1. OKLAHOMA BUDGET OVERVIEW
Trends and Outlook
REVISED NOVEMBER, 2009
David Blatt
Oklahoma Policy Institute
dblatt@okpolicy.org - (918) 859-8747

2. Oklahoma‟s Path to Prosperity
OUR STARTING POINT
We invest our tax dollars in
our public structures to support
our common goals as a state

3. Oklahoma‟s Path to Prosperity
We Already Lag Behind
 Oklahoma already underfunds most of our public
structures and falls short of our common goals as a state
 We rank 50th among the states in per capita
expenditures on state and local government
 We need renewed investment in our public structures
to meet our common goals as a state.

4. Budget Trends: FY „02 – FY „09
FY ‘02 – FY ‘08: Bust and Boom
State budget suffered steep downturn, deep cuts, ‘02 - ‘04
 Strong economy led to robust revenue growth and increased state
appropriations between FY ‗06 and FY ‗08
Annual Appropriations Totals,FY ‗00—FY ‗08
(Includes Supplementals thru FY ‗08 and Rainy Day spillover Funds for
Recurring Agency Expenditures) - in $millions
$7,500
$7,043
$7,000 $6,760
$6,500 $6,217
$6,000
$5,389 $5,491 $5,459
$5,500 $5,191 $5,145
$4,981
$5,000
$4,500
$4,000
FY'00 FY'01 FY'02 FY'03 FY'04 FY'05 FY'06 FY'07 FY'08

5. Budget Trends: FY „02 – FY „09
Where did the growth revenue go?
Covering rising costs of basic services and
supporting targeted investments for shared goals
Increased State Appropriations, Selected Agencies,
FY ’06 – FY ’08
Dept. of Education: $453M Human Services: $129M
Health Care Authority: $289M Corrections: $80M
Higher Education: $271M Transportation: $72.5M*

6. Budget Trends: FY „02 – FY „09
Tax Cuts had a long-term impact
 Most of the cuts were to the personal income tax
 Tax cuts were stretched out over several years; full impact
will not be felt until FY ‗11
Lost Revenues from Select Tax Cuts Enacted 2004 - 2006
FY'05 through FY'10 (in $ millions)
$776.9
$800.0 $651.1
$561.8
$600.0
$400.0 $333.3
$200.0 $144.8
$18.7
$0.0
FY'05 FY'06 FY'07 FY'08 FY'09 FY'10
sour c e : Ok l a homa Ta x C ommi ssi on

7. Budget Trends: FY ‟02 - FY ‟09
FY‘07 – FY’08: Revenue Slowdown
 General Revenue collections were almost flat in FY ‘08
compared to FY ‘07 (+%0.9, $54 million)
Annual % Change in General Revenue Collections, FY '03 - FY '08
20.0%
14.8%
15.0%
10.6%
10.0% 7.6%
5.0% 4.0%
0.9%
0.0%
-5.0%
-5.3%
-6.6%
-10.0%
FY '02 FY '03 FY '04 FY '05 FY '06 FY '07 FY '08

8. Budget Trends: FY ‟02 - FY ‟09
FY ’09 Budget: Tightening the Screws
 Most agencies appropriations frozen from FY ‘08
 No funding for benefit cost increases teacher salary increases, state
employee raises
FY „09 excludes supplementals and mid-year budget cut

9. Budget Trends: FY „10

10. Budget Trends: FY „10
Things Are Tough All Over
 All but two states are experiencing the state fiscal crisis
 Combined state budget gaps for FY ‘09 – FY ‗12 estimated to
total more than $465 billion
Source: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities

11. Budget Trends: FY „10
The Recession Hit Oklahoma Late
Monthly Unemployment Rate,
National and Oklahoma, Sep. 2007 to Sep. 2009
10.5 9.8%
Unemployment Rate (%)
9.5
8.5
7.5 6.7%
6.5
5.5
4.5
3.5
2.5
Sep-07 Mar-08 Sep-08 Mar-09 Sep-09
Oklahoma National
See OK Policy, “Numbers You Need”, at:
http://okpolicy.org/numbers-you-need-key-oklahoma-
economic-and-budget-trends

