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Occupational Outlook: Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Electrical and electronics engineers design and develop electronic components and systems for various applications, with a median annual pay of $93,260. A bachelor's degree is typically required, and job outlook from 2014 to 2024 suggests little or no change in employment levels, particularly influenced by manufacturing trends. Key qualities for this role include strong math skills, initiative, and interpersonal skills, alongside a focus on continuing education to adapt to technological advancements.

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02 www.Hub.Careers Acknowledgments and Disclaimers Copyright 2016: Cover Page Illustration and the Hub.Careers Introduction Reproduced courtesy of the Department of Labor, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the U.S. Copyright laws. Please see the Department of Labor for the latest and most up to date information. This source has been specifically reviewed, chosen and curated for relevance and quality by Hub.Careers and reproduced in PDF format for the exclusive use of our select Members and audience. This Ebook is for informational purposes and is not intended as a substitute for professional job and career counseling. Hub.Careers does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause. By using this publication you are agreeing to assume sole responsibility for any errors whatsoever, including in formatting, timeliness and accuracy. Hub.Careers is a website and service owned, managed and operated by TriStone Consulting Group, LLC.
03 www.Hub.Careers Electrical and Electronics Engineers Table of Contents 04  Summary 07  What Electrical and Electronics Engineers Do 12  How to Become an Electrical or Electronics Engineer 14  Important Qualities 16  Pay 18  Job Outlook 19  State & Area Data 21  Similar Occupations 23  Contacts for More Information
04 www.Hub.CareersJoin us for Free! Electrical and Electronics Engineers Summary Electronics engineers design electronic components and systems for commercial, industrial, or scientific applications. Quick Facts: Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2014 Median Pay $93,260 per year $44.84 per hour Typical Entry-Level Education Bachelor's degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation None On-the-job Training None Number of Jobs, 2014 315,900 Job Outlook, 2014-24 0% (Little or no change) Employment Change, 2014-24 -100
05 www.Hub.Careers Free Career eBooks! What Electrical and Electronics Engineers Do Electrical engineers design, develop, test, and supervise the manufacturing of electrical equipment, such as electric motors, radar and navigation systems, communications systems, and power generation equipment. Electronics engi- neers design and develop electronic equipment, such as broadcast and commu- nications systems—from portable music players to global positioning systems (GPSs). Work Environment Electrical and electronics engineers work in industries including research-and development, engineering services, manufacturing, telecommunications, and the federal government. Electrical and electronics engineers generally work indoors in offices. However, they may have to visit sites to observe a problem or a piece of complex equipment. How to Become an Electrical or Electronics Engineer Electrical and electronics engineers must have a bachelor’s degree. Employers also value practical experience, so participation in cooperative engineering pro- grams, in which students earn academic credit for structured work experience. Pay The median annual wage for electrical and electronics engineers was $93,260 in May 2014.
06 www.Hub.CareersFree Expert Career Advice! Job Outlook Employment of electrical and electronics engineers is projected to show little or no change from 2014 to 2024. Change in employment is expected to be tempered by slow growth or decline in most manufacturing sectors in which electrical and elec- tronics engineers are employed. State & Area Data Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for electrical and electronics engineers. Similar Occupations Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of electrical and electronics engineers with similar occupations. More Information, Including Links to O*NET Learn more about electrical and electronics engineers by visiting additional resourc- es, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.
