This document discusses nutrition and provides recommendations for a balanced diet. It defines nutrition as the provision of food to support life through essential chemicals like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. It then outlines the major macronutrients, their sources and functions. The document recommends dietary allowances for different age groups and provides guidance on breastfeeding, complementary feeding and balanced diets for children. It lists common Indian foods and their calorie and protein content to help create nutritious meals. In the end, it is available to answer any questions on nutrition.

1. Wasay Waseem Kabir
Final Year MBBS, Deccan College of Medical
Sciences

3. NUTRITION
Nutrition , also called
nourishment , is the provision, to
cells and organisms , of the
materials necessary in the form
of food to support life.
Our food is made up of essential
, natural complex chemical

4. 1. Carbohydrate
2. Fat
Macro
3. Protein
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals

5. --50-60% of total energy intake.
 Carbohydrates are divided into
Simple carbohydrates e.g.
monosaccharide and disaccharides
such as glucose and fructose in
fruits, vegetables, sucrose in sugar,
lactose in milk.
Complex Carbohydrates e.g.
oligosaccharides & polysaccharides
such as starch in cereals.

6.  Proteins are second most abundant
substance in the body after water.
 They are required for growth and synthesis
of tissues in the body, and as alternate
source of energy for the body.
 Proteins are made of 20 different kinds of
amino acids.
 Proteins provide 4 kcal energy/gm.

7.  25-30% of energy intake should be
from fat.
 Acts as major structural element of cell
membranes, carriers of fat soluble
vitamins A, D, E, K, precursors offer
biosynthesis of prostaglandins and
hormones.
 Fats in diet or human body are in the form of
triglycerides, phospholipids & cholesterol

8. SIMPLE
LIPIDS
SATURATED FATTY UNSATURATED
ACIDS. Ghee, FATTY ACIDS
Butter, Coconut oil (UFA)
MUFA PUFA
Olive, palm, Corn, soya,
mustard oils. sunflower oils.
EFA
Linoleic & linolenic acids

9. RECOMMENDED DIETARY
ALLOWANCES
 A range of acceptable or safe intake levels
have been established for almost all the important
nutrients, which are recognized as “RDA”.
 RDAs are formulated based on the current knowledge of
nutritional requirements of diff age & sex groups
depending on anthropometry.
 A simple way of calculating energy requirements is as
follows:
-For children with normal body weights, the energy
requirements are :-
 100 Kcal/Kg for the first 10 kg,
 Between 10-20 kg, the requirement is 1000kcal+50
kcal/kg added for wt about 10 kg.
 For wt more than 20 kg 20 kcal/kg is added to 1500
kcal to estimate the requirements.

10. RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES
FOR INDIAN CHILDREN.
GROUP PARTICULAR BODY ENERGY PROTEIN FAT
S WT (KG) Kcal/day gm/day gm/day
INFANTS 0-6 MONTHS 5.4 108/Kg 2.05/Kg 30
0-12 8.6 98/Kg 1.65/Kg 25
MONTHS
CHILDRE 1-3 Yrs 12.2 1240 22 25
N 4-6Yrs 19.0 1690 30 25
7-9Yrs 26.9 1950 41 25
BOYS 10-12 Yrs 35.4 2190 54 22
GIRLS 10-12 Yrs 31.5 1970 57 22
BOYS 13-15 Yrs 47.8 2450 70 22
GIRLS 13-15Yrs 46.7 2060 65 22
BOYS 16-18 Yrs 57.1 2640 78 22
GIRLS 16-18 Yrs 49.9 2060 63 22

11.  BREAST FEEDING:
 An infant should be exclusively breast
fed till 6 months of age”
 During this age, additional food or fluid is
not required as breast milk is nutritionally
complete for the child’s growth and
development and it protects from
infections and strengthens immune
system.

12. COMPLEMENTARY DIET:
 Complementary feeding is started at 6 months of age
while continuing breast feeding.
 Complementary feeding refers to food which
complements breast milk and ensures that the child
continues to have enough energy , protein and other
nutrients to grow normally.
 Breast feeding is encouraged up to 2 years of age in
addition to normal food.
BALANCED DIET:
 Balanced diet is defined as nutritionally adequate
and appropriate; it provides all the nutrients in
required amounts in proper proportions.
 A combination of carbohydrate rich food, a protein
source and fat should be used to make nutritionally
adequate complementary food or feed.
 This diet should contain 55-60% cal from
carbohydrates, 10-12% proteins & 25-30% fats.

13. Foods are conventionally grouped as:
 Cereals, millets and pulses.
 Vegetables& fruits.
 Milk and milk products
 Egg, meat, fish.
 Oils and fats.

14. IMNCI FOOD BOX
AGE FOOD
 Up to 6  Breast feed as often as the child
months wants, at least 8 times in 24 hrs.
 Do not give any other foods or fluids
not even water.
 6-12  Breast feed as often as the child
months wants.
 1 katori serving at a time of:
mashed roti/ bread / biscuit mixed in
sweetened undiluted milk OR
 Mashed boiled /fried potatoes
 3 times a day.

15. AGE FOOD
 12  Breast feed as often as the child
months- 2 wants.
yrs.  Offer food from the family pot.
 Give at least1 ½ katori serving at
a time 5 times a day.
 Mashed roti/ rice/ bread mixed in
thick dal with added ghee/ oil OR
khichri with added ghee and cooked
vegetables also in the servings.
 2yrs and
 Give family food as 3 meals each
older day.
 also, twice daily, give nutritious food
between meals such as: banana/

16. COMMON FOOD STUFFS
FOOD K CAL/100 gm PROTEIN/100g
FISH 100 20
COW MILK 67 3.3
DHAL 350 21
RICE 350 7
POTATO 100 1.6
BANANA 100 1.0
TAPIOCA 160 0.7

17. PREPARATIONS QTY FOR 1 KCAL
SERVING
RICE 1 CUP 100
PHULKA 1 NO 50
BREAD 2 SLICES 100
UPMA 1 CUP 250
IDLY 2 NO 100
DOSA 1NO 50
KHICHRI 1 CUP 200
CORN FLAKES 1 CUP 220
SAMBAR 1 ½ CUP 100
BOILED EGG 1 NO 70

18. PREPARATIONS QTY FOR 1 KCAL
SERVING
Plain Dhal 1 CUP 110
SAMOSA 1 NO 200
SAND WICH 2 NO 200
APPLE 1 65
BANANA 1 90
GRAPES 30 NO 70
GUAVA 1 50
JACKFRUIT 4 PIECES 90
MANGO 1 180
CHEEKU 1 80
ORANGE 1 40

19. Any
Questions??

20. THANK YOU…
Acknowledgement
-Dr.Narayan Reddy