12. Budget Trends: FY „10
The Recession Hit Oklahoma Late
Quarterly Change in Personal Income,
% Change from
Prior Quarter
Oklahoma and National,
2nd Quarter 2007 to 2nd Quarter 2009
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.0%
-1.0%
-2.0%
-3.0%
2007.2 2007.3 2007.4 2008.1 2008.2 2008.3 2008.4 2009.1 2009.2
U.S. Oklahoma

13. Budget Trends: FY „10
The Recession Hit Oklahoma Late
Monthly Oil and Gas Prices, 1986 - 2009
$12.00 $160.00
$140.00
$10.00
$120.00
$8.00
$100.00
$6.00 $80.00
$60.00
$4.00
$40.00
$2.00
$20.00
$- $-
Apr-1994
Apr-2005
Oct-1999
Dec-1986
Nov-1987
Oct-1988
Aug-1990
Mar-1995
Dec-1997
Nov-1998
Aug-2001
Mar-2006
Dec-2008
Jan-1986
Jul-1991
Jun-1992
Feb-1996
Jan-1997
Jul-2002
Jun-2003
Feb-2007
Jan-2008
Sep-1989
May-1993
Sep-2000
May-2004
U.S. Natural Gas Wellhead Price (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Cushing, OK WTI Spot Price FOB (Dollars per Barrel)

14. Budget Trends: FY „10
FY ’09: A Tale of Two Half-Years
 FY ‗09 revenue collections went from $224.8 million above
estimate (July-Dec) to $672.0 million below estimate (Jan-Jun)
Change in Monthly General Revenue Collections,
FY '09 Compared to Same Month, FY '08
15.0% 12.8%
11.1% 10.8% 10.4%
10.0% 7.1%
5.0% 1.3%
0.0%
-5.0%
-10.0%
-8.5%
-15.0%
-20.0%
-19.1%
-25.0% -21.5% -21.1%
-30.0% -27.7%
-30.1%
-35.0%
July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June

15. Budget Trends: FY „10
FY ’10 Budget: Revenues on the Skids
 In February, FY ‗10 revenues estimated to come in >$600
million below FY ‘08 ;
6,500
General Revenue Collections,
FY '06 Actual - FY '10 Estimated (in $million)
5,981.1 5,946.4
6,000 5,902.7
5,710.0
5,649.2
5,500 5,407.2
5,356.6
5,000
FY '06 Actual Fy '07 Actual FY '08 Actual FY '09 June FY '09 FY '09 FY '10
December February Feburary

16. Budget Trends: FY „10
FY ‘10 Budget
 $7,231.2 million total, including $641 million ARRA (stimulus)
 Increase in total appropriations of $106 million (1.5 percent)
compared to FY ‗09
 State dollars only: $500 million less than in FY ‘09
State Appropriations History, FY '00 - FY '10 in $millions)
(includes supplementals, excludes one-times from Rainy Day Spillover funds)
7,500
$7,043 $7,125 $7,231
7,000 $6,760
$30
6,500 $6,217
ARRA
$641
6,000 ARRA
$7,095
$5,389 $5,491 $5,459 State
5,500 $5,191 $6,590
$5,145
$4,981 State
5,000
4,500
4,000
FY'00 FY'01 FY'02 FY'03 FY'04 FY'05 FY'06 FY'07 FY'08 FY'09 FY'10
State Appropriations ARRA
NOTE: FY „09 totals do not include June budget cuts

17. Budget Trends: FY „09 – FY „10
FY ’10 State Appropriations
DHS,
Total 10 Largest Agencies: $6.3 billion (88%)Transportation,
$550.7 , 8% Corrections
$503.0 $208.7 , 3%
Appropriations:
Agencies (75 agencies): $829 million (12%) Mental Health,
7%
$7,231.2 million
OHCA (Medicaid), $203.3 , 3%
Includes $979.8 , 13%
American Career Tech,
Recovery and $157.8 , 2%
Reinvestment
Act (ARRA) Higher Ed., Juv. Affairs,
$1,070.7 , 15% $112.4 , 1%
Public Safety,
$93.3 , 1%
All Other
Agencies,
Common Ed., $779.4 ,
Total Ten $2,572.0 , 36% 11%
Largest: $6,451.8,
89.2 %