07 www.Hub.Careers Free Groups and Forums! What Electrical and Electronics Engineers Do Electronics engineers analyze the requirements and costs of electrical systems. Electrical engineers design, develop, test, and supervise the manufacturing of electrical equipment, such as electric motors, radar and navigation systems, communications systems, or power generation equipment. Electrical engineers also design the electrical systems of automobiles and aircraft. Electronics engineers design and develop electronic equipment, such as broad- cast and communications systems, from portable music players to global po- sitioning systems (GPSs). Many also work in areas closely related to computer hardware. Duties Electrical engineers typically do the following: • Design new ways to use electrical power to develop or improve products • Perform detailed calculations to develop manufacturing, construction, and installation standards and specifications
08 www.Hub.CareersFree Job Postings! • Direct the manufacture, installation, and testing of electrical equipment to ensure that products meet specifications and codes • Investigate complaints from customers or the public, evaluate problems, and recommend solutions • Work with project managers on production efforts to ensure that projects are completed satisfactorily, on time, and within budget • Electronics engineers typically do the following: • Design electronic components, software, products, or systems for commer- cial, industrial, medical, military, or scientific applications • Analyze customer needs and determine the requirements, capacity, and cost for developing an electrical system plan • Develop maintenance and testing procedures for electronic components and equipment • Evaluate systems and recommend design modifications or equipment repair • Inspect electronic equipment, instruments, and systems to make sure that they meet safety standards and applicable regulations • Plan and develop applications and modifications for electronic properties used in parts and systems in order to improve technical performance Electronics engineers who work for the federal government research, develop, and evaluate electronic devices used in a variety of areas, such as aviation, computing, transportation, and manufacturing. They work on federal elec- tronic devices and systems, including satellites, flight systems, radar and sonar systems, and communications systems. The work of electrical engineers and electronics engineers is often similar. Both use engineering and design software and equipment to do engineering
09 www.Hub.Careers Free Career Blogging! tasks. Both types of engineers also must work with other engineers to dis- cuss existing products and possibilities for engineering projects. Engineers whose work is related exclusively to computer hardware are con- sidered computer hardware engineers.
10 www.Hub.CareersFree Career Events! Work Environment Electrical and electronic engineers are mostly employed in industries conduct- ing research and development or engineering service firms. Electrical and electronics engineers held about 315,900 jobs in 2014. The in- dustries that employed the most electrical engineers in 2014 were as follows: Engineering services 22% Electric power generation, transmission and distribution 10 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufactur- ing 7 Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instru- ments manufacturing 7
11 www.Hub.Careers Free Career Videos! Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences 6 The industries that employed the most electronics engineers in 2014 were as follows: Telecommunications 18% Federal government, excluding postal service 13 Engineering services 11 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufactur- ing 9 Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instru- ments manufacturing 7 Electrical and electronics engineers generally work indoors in offices. How- ever, they may visit sites to observe a problem or a piece of complex equip- ment. Work Schedules Most electrical and electronics engineers work full time.
12 www.Hub.CareersFree Career News! How to Become an Electrical or Electronics Engineer Becoming an electrical or electronics engineer involves the study of math and engineering. Electrical and electronics engineers must have a bachelor’s degree. Employers also value practical experience, so participation in cooperative engineering programs, in which students earn academic credit for structured work experi- ence. Having a Professional Engineer (PE) license may improve an engineer’s chances of finding employment. Education High school students interested in studying electrical or electronics engineer- ing benefit from taking courses in physics and mathematics, including alge- bra, trigonometry, and calculus. Courses in drafting are also helpful, because electrical and electronics engineers often are required to prepare technical drawings.
