelite men have taken some of their
daughters as wives for themselves and their sons, so that
the holy seed has become mixed with the surrounding
peoples. The leaders and officials have taken the lead in
this unfaithfulness!” 3 When I heard this report, I tore my
tunic and robe, pulled out some of the hair from my head
and beard, and sat down devastated.

Nehemiah, Governor of Judah
• Led the third
contingent of exiles to
Jerusalem
• Persuaded the King to
support construction of
temple walls
• Demonstrated the
power of prayer and
persevering leadership
- Nehemiah

Opposition – Discontentment
• Taunts from enemies
• Attacks from enemies
• Discontentment from
within - Nehemiah

Most impactful – The kings of Persia
• Initiated by Cyrus, it
was the Persian Kings
who were God’s
powerful instruments
to:
• Rebuild the temple
• Restore the lost riches
• Reinforce obedience to
God and His word.
• 2 Chronicles 36:22–23
and Ezra 1:1–11

Opposition - None
• No one could oppose the King’s
decrees

Role of Persian Kings in Bible
Date
B.C.
Bible
Background
Bible Name Role
539-530
Isaiah 45,
Daniel, Ezra
1-3
Cyrus
Authorized return from exile, building of temple
and catalogued and returned gold and silver.
530-521 Ezra 4:5-7 Ahasurerus
Enemies sent accusation against those living
in Judah and Jerusalem to King
521 Ezra 4:7-23 Artaxerxes
Influenced by enemies to stop the work which
was stopped till 2nd year of Darius. Morale
beating exercises were propagated for 15
years
521-486 Ezra 5,6 Darius
Tattenai, governor of land beyond Euphrates
sent negative letter. Darius checked records,
circulated and reinforced Cyrus’s decree.
486-465 Esther 1-10 Ahasurerus
Saved lives of Jews through Esther and
Mordecai
464-423
Nehemiah 1 -
13, Ezra 7-10
Artaxerxes
Authorises Nehemiah to rebuild wall, Ezra to
teach word. provides resources.

Above all Powers
Proverbs 21:1 The king's heart is like a stream of water
directed by the LORD; he guides it wherever he pleases.
NLT

The Degenerating Cycles of Spiritual
Leadership
Millenium and
Eternity – Rule
of Christ – The
Final Frontier
Global
Church (till
Jesus’2nd
Coming)
Israelites
(till Jesus
1st
coming)-
30 AD
Patriarchs
(till Moses)
– 1525 BC
Individuals
(till Noah)
– 2500 BC
Each cycle reached complete
spiritual degeneration.
Can we assume the same
about the church?
Past
Present
Future

The Antichrist Prototype – Antiochus
Epiphenes
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJerTW28DeE
• Antiochus IV Epiphanes, (Greek: “God Manifest”) [6]
• He is described in Daniel as the Antichrist prototype
(Daniel 8:9-14 ; 11:21-32) – both passages largely fit both
description of Antiochus (past) and Antichrist (future).

Discussion
Out of the opposing forces of:
• Danger
• Death
• Discouragement
• Defilement
• Discontentment
Which were the most
dangerous then? For us
today?
How do we compare the
Persian Kings vs. the Kings of
Israel.
Who are their equivalents
today, and how do they
compare? What do we learn?

Usurping God’s Authority over His Church
1 Kings 14:14-16 “Then God will appoint a king over
Israel who will wipe out Jeroboam’s family, wipe
them right off the map—doomsday for Jeroboam! He will hit
Israel hard, as a storm slaps reeds about; he’ll pull them up
by the roots from this good land of their inheritance,
weeding them out, and then scatter them to the four winds.
And why? Because they made God so angry with
Asherah sex-and-religion shrines. He’ll wash his
hands off Israel because of Jeroboam’s sins, which have
led Israel into a life of sin.”

Reference: Kings of Persia in the Bible [3]
NAME
Date
B.C.
Persian Name Bible Name Bible Background
Cyrus 539-530 Koorush Cyrus
Isaiah 45, Daniel,
Ezra 1-3
Cambysses 530-521 Cambujieh Ahasurerus Ezra 4:5-7
Pseudo
Smerdis
521 Berooyeh Doroughi Artaxerxes Ezra 4:7-23
Darius the
Great
521-486 Darryoosh Darius Ezra 5,6
Xerxes 486-465 Khashayarshah Ahasurerus Esther 1-10
Artaxerxes I 464-423 Ardeshier Deraz Dast Artaxerxes
Nehemiah 1 - 13,
Ezra 7-10

References: Authorization of Cyrus [3]
Cyrus Charter of Human Rights
"I am Cyrus. King of the world. When I entered Babylon... I did not allow
anyone to terrorize the land... I kept in view the needs of people and all its
sanctuaries to promote their well-being... I put an end to their misfortune.
The Great God has delivered all the lands into my hand; the lands that I
have made to dwell in a peaceful habitation.... . .When my soldiers in great
numbers peacefully entered Babylon... I did not allow anyone to terrorize
the people... I kept in view the needs of people and all its sanctuaries to
promote their well-being... Freed all the slaves... I put an end to their
misfortune and slavery (referring to the Jews and other religious
minorities). The Great God has delivered all the lands into my hand; the
lands that I have made to dwell in a peaceful habitation... "

References
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_7
2. http://www.foundationsforfreedom.net/References/OT/Hi
storical/Nehemiah/Nehemiah00HistorIntro.html
3. http://www.farsinet.com/iranbibl/kings.html
4. Gotquestions.org
5. http://www.bible-
history.com/jewishtemple/JEWISH_TEMPLEZerubbabel
s_Temple.htm
6. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antiochus-IV-
Epiphanes

Old Testament (OT) Journey 33-35 v. 2

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