18. Budget Trends: FY „09 – FY „10
FY ‘10 Budget
 Stimulus funds made it possible to minimize cuts or
provide small increases to ten largest state agencies and
some smaller ones
 Funding for 10 largest agencies up $161 million, 2.6
percent
 Most smaller agencies took cuts of 5 to 7 percent
 No funding to address rising employee benefit costs or
inflation (e.g. utilities, transportation, food)
 Demands for some state services increase due to the
downturn
See: OK Policy FY ‟10 Budget Review at:
http://okpolicy.org/fy-10-budget-information

19. Budget Trends: FY „09 – FY „10
FY ‘10 : Off to a Very Rough Start
 July-Oct revenue collections down 28.1 percent from FY
‘09
 October better than previous months
 Not clear whether we‘ve hit bottom or how long it will
take to recover
Change in Monthly General Revenue Collections, Compared to Same Month
Prior Year, July '08 - Oct. '09
20.0% 12.8%
11.1% 10.8% 10.4%
10.0% 7.1%
1.3%
0.0%
-10.0%
-8.5%
-20.0% -19.1%
-21.5% -21.1% -23.7%
-30.0% -27.7% -26.3%
-30.1% -30.1%
-31.6%
-40.0%
July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept. Oct

20. Budget Trends: FY „09 – FY „10
FY ’10 : Off to a Very Rough Start
 Three consecutive quarters of worsening collections
 Revenue drops more than twice as steep as during the
last downturn
Quarterly Year-over-Year Change in GR Collections,
Oklahoma, FY '02 - FY '10
30.0%
20.0%
9.9%
10.0%
0.0%
-10.0%
-15.3%
-20.0% -12.1%
-26.3%
-30.0%
-29.5%
-40.0%
Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1
FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY
'02 '02 '03 '03 '04 '04 '05 '05 '06 '06 '07 '07 '08 '08 '09 '09 '10

21. Budget Trends: FY „09 – FY „10
FY ’10 : Off to a Very Rough Start
 1st quarter revenues lower than 9 years ago – without
adjusting for inflation or economic growth
1st Quarter General Revenue Collections,
FY '01 - FY'10 (in millions)
$1,700
$1,600 $1,567.8
$1,500
$1,400
$1,300
$1,200 $1,136.3
$1,100 $1,105.9
$1,000
$995.3
$900
FY'01 FY'02 FY'03 FY'04 FY'05 FY'06 FY'07 FY'08 FY'09 FY'10

22. Budget Trends: FY „09 – FY „10
FY ‘10 : Off to a Very Rough Start
 Collections through October are $471.7 million – 24.2 percent
- below the estimate
 OSF has cut agencies GR allocations by 5 percent
 Cuts limited to 5 percent ($21.9 million) of GRF each month
through transfers of cash reserves
General Revenue Collections compared to Estimate, by Tax, FY '10 thru
October (in $millions)
$0
-$14 -$31
-$100
-$113
-$200 -$141
-$172
-$300
-$400
-$500 -$472
Net Income Tax Gross Sales Tax Motor Vehicle Other Sources Total Gen.
Production Revenue

23. Budget Trends: FY „09 – FY „10
FY ‘10 : How Large a Shortfall?
 Based on first quarter revenues, our best estimate of
the full year GR shortfall is about $700 million, or 13.7%,
below the appropriated amount
Comparison of FY '10 Original Estimates and OK
Policy Forecasts (GR Fund Only)
$6,000 $5,518
$5,145 $5,293
$5,000 $4,439
$3,933
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
$-
100% Estimate Appropriated Low Middle High
See “State Budget Shortfalls, FY „10 & Beyond”
at http://okpolicy.org/fy-10-budget-information

24. Budget Outlook: What Response?
Shortfall Options
 Rainy Day Fund is filled to maximum amount of $597
million
 Left untouched for initial FY ‗10 budget
Rainy Day Fund Balances, FY '01 - FY '09
(opening balance in $ millions)
$700
$596.6
$600 $571.6
$496.7
$500 $461.3
$400 $340.9
$300
$217.5
$200 $157.5
$100 $72.3
$0.1
$0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