13 www.Hub.Careers Free Career Sites! In order to enter the occupation, prospective electrical and electronics en- gineers need a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering, electronics engi- neering, or electrical engineering technology. Programs include classroom, laboratory, and field studies. Courses include digital systems design, differential equations, and electrical circuit theory. Programs in electrical engineering, elec- tronics engineering, or electrical engineering technology should be accredited by ABET. Some colleges and universities offer cooperative programs in which students gain practical experience while completing their education. Cooperative pro- grams combine classroom study with practical work. Internships provide similar experience and are growing in number. At some universities, students can enroll in a 5-year program that leads to both a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree. A graduate degree allows an engi- neer to work as an instructor at some universities, or in research and develop- ment. Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations Licensure is not required for entry-level positions as electrical and electronics engineers. A Professional Engineering (PE) license, which allows for higher levels of leadership and independence, can be acquired later in one’s career. Licensed engineers are called professional engineers (PEs). A PE can oversee the work of other engineers, sign off on projects, and provide services directly to the public. State licensure generally requires • A degree from an ABET-accredited engineering program • A passing score on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam • Relevant work experience • A passing score on the Professional Engineering (PE) exam
14 www.Hub.CareersFree Career Polls! The initial Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam can be taken right after grad- uation from a college or university. Engineers who pass this exam commonly are called engineers in training (EITs) or engineer interns (EIs). After getting work experience, EITs can take the second exam, called the Principles and Practice of Engineering exam. Several states require engineers to take continuing education courses to keep their license. Most states recognize licensure from other states if the licensing state’s requirements meet or exceed their own licensure requirements. Advancement Electrical and electronic engineers may advance to supervisory positions in which they lead a team of engineers and technicians. Some may move to management positions, working as engineering or program managers. Preparation for manage- rial positions usually requires working under the guidance of a more experienced engineer. For more information, see the profile on architectural and engineering managers. For sales work, an engineering background enables engineers to discuss a prod- uct’s technical aspects and assist in product planning and use. For more informa- tion, see the profile on sales engineers. Important Qualities Concentration. Electrical and electronics engineers design and develop com- plex electrical systems and electronic components and products. They must be able to keep track of multiple design elements and technical characteristics when performing these tasks.
15 www.Hub.Careers Free Expert Career Advice! Initiative. Electrical and electronics engineers must be able to apply their knowledge to new tasks in every project they undertake. In addition, they must engage in continuing education to keep up with changes in technology. Interpersonal skills. Electrical and electronics engineers must be able to work with others during the manufacturing process to ensure that their plans are implemented correctly. This collaboration includes monitoring technicians and devising remedies to problems as they arise. Math skills. Electrical and electronics engineers must be able to use the prin- ciples of calculus and other advanced math in order to analyze, design, and troubleshoot equipment. Speaking skills. Electrical and electronics engineers work closely with oth- er engineers and technicians. They must be able to explain their designs and reasoning clearly and to relay instructions during product development and pro- duction. They also may need to explain complex issues to customers who have little or no technical expertise. Writing skills. Electrical and electronics engineers develop technical publica- tions related to equipment they develop, including maintenance manuals, oper- ation manuals, parts lists, product proposals, and design methods documents.
16 www.Hub.CareersFree Groups and Forums! Pay Electrical and Electronics Engineers Median annual wages, May 2014 Electronics engineers, except computer $95,790 Electrical and electronics engineers $93,260 Electrical engineers $91,410 Engineers $88,720 Total, all occupations $35,540 Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics The median annual wage for electrical engineers was $91,410 in May 2014. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $59,140, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $143,200. The median annual wage for electronics engineers, except computer was $95,790 in May 2014. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $61,780, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $147,570. In May 2014, the median annual wages for electrical engineers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows: Semiconductor and other electronic component manufactur- ing $105,200
17 www.Hub.Careers Free Job Postings! Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences 104,820 Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instru- ments manufacturing 92,530 Engineering services 89,960 Electric power generation, transmission and distribution 88,790 In May 2014, the median annual wages for electronics engineers in the top indus- tries in which they worked were as follows: Federal government, excluding postal service $104,830 Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instru- ments manufacturing 102,560 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufactur- ing 100,070 Engineering services 95,250 Telecommunications 87,200 Most electrical and electronics engineers work full time.
18 www.Hub.CareersFree Career Blogging! Job Outlook Electrical and Electronics Engineers Percent change in employment, projected 2014-24 Total, all occupations 7% Engineers 4% Electrical engineers 1% Electrical and electronics engineers 0% Electronics engineers, except computer -1% Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program Employment of electrical and electronics engineers is projected to show little or no change from 2014 to 2024. Change in employment is expected to be tempered by slow growth or decline in most manufacturing sectors in which electrical and electronics engineers are employed. Job growth for electrical and electronics engineers will occur largely in engi- neering services firms, because more companies are expected to cut costs by contracting their engineering services rather than directly employing engi- neers. These engineers also will be in demand to develop sophisticated con- sumer electronics. The rapid pace of technological innovation and development will likely drive demand for electrical and electronics engineers in research and development, an area in which engineering expertise will be needed to develop distribution systems related to new technologies. These engineers will play key roles in new developments having to do with solar arrays, semiconductors, and com- munications technologies.
