The eye is a complex sensory organ responsible for sight. Injury or disease to the ocular system can result in vision loss. A variety of ophthalmic preparations (topical, parenteral, and oral) are available for both therapeutic and diagnostic use. Medications play a key role in the management of chronic dry-eye, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, infection, inflammation, and macular degeneration

2. Name: Reg.:
Abdur Rauf 15103089
Smaranika Rahman 15103092
Md. Sadikur Rahman 15103093
Zobaida Mostarin Nishi 15103094
Rakhi Dutta 15103095
Group No: 06

3. Anatomy of Eye:

4. Ocular
Disease:
Eye disease caused by
degeneration of the cells of
the macula lute and results
in blurred vision; can cause
blindness.

5. • Refractive errors.
• Cataracts.
• Optic nerve disorders:
Glaucoma.
• Retinal disorders.
• Macular degeneration.
• Macular degeneration
Conjunctivitis.
Types of Ocular
Disease:

6. Myopia
Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Refractive Error:

7. Myopia:

8. Hyperopia:

9. Astigmatism:

10. Comfortable &
safe.
Easier method.
Less expensive.
Advantages:
Spectacles:
Disadvantages:
Uncomfortable.
Unattractive.
Broken or lost.

13. Cataract:
Clouding of the lens of the eyes.

14. Halos surrounding lights.
Seeing color as faded.
Frequence changes in prescribed glasses.
Symptoms:

15. 4. Traumatic
Cataract
5. Nuclear
Cataract
6. Cortical
Cataract
7. Posterior
Capsular
Cataract.
Types of Cataract:

16. Treatment:
New
eyeglass
:
Brighter
Lighting:
Anti
glare
Sunglass:
Surgery:
During phacoemulsification

17. Glaucoma:

18. Types of Glaucoma:
Open-angle
glaucoma
(chronic
glaucoma):

19. First:
A blockage
develops
here.
Second:
Iris gets
pushed
forward.
Angle-closure glaucoma (acute angle-
closure glaucoma) :

20. Aim of Treatment:
Decrease IOP
Decrease formation
of aqueous:
Increase aqueous
drainage:
• B-blockers.
• Alpha agonist .
• Carbonic anhydrase
inhibitor .
• Prostaglandin
analogs.
• Topical moieties.

21. B-blockers:
Carbonic
anhydrase
inhibitors :
MOA: Block beta receptors in the
ciliary epithelium and reduce the
secretion of aqueous humour.
Side effect: bradycardia, headache,
dyspnea.
Example: Timolol maleate,
Levobunolol, Metipranolol ,
Carteolol.

22. MOA: Are used
topically to lower intra-
ocular pressure.
Example: travoprost ,
bimatoprost ,
latanoprost .
MOA: Facilitate ocular
drainage by constricting
the pupil and pulling
open the meshwork.
Side effects: Blurred
vision, brow ache,
itching.
Example: Pilocarpine
eye drop, carbachol.
MOA: Reduce vitreous
volume and cause
marked reduction in
intra-ocular pressure.
Side effects: Oral
dryness, ocular
dryness, headache,
dizziness.
Use: Short-term
management of
glaucoma prior to
surgery.
Prostaglandin
analogs:
parasympat
homimetics:
Osmotic
diuretic :

23. References:
• https://www.slideshare.net/fatimat91/post-
operativecornealedema
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPwpiOT2w8E
• https://www.slideshare.net/RishnaBabu/rishna-
61988627?next_slideshow=1
• http://www.metroeyesng.com/?/blog////refractive-
error/
• https://www.slideshare.net/kundannivangune/ocular-
pharmacology-39260734
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxhX0nOoJLE
• https://munstereyecare.com/refractive-error/