Oil extraction and refining began in Azerbaijan in the 19th century, with the first oil distilling factory opening in Balakhani in 1837. In the late 1800s, Azerbaijan emerged as a global leader in oil production, building the world's largest oil pipeline between Baku and Batum from 1897-1907. However, violence erupted in Baku in 1918 as Armenians and Bolsheviks carried out pogroms against Azerbaijanis, destroying buildings and leaving an estimated 12,000 civilians dead.

2. Oil was known to the east of
Roman empire since ancient
ages
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3. 1837-The first oil-distilling factory on the Absheron
Peninsula began operating in Balakhani.
1866-Azerbaijan's first reservoir for oil storage,
stocktaking and release was built near Boyuk-Shor Lake.
1872-In February, a new law was issued on "The Rules for
Oil Fields and Excise from Photogen Production." The law
put an end to the buy-out system in Azerbaijan's oil
industry. The Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev Oil Trade
Company was established.
1873-This year marked the beginning of oil well drilling on
a massive scale.

6. 1886-On January 11, Haji
Zeynalabdin Taghiyev gave a
speech at the Baku
Department of the Royal
Russian Technical Society
entitled "How to Get Out of the
Oil Industry Crisis?" In it, he
presented a clear plan for the
export of Baku's kerosene. The
report was so practical that it
was printed and sent to all
members of the society and oil
manufacturers.
In June, the Svet oil tanker
transported Baku's kerosene
from Baku to London via
Batum for the first time in world

7. Baku in 19th century

8. Transportation Of Oil
1897-1907 The world's
largest kerosene pipeline
(829 verst, or 885 km,
long) was built between
Baku and Batum. The
pipeline belonged to the
Transcaucasus Railroad.

9. In 1898 Rothschild brothers founded
the Mazut Transportation Society.

10. In 1897- 1901 ~Baku's
oil industry ranked first
in the world in terms of
total oil extraction, with
a total of 11.5 million
tons a year. At the time,
the United States was
only producing 9.1
million tons.

11. 1918 - In March, pogroms against
Azerbaijanis were carried out by
Armenians and Bolsheviks in Baku.
The Ismailiyya Palace was among
the many buildings burned and
destroyed during that rampage,
which left an estimated 12,000
civilians dead. The Palace was built
by Musa Naghiyev, who was
acknowledged as the wealthiest of
all Oil Barons in Baku.