19 www.Hub.Careers Free Career Events! Employment projections data for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2014-24 Occupational Title SOC Code Employ- ment, 2014 Projected Employ- ment, 2024 Change, 2014-24 Employ- ment by IndustryPercent Numeric Electrical and electronics engi- neers 17-2070 315,900 315,700 0 -100 [XLSX] Electrical engi- neers 17-2071 178,400 180,200 1 1,800 [XLSX] Electronics en- gineers, except computer 17-2072 137,400 135,500 -1 -1,900 [XLSX] SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program State & Area Data Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmet- ropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OES data maps for employment and wages by state and area. • Electrical engineers • Electronics engineers, except computer Projections Central Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.com. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an
20 www.Hub.CareersFree Career Videos! occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state’s websites where these data may be retrieved. Career InfoNet America’s Career InfoNet includes hundreds of occupational profiles with d ata available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wag- es by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.
21 www.Hub.Careers Free Career News! Similar Occupations This table shows a list of occupations with job duties that are similar to those of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Occupation Job Duties ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION 2014 MEDIAN PAY Aerospace Engineers Aerospace engineers design primarily aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and missiles. In ad- dition, they test prototypes to make sure that they function according to design. Bachelor's de- gree $105,380 Architectural and Engi- neering Managers Architectural and engineer- ing managers plan, direct, and coordinate activities in architectural and engineering companies. Bachelor's de- gree $130,620 Biomedical Engineers Biomedical engineers com- bine engineering principles with medical and biological sciences to design and create equipment, devices, computer systems, and software used in healthcare. Bachelor's de- gree $86,950 Computer Hardware Engineers Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, and test computer systems and components such as proces- sors, circuit boards, memory devices, networks, and routers. These engineers discover new directions in computer hard- ware, which generate rapid advances in computer technol- ogy. Bachelor's de- gree $108,430
22 www.Hub.CareersFree Career Sites! Electrical and Elec- tronics Engineering Technicians Electrical and electronics engineering technicians help engineers design and develop computers, communications equipment, medical moni- toring devices, navigational equipment, and other electri- cal and electronic equipment. They often work in product evaluation and testing, using measuring and diagnostic devices to adjust, test, and re- pair equipment. They are also involved in the manufacture and deployment of equipment for automation. Associate's de- gree $59,820 Electrical and Elec- tronics Installers and Repairers Electrical and electronics installers and repairers install or repair a variety of electrical equipment in telecommunica- tions, transportation, utilities, and other industries. Postsecond- ary nondegree award $53,900 Electricians Electricians install, maintain, and repair electrical power, communications, lighting, and control systems in homes, businesses, and factories. High school di- ploma or equiv- alent $51,110 Electro-mechanical Technicians Electro-mechanical techni- cians combine knowledge of mechanical technology with knowledge of electrical and electronic circuits. They oper- ate, test, and maintain un- manned, automated, robotic, or electromechanical equip- ment. Associate's de- gree $53,070 Sales Engineers Sales engineers sell complex scientific and technologi- cal products or services to businesses. They must have extensive knowledge of the products’ parts and functions and must understand the scientific processes that make these products work. Bachelor's de- gree $96,340
23 www.Hub.Careers Free Career Polls! Contacts for More Information For information about general engineering education and career resources, visit American Society for Engineering Education Technology Student Association For more information about licensure as an electrical or electronics engineer, visit National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying National Society of Professional Engineers For information about accredited engineering programs, visit ABET O*NET Electrical Engineers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Radio Frequency Identification Device Specialists

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Occupational Outlook: Electrical and Electronics Engineers

  • 2.
