Obesity and psychotic disorders

1. Obesity and psychotic disorders

2. Outline :
 Introduction.
 The lipidome in health and disease.
 Detecting early markers of metabolic disorders.
 Assessing obesity co-morbidities beyond metabolic syndrome.
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3. Introduction
 Obesity : is excess body fat, stored in adipose tissue and it is usually associated with co-morbidities
-as insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and NAFLD … - tend to co-occur in the same
individual so they are called : Metabolic syndrome.
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o The adipose tissue expandability hypothesis : there is upper limit for fat storage in adipose tissue ,
exceeding this limit  storage in non-adipose tissues as liver & muscles  lipotoxicity.

4. Cont’d…
 There is a near-linear relationship between body weight and insulin resistance.
 Changes in the concentration of specific groups of metabolites are sensitive and
specific to pathologically relevant factors such as genetic variation, diet , age, …etc.
 The pathogenic mechanisms involved in metabolic syndrome might also contribute to
the development and/or acceleration of some psychiatric disorders as schizophrenia.
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5. The lipidome in health and disease
 lipidome : is used to describe the complete lipid profile within a cell.
 Earlier the lipids study wasn’t important.
 Recently it’s emerged as “Lipidomics” which is related closely to “metabolomics”.
 Lipids have many functios in the body as :
 Cell signaling.
 Structural component of cell’s membranes.
 Energy storage.
 Lipidomics is considered one of the key technologies for studying metabolic disorders as
lipotoxicity.
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6. Detecting early markers of metabolic disorders
 Determining the metabolic profiles associated with obesity is an active area of research.
For example :
 Metabolomics studies identified a-hydroxybutyrate as an early marker for insulin sensitivity.
 Lipidomic studies have revealed TAG with lower carbon number and double-bond content
are associated with insulin resistance, high liver fat & diabetes risk.
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7. Cont’d
 ELOVL 6 is the responsible enzyme for cell membrane remodeling.
 The lipids that accumulated in the membranes of adipocytes of obese patient
are precursors of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators.
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Fig. 1

8. Assessing obesity co-morbidities beyond metabolic
syndrome
 Obesity and insulin resistance, NAFL and psychotic disorders.
 Psychotic disorders is of increasing research interest.
 The incidence of psychotic disorders peaks in young adulthood .
 It has been suggested that the unhealthy lifestyle and pharmacological side effects
 increase morbidity and mortality in individuals with psychotic disorders.
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9. Cont’d
 Some antipsychotic drugs  weight gain, insulin resistance and so metabolic syndrome.
 Lipid abnormalities in the brain observed in schizophrenia include :
 Alterations in free fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine in grey and white matter.
 An increase in ceramides in white matter.
 Several fatty acids and ketone bodies are elevated in the serum and urine
schizophrenia.
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10. To brief up :
 Lipidomics has a very important relationship to metabolomics and its necessary for
any individual to monitor his food , exercise and to maintain a normal lipid profile in
his plasma so he can prevent any metabolic disturbances lead to critical changes in
his lipid profile.
‫قال‬«‫ا‬َ‫ي‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ َ‫ند‬ِ‫ع‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ز‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ذ‬ُ‫خ‬ َ‫م‬َ‫آد‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬ٍ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬ْ‫س‬َ‫و‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫اش‬َ‫و‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬
‫وا‬ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ب‬ِ‫ح‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ۚ(31)»‫األعراف‬31
‫و‬‫قال‬«‫ال‬ ‫كان‬ ‫فإن‬ ،‫صلبه‬ ‫يقمن‬ ‫لقيمات‬ ‫آدم‬ ‫ابن‬ ‫بحسب‬ ،‫بطنه‬ ‫من‬ ً‫شرا‬ ‫وعاء‬ ‫آدم‬ ‫ابن‬ ‫مأل‬ ‫ما‬‫بد‬
‫وثلث‬ ‫لشرابه‬ ‫وثلث‬ ‫لطعامه‬ ‫فثلث‬ ً‫فاعال‬‫ه‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ن‬‫ل‬»‫وحسنه‬ ‫الترمذي‬ ‫رواه‬.
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12. Reference
 The Author : Matej Orešič
 Journal : Disease Models & Mechanisms (Dis Model Mech.)
 Impact Factor 2013 : 5.537
 September 2012; 5 (5)
 Web site of the journal : http://dmm.biologists.org/
 Pubmed.com : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22915023
Dec 2014 Sep 2012