Nursing Students

2. Welcome to my
seminar 😌😌😌

3. Ventilation

4. Introduction
Children who are long Term
Ventilated have been found to
have a significantly health
related poor quality of life.
Competencies and training
is also a major concern for
long term ventilation

5. Definition
The goal of mechanical ventilation or
to oxygen the body and to remove
carbon dioxide and will doing so
attempt to minimize damage to the
lungs. Historically positive pressure
ventilation is the most commonly
used method of ventilation in
neonates

6. Incidence
1. The need for long term insulation to
discharge home in in average of 7 to 9
month
2. The number of. Tracheostomy ventilation
children managed out of hospital iS
approximately 250 to 275 per 10000

7. Normal respiration
Exchange of Oxygen and
carbon dioxide between the
lungs and the external
environment

8. Normal respiration

9. Respiratory
failure
Inability of the
pulmonary system to
meet the metabolic
demands of the body
through adequate gas
exchange

10. Types of respiratory failure
Two types of respiratory failure
Hypoxemic
Hypercarbic
1. Each can be acute or chronic
2. Both can be present in the
same patient

11. Indication form
mechanical ventilation
1. Apnoea with respiratory arrest
2. Acute respiratory acidosis with pa
CO2>50 mmHg and pH <7.25
3. Respiratory muscles weakness
4. Medication toxicity
5. Obstructive disease like
asthma

12. Respiratory failure due to pulmonary
disease
acute lungs injury
Hypertension including sepsis, shock
of CHF
Neurological disease such as GB
syndrome

13. Mode of mechanical ventilators
 There are following mode of ventilation
1. Controlled ventilation
2. Assissted ventilation
3. Supported ventilation

14. Controlled ventilation
In controlled ventilation all
breaths are triggered, limited and
cycled by the ventilation this mode
of used wHen patient Ventilation
device is limited or absent

15. Assissted ventilation
Assissted ventilation reducing
the patient effort and
optimizing comfort

16. Supported ventilation
It is defined as brealths that are
thigeref by the patient limited
by the ventilation and cycled by
the patient

17. Types of ventilators
1.Pressure cycled ventilation
2.Volume Cycled ventilation
3.Time cycled ventilation
4.Mechanical ventilation

18. Pressure cycled ventilators
This type of ventilators the
respiratory cycle when a pre-
set inspiratory pressure is
reacted

19. Volume –cycled ventilators
This type of ventilator terminate
respiration When a pre-set Volume
is delivered the compliance and
resistance of the lungs will change
the pressure needed of deliver the
pre-set Volume

20. Time cycled ventilation
This type of ventilation terminates
inspiration when pre-set is research.
volume is a greatly affected by the
compliance of the ventilators tubing,
compliance and resistance of the
lungs and follow rate of the delivered
gas

21. Care and monitoring of the
ventilatored child
1. During mechanical ventilation
the care giver or nurse has to
take a high responsibility
2. Close monitoring of all the vital
of patient
3. Excessive carbon dioxide should
be avoided as it may result in

22.  Before use of medication to
sedate the children it should be
ensured that the ET tube is
patient in food position and
well secured
Check that ventilation setting
which should be appreciate and
no complications Should occur

23. Monitoring of the
ventilated child
1.Assess frequency and strength of
spohalaneous breathing
2.Monitoring of circulation, pulse,
blood pressure
3.Assess neuro-behavioural activity
4.Radiological assessment

24. Over all lungs volume
Monitor any air leak syndrome
emphysema pneumothorax etc.
Presence of atelectasis pneumonia,
pulmonary edema etc.
Check heart size or any complication
Abdominal distension

25. Function
Achieve and maintain adequate
pulmonary gas exchange
Minimize the risk of lungs injury
Reduce patient work of breathing
Optimize patient comfort
To maintain sufficient oxygenation
and ventilation

26. Definitions
Tidal volume.(TV) volume of each breath
Rate . Breath per minute
Minute ventilation.(mV) total
ventilation par minute
 Flow . Volume of gas per minute
Compliance.the distensibility of a
system tha compliance the easier it is to
inflate the lungs

27. Intial ventilation setting
Rate.20-24 for infants and
preschoolers 16 to 20 for grade
school kids 12 to 16 for adolescent
TV. 10-15 ml/kg
PEEP. 3-5 cm
Fio2.100 %
1-time .0.7 sec. For higher rates
,1sec.for lower rate pip(for pressure
control) about 24 cm H2o