25. Budget Outlook: What Response?
Shortfall Options
 Up to $375 million available for shortfalls in FY ‗10
 Rainy Day Fund can be accessed as follows:
 3/8th for a mid-year shortfall in GR collections; ($224M)
 3/8th for a projected decline in GR collections for the
coming year compared to the current year ($224M);
 1/4th upon declaration of an emergency and legislative
approval ($149M)
Uses of Constitutional
Reserve Fund
Current
Emergency,
Year
25.0%
Shortfall,
37.5%
Next Year
Shortfall,
37.5%

26. Budget Outlook: What Response?
Shortfall Options
 Middle estimate of $706 million shortfall could be filled by:
 RDF shortfall funds (3/8ths) - $224 million +
 RDF emergency funds (1/4) - $149 million +
 Full year across-the-board cuts of 6.4 percent

27. Budget Outlook: What Response?
Budget Outlook
 What‘s the plan???
 Seems to involve:
 Keep cutting agency budgets 5 percent every month
 Keep borrowing from any and all available reserves to make
up the difference
 No Special Session
 Tap the Rainy Day Fund to fill the gap
 Gov. Henry: ―Unfortunately, the cuts we have been forced to
implement to date are already taking their toll on state programs and
services‖ (Nov. 10, 2009)

28. Budget Outlook: What Response?
Budget Outlook: Other Revenues
 Stimulus Round II
 About half of the State Fiscal Stabilization Fund and enhanced
Medicaid funds remains available
 Other Revenues?
 SQ 640 requires a 3/4th vote of both legislative chambers or
vote of the people at time of next general election to raise taxes;
 Continuing search for one-time revenues;

29. Budget Outlook: Beyond FY „10
Budget Outlook
 Revenues unlikely to recover to pre-downturn nominal
levels prior to FY ‗12 or FY ‗13
Figure 4
Historical and Projected Revenue, FY'07-FY'13
General Revenue Fund
$7,000 $6,451
$5,938 $5,953
Revenue in $millions
$6,000 $5,518
$5,000 $5,945
$5,275
$4,439 $4,735
$4,000
$3,000 $3,870
$2,000
$1,000
$-
FY 07 (act.) FY 08 (act.) FY 09 (act.) FY 10 (est.) FY 11 (est.) FY 12 (est.) FY 13 (est.)
Fiscal Year
Estimates by OK
Low Middle High Policy

30. Budget Outlook: Beyond FY „10
Budget Outlook
 Time-released tax cuts still kicking in
 Use of one-time funds in FY ‗10 and FY ‗11 create
significant problems for FY ‗12

31. Budget Outlook : Beyond FY „10
Short-Term Recommendations
1. Develop and share greater information about projected
shortfalls, impact of actual and potential cuts, possible
solutions
• Revised forecasts, legislative hearings
2. Use the RDF to minimize the magnitude of budget cuts
3. Defer additional tax cuts until revenues fully recover
4. Change the RDF rules to allow reserve funds to be used any
time revenues remain below their pre-downturn peak and to
allow for larger reserves
5. Consider new revenue streams for the Medicaid program
6. Develop meaningful multi-year forecasting

32. Long-Term Fiscal Outlook
Oklahoma – like most states and the federal government
– faces a looming structural budget deficit
• Structural deficit: A
situation that occurs
when a state‟s “normal
growth of revenues is
insufficient to finance
the normal growth of
expenditures year after
year”
(CBPP, “Faulty Foundations: State Structural
Budget Problems”)

33. Long-Term Fiscal Outlook
Oklahoma’s Structural Deficit
Projected Annual Budget Surpluses and Deficits
Before and After 2004-2006 Tax Cuts (2007 to 2035)
1,000
500
0
M i l l i o n $2005
(500) Before Tax Cuts
(1,000)
After Tax Cuts
(1,500)
(2,000)
(2,500)
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035
Year
Source: Projections conducted in 2007 by Dr. Kent Olson, Professor of
Economics, Oklahoma State University

34. Long-Term Fiscal Outlook
Long-Term Recommendations
1. Modernize the Tax System
2. Preserve a Balanced Tax Structure
3. Scrutinize our programs and spending
commitments
4. Make the tax system fairer

35. For More Information
• Oklahoma Policy Institute’s Online
Budget Guide
www.okpolicy.org/online-
budget-guide

36. Contact Information
Oklahoma Policy Institute
228 Robert S. Kerr, Suite 750
Oklahoma City, OK 73102
ph: (405) 601-7692
info@okpolicy.org
Better Information, Better Policy
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