    02 www.Hub.Careers Acknowledgments and Disclaimers Copyright2016: Cover Page Illustration and the Hub.Careers Introduction Reproduced courtesy of the Department of Labor, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the U.S. Copyright laws. Please see the Department of Labor for the latest and most up to date information. This source has been specifically reviewed, chosen and curated for relevance and quality by Hub.Careers and reproduced in PDF format for the exclusive use of our select Members and audience. This Ebook is for informational purposes and is not intended as a substitute for professional job and career counseling. Hub.Careers does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause. By using this publication you are agreeing to assume sole responsibility for any errors whatsoever, including in formatting, timeliness and accuracy. Hub.Careers is a website and service owned, managed and operated by TriStone Consulting Group, LLC.
  • 3.
    03 www.Hub.Careers Electrical and Electronics Engineers Tableof Contents 04  Summary 07  What Electrical and Electronics Engineers Do 12  How to Become an Electrical or Electronics Engineer 14  Important Qualities 16  Pay 18  Job Outlook 19  State & Area Data 21  Similar Occupations 23  Contacts for More Information
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    04 www.Hub.CareersJoin us forFree! Electrical and Electronics Engineers Summary Electronics engineers design electronic components and systems for commercial, industrial, or scientific applications. Quick Facts: Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2014 Median Pay $93,260 per year $44.84 per hour Typical Entry-Level Education Bachelor's degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation None On-the-job Training None Number of Jobs, 2014 315,900 Job Outlook, 2014-24 0% (Little or no change) Employment Change, 2014-24 -100
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    05 www.Hub.Careers Free CareereBooks! What Electrical and Electronics Engineers Do Electrical engineers design, develop, test, and supervise the manufacturing of electrical equipment, such as electric motors, radar and navigation systems, communications systems, and power generation equipment. Electronics engi- neers design and develop electronic equipment, such as broadcast and commu- nications systems—from portable music players to global positioning systems (GPSs). Work Environment Electrical and electronics engineers work in industries including research-and development, engineering services, manufacturing, telecommunications, and the federal government. Electrical and electronics engineers generally work indoors in offices. However, they may have to visit sites to observe a problem or a piece of complex equipment. How to Become an Electrical or Electronics Engineer Electrical and electronics engineers must have a bachelor’s degree. Employers also value practical experience, so participation in cooperative engineering pro- grams, in which students earn academic credit for structured work experience. Pay The median annual wage for electrical and electronics engineers was $93,260 in May 2014.
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    06 www.Hub.CareersFree Expert CareerAdvice! Job Outlook Employment of electrical and electronics engineers is projected to show little or no change from 2014 to 2024. Change in employment is expected to be tempered by slow growth or decline in most manufacturing sectors in which electrical and elec- tronics engineers are employed. State & Area Data Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for electrical and electronics engineers. Similar Occupations Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of electrical and electronics engineers with similar occupations. More Information, Including Links to O*NET Learn more about electrical and electronics engineers by visiting additional resourc- es, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.
