OECD - Sub-national governments around the world: structure and finance (Item2g)
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Presentation delivered during the 13th Annual Meeting of the OECD Network on Fiscal Relations Across Levels of Government, 23-24 November 2017, Paris, France.
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OECD - Sub-national governments around the world: structure and finance (Item2g)
- 1. Highlights from the study on “Sub-national governments around the world: structure and finance” Isabelle Chatry Project Manager, CFE/OECD
- 2. The 2016 Pilot study: general synthesis and country profiles
- 3. 101 countries representing 82% of the world population and 88% of the world GDP 31 26 14 13 11 4 2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Europe Africa Latin America Asia Pacific Euro-Asia Middle East and West Asia North America 17 federations 84 unitary countries Around 522 630 subnational governments
- 4. The structure and size of subnational government vary across countries 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 NorthAmerica* Europe Euro-Asia LatinAmerica Allcountries MiddleEast&West Asia* Asia-Pacific Africa 68,641 60,026 20,970 56,027 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 Single-tieredSNG countries Two-tieredSNG countries Three-tieredSNG countries Allcountries
- 5. SNGs spending: one-quarter of total public spending, i.e. 9% of GDP AUT BEL BGR HRV CYP CZE DNK EST FIN FRA DEU GRC HUN ISL IRL ITALVA LTU LUX MLT NLD NOR POL PRT ROU SVNSVK ESP SWE CHE GBR ARG BRA CHL COL CRIDOM ECU SLV GRM HND JAM MEX PRY PER ISR JOR PSETUR ALB ARM AZE GEO KAZ KGZ MDA MNE RUS SRB UKR AGO BEN BFA CPV COG GHA GIN KEN MWI MLI MUS MAR NGA UGA SEN ZAF TZA TCD TUN ZWE AUS KHM CHN IND IDN JPN KOR MYS MNG NZL PHLTHA VNM CAN USA 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% SNGexpenditureas%ofpublic expenditure SNG expenditure as % of GDP
- 6. TCDGIN COGKHM MLTGRM DOMJAM AZEBENMWIBFA CRI CYPTUNSEN MUSMLI JORARMPRYSLVZWE MYSCHLHNDUGAPSEKEN GRCMARTZA THA IRLTURALB CPV ECU NZL NGAKGZ GEO ISRMNE SVKPRTIDN HUNGHA SRB BGR LTUPER ROU KAZMNGMDA SVNEST CZELVA GBRFRAPHL HRVMEXCOL POL ISLKOR NLDIND ITAUKR NOR JPN AUS AUT USA VNM CHEDEUCHN ESPZAF BRA BEL FIN RUS SWE CAN DNK ARG R² = 0.3555 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 SNGexpenditureasa%ofGDP GDP per capita (USD PPP) Wealthier countries tend to be more decentralised…
- 7. SNGs account for 40% of public investment worldwide MYS AUT DEU MEX BRA ARG USA BEL IND CHE RUS AUS NGA CAN ESP ZAF UWA federal MWI KHM DOM GIN MLI CRI MLT UGA GRM PSE ARM CHL CYP MUSBEN ZWE KGZ SEN PRY AZE UKR BFA GRC JOR TZA IRL TUN SVK KEN SLV GBR ALB HRV TUR PRT ISL GEO LTU IDN MAR ISR ITA MNE SRB LUX CPV THA NZL DNK HUN HND CZE NOR COL EST NLD POL BGR SVN SWE MDA MNG FIN LVA ROU GHA FRA KAZ ECU JPN KOR PER VNM CHN UWA unitary UWA all 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% SNGinvestmentasa%ofpublicinvestment SNG investment as a % of GDP
- 8. 1.5% 0.4% 1.4% 1.7% 1.6% 0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 1.0% 1.2% 1.4% 1.6% 1.8% 2.0% All countries Low income Lower middle income Upper Middle income High income SNG investment as a % of GDP is higher in upper middle income countries SNG investment as a % of GDP by income groups
- 9. Revenue sources vary across countries, but grants and subsidies are particularly important 00% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% JOR ZWE ARG PSE CHN ISL MNE CRI IND MYS CHE USA NZL SRB DEU SEN CAN FIN SWE VNM KHM LVA FRA CZE BRA CYP PRT KGZ SVN Federal ITA AUS NOR PRY JPN RUS MDA IRL CHL ARM SLV COL All ISR ESP UKR BEN Unitary LUX POL HRV JAM MNG MAR KAZ COG CPV DNK KOR BEL HND THA GEO PHL GRC HUN GBR PER SVK TUR NLD ZAF AUT GRM NGA IDN TUN ALB DOM AZE ECU BGR ROU MWI MUS MLI EST KEN LTU TZA MEX MLT UGA % of subnational government revenue Grants and subsidies Tax revenue Other revenues
- 10. 17 November 2017: launch of the World Observatory on Subnational Government Finance and Investment Observatories with micro-data (regions, cities) Thematic observatories e.g. on decentralisation Multi-country observatories Global Observatory on Local Democracy and Decentralisation (GOLD) OECD Programme on decentralisation and multi- level governance National observatories on SNG finance
- 11. • Ensure standardised, reliable, comparable and transparent access to data on subnational government structure, finance and investment; develop new measures to better assess the fiscal space of subnational government, and new indicators linked to multi-level governance; • Support the implementation of the OECD Recommendation on Effective Public Investment across Levels of Government. • Support policy-makers and their partners to assess the strengths and weaknesses of multi-level governance and fiscal frameworks and support decision-making for conducting reforms. • Serve as a capacity-building tool for stakeholders at all levels of government. • Support international dialogue on multi-level governance and subnational finance and investment Objectives of the World Observatory on Subnational Government Finance and Investment
- 12. Thank you Contact: Dorothée Allain-Dupré, head of unit Isabelle Chatry, project manager Decentralisation, public investment and subnational finance Unit – CFE/OECD