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    07 www.Hub.Careers Free Groupsand Forums! What Electrical and Electronics Engineers Do Electronics engineers analyze the requirements and costs of electrical systems. Electrical engineers design, develop, test, and supervise the manufacturing of electrical equipment, such as electric motors, radar and navigation systems, communications systems, or power generation equipment. Electrical engineers also design the electrical systems of automobiles and aircraft. Electronics engineers design and develop electronic equipment, such as broad- cast and communications systems, from portable music players to global po- sitioning systems (GPSs). Many also work in areas closely related to computer hardware. Duties Electrical engineers typically do the following: • Design new ways to use electrical power to develop or improve products • Perform detailed calculations to develop manufacturing, construction, and installation standards and specifications
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    08 www.Hub.CareersFree Job Postings! • Direct the manufacture, installation, and testing of electrical equipment to ensure that products meet specifications and codes • Investigate complaints from customers or the public, evaluate problems, and recommend solutions • Work with project managers on production efforts to ensure that projects are completed satisfactorily, on time, and within budget • Electronics engineers typically do the following: • Design electronic components, software, products, or systems for commer- cial, industrial, medical, military, or scientific applications • Analyze customer needs and determine the requirements, capacity, and cost for developing an electrical system plan • Develop maintenance and testing procedures for electronic components and equipment • Evaluate systems and recommend design modifications or equipment repair • Inspect electronic equipment, instruments, and systems to make sure that they meet safety standards and applicable regulations • Plan and develop applications and modifications for electronic properties used in parts and systems in order to improve technical performance Electronics engineers who work for the federal government research, develop, and evaluate electronic devices used in a variety of areas, such as aviation, computing, transportation, and manufacturing. They work on federal elec- tronic devices and systems, including satellites, flight systems, radar and sonar systems, and communications systems. The work of electrical engineers and electronics engineers is often similar. Both use engineering and design software and equipment to do engineering
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    09 www.Hub.Careers Free CareerBlogging! tasks. Both types of engineers also must work with other engineers to dis- cuss existing products and possibilities for engineering projects. Engineers whose work is related exclusively to computer hardware are con- sidered computer hardware engineers.
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    10 www.Hub.CareersFree Career Events! WorkEnvironment Electrical and electronic engineers are mostly employed in industries conduct- ing research and development or engineering service firms. Electrical and electronics engineers held about 315,900 jobs in 2014. The in- dustries that employed the most electrical engineers in 2014 were as follows: Engineering services 22% Electric power generation, transmission and distribution 10 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufactur- ing 7 Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instru- ments manufacturing 7
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    11 www.Hub.Careers Free CareerVideos! Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences 6 The industries that employed the most electronics engineers in 2014 were as follows: Telecommunications 18% Federal government, excluding postal service 13 Engineering services 11 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufactur- ing 9 Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instru- ments manufacturing 7 Electrical and electronics engineers generally work indoors in offices. How- ever, they may visit sites to observe a problem or a piece of complex equip- ment. Work Schedules Most electrical and electronics engineers work full time.
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    12 www.Hub.CareersFree Career News! Howto Become an Electrical or Electronics Engineer Becoming an electrical or electronics engineer involves the study of math and engineering. Electrical and electronics engineers must have a bachelor’s degree. Employers also value practical experience, so participation in cooperative engineering programs, in which students earn academic credit for structured work experi- ence. Having a Professional Engineer (PE) license may improve an engineer’s chances of finding employment. Education High school students interested in studying electrical or electronics engineer- ing benefit from taking courses in physics and mathematics, including alge- bra, trigonometry, and calculus. Courses in drafting are also helpful, because electrical and electronics engineers often are required to prepare technical drawings.
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    13 www.Hub.Careers Free CareerSites! In order to enter the occupation, prospective electrical and electronics en- gineers need a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering, electronics engi- neering, or electrical engineering technology. Programs include classroom, laboratory, and field studies. Courses include digital systems design, differential equations, and electrical circuit theory. Programs in electrical engineering, elec- tronics engineering, or electrical engineering technology should be accredited by ABET. Some colleges and universities offer cooperative programs in which students gain practical experience while completing their education. Cooperative pro- grams combine classroom study with practical work. Internships provide similar experience and are growing in number. At some universities, students can enroll in a 5-year program that leads to both a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree. A graduate degree allows an engi- neer to work as an instructor at some universities, or in research and develop- ment. Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations Licensure is not required for entry-level positions as electrical and electronics engineers. A Professional Engineering (PE) license, which allows for higher levels of leadership and independence, can be acquired later in one’s career. Licensed engineers are called professional engineers (PEs). A PE can oversee the work of other engineers, sign off on projects, and provide services directly to the public. State licensure generally requires • A degree from an ABET-accredited engineering program • A passing score on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam • Relevant work experience • A passing score on the Professional Engineering (PE) exam
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    14 www.Hub.CareersFree Career Polls! Theinitial Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam can be taken right after grad- uation from a college or university. Engineers who pass this exam commonly are called engineers in training (EITs) or engineer interns (EIs). After getting work experience, EITs can take the second exam, called the Principles and Practice of Engineering exam. Several states require engineers to take continuing education courses to keep their license. Most states recognize licensure from other states if the licensing state’s requirements meet or exceed their own licensure requirements. Advancement Electrical and electronic engineers may advance to supervisory positions in which they lead a team of engineers and technicians. Some may move to management positions, working as engineering or program managers. Preparation for manage- rial positions usually requires working under the guidance of a more experienced engineer. For more information, see the profile on architectural and engineering managers. For sales work, an engineering background enables engineers to discuss a prod- uct’s technical aspects and assist in product planning and use. For more informa- tion, see the profile on sales engineers. Important Qualities Concentration. Electrical and electronics engineers design and develop com- plex electrical systems and electronic components and products. They must be able to keep track of multiple design elements and technical characteristics when performing these tasks.
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    15 www.Hub.Careers Free ExpertCareer Advice! Initiative. Electrical and electronics engineers must be able to apply their knowledge to new tasks in every project they undertake. In addition, they must engage in continuing education to keep up with changes in technology. Interpersonal skills. Electrical and electronics engineers must be able to work with others during the manufacturing process to ensure that their plans are implemented correctly. This collaboration includes monitoring technicians and devising remedies to problems as they arise. Math skills. Electrical and electronics engineers must be able to use the prin- ciples of calculus and other advanced math in order to analyze, design, and troubleshoot equipment. Speaking skills. Electrical and electronics engineers work closely with oth- er engineers and technicians. They must be able to explain their designs and reasoning clearly and to relay instructions during product development and pro- duction. They also may need to explain complex issues to customers who have little or no technical expertise. Writing skills. Electrical and electronics engineers develop technical publica- tions related to equipment they develop, including maintenance manuals, oper- ation manuals, parts lists, product proposals, and design methods documents.
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    16 www.Hub.CareersFree Groups andForums! Pay Electrical and Electronics Engineers Median annual wages, May 2014 Electronics engineers, except computer $95,790 Electrical and electronics engineers $93,260 Electrical engineers $91,410 Engineers $88,720 Total, all occupations $35,540 Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics The median annual wage for electrical engineers was $91,410 in May 2014. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $59,140, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $143,200. The median annual wage for electronics engineers, except computer was $95,790 in May 2014. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $61,780, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $147,570. In May 2014, the median annual wages for electrical engineers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows: Semiconductor and other electronic component manufactur- ing $105,200
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    17 www.Hub.Careers Free JobPostings! Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences 104,820 Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instru- ments manufacturing 92,530 Engineering services 89,960 Electric power generation, transmission and distribution 88,790 In May 2014, the median annual wages for electronics engineers in the top indus- tries in which they worked were as follows: Federal government, excluding postal service $104,830 Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instru- ments manufacturing 102,560 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufactur- ing 100,070 Engineering services 95,250 Telecommunications 87,200 Most electrical and electronics engineers work full time.
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    18 www.Hub.CareersFree Career Blogging! JobOutlook Electrical and Electronics Engineers Percent change in employment, projected 2014-24 Total, all occupations 7% Engineers 4% Electrical engineers 1% Electrical and electronics engineers 0% Electronics engineers, except computer -1% Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program Employment of electrical and electronics engineers is projected to show little or no change from 2014 to 2024. Change in employment is expected to be tempered by slow growth or decline in most manufacturing sectors in which electrical and electronics engineers are employed. Job growth for electrical and electronics engineers will occur largely in engi- neering services firms, because more companies are expected to cut costs by contracting their engineering services rather than directly employing engi- neers. These engineers also will be in demand to develop sophisticated con- sumer electronics. The rapid pace of technological innovation and development will likely drive demand for electrical and electronics engineers in research and development, an area in which engineering expertise will be needed to develop distribution systems related to new technologies. These engineers will play key roles in new developments having to do with solar arrays, semiconductors, and com- munications technologies.
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    19 www.Hub.Careers Free CareerEvents! Employment projections data for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2014-24 Occupational Title SOC Code Employ- ment, 2014 Projected Employ- ment, 2024 Change, 2014-24 Employ- ment by IndustryPercent Numeric Electrical and electronics engi- neers 17-2070 315,900 315,700 0 -100 [XLSX] Electrical engi- neers 17-2071 178,400 180,200 1 1,800 [XLSX] Electronics en- gineers, except computer 17-2072 137,400 135,500 -1 -1,900 [XLSX] SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program State & Area Data Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmet- ropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OES data maps for employment and wages by state and area. • Electrical engineers • Electronics engineers, except computer Projections Central Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.com. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an
  • 20.
    20 www.Hub.CareersFree Career Videos! occupationto be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state’s websites where these data may be retrieved. Career InfoNet America’s Career InfoNet includes hundreds of occupational profiles with d ata available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wag- es by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.
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    21 www.Hub.Careers Free CareerNews! Similar Occupations This table shows a list of occupations with job duties that are similar to those of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Occupation Job Duties ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION 2014 MEDIAN PAY Aerospace Engineers Aerospace engineers design primarily aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and missiles. In ad- dition, they test prototypes to make sure that they function according to design. Bachelor's de- gree $105,380 Architectural and Engi- neering Managers Architectural and engineer- ing managers plan, direct, and coordinate activities in architectural and engineering companies. Bachelor's de- gree $130,620 Biomedical Engineers Biomedical engineers com- bine engineering principles with medical and biological sciences to design and create equipment, devices, computer systems, and software used in healthcare. Bachelor's de- gree $86,950 Computer Hardware Engineers Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, and test computer systems and components such as proces- sors, circuit boards, memory devices, networks, and routers. These engineers discover new directions in computer hard- ware, which generate rapid advances in computer technol- ogy. Bachelor's de- gree $108,430
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    22 www.Hub.CareersFree Career Sites! Electricaland Elec- tronics Engineering Technicians Electrical and electronics engineering technicians help engineers design and develop computers, communications equipment, medical moni- toring devices, navigational equipment, and other electri- cal and electronic equipment. They often work in product evaluation and testing, using measuring and diagnostic devices to adjust, test, and re- pair equipment. They are also involved in the manufacture and deployment of equipment for automation. Associate's de- gree $59,820 Electrical and Elec- tronics Installers and Repairers Electrical and electronics installers and repairers install or repair a variety of electrical equipment in telecommunica- tions, transportation, utilities, and other industries. Postsecond- ary nondegree award $53,900 Electricians Electricians install, maintain, and repair electrical power, communications, lighting, and control systems in homes, businesses, and factories. High school di- ploma or equiv- alent $51,110 Electro-mechanical Technicians Electro-mechanical techni- cians combine knowledge of mechanical technology with knowledge of electrical and electronic circuits. They oper- ate, test, and maintain un- manned, automated, robotic, or electromechanical equip- ment. Associate's de- gree $53,070 Sales Engineers Sales engineers sell complex scientific and technologi- cal products or services to businesses. They must have extensive knowledge of the products’ parts and functions and must understand the scientific processes that make these products work. Bachelor's de- gree $96,340
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    23 www.Hub.Careers Free CareerPolls! Contacts for More Information For information about general engineering education and career resources, visit American Society for Engineering Education Technology Student Association For more information about licensure as an electrical or electronics engineer, visit National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying National Society of Professional Engineers For information about accredited engineering programs, visit ABET O*NET Electrical Engineers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Radio Frequency Identification Device Specialists