1. PROPAGATION OF PLANTS BY
DIVISION
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Submitted by
Kavya (37)
Khushdil(39)
Khiladi Krishan(38)
Khushi (40)
Kanta(36)
Submitted to – Dr Shahroon khan
plant propagation and nursery management
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2. • Topic
Method and techniques of division –
stolons,pseudo bulbs,offsets,runners, cuttings,
grafting, layering, formation of graft union
3. Propagation by division
⚫ Propagation by division is the simplest method of vegetative
propagation. The plants which produce masses of stems at
ground level, each having its own root system, are lifted from
the ground and divided into individuals.
⚫ Many of the plants such as Aster, Chrysanthemum, Tuberose,
and most of the herbaceous perennials grow in clumps and
can be easily propagated by this method.
4. Propagation of plants by separation
⚫ The line between ‘division’ and ‘separation’ is delicate.
In separation, the rooted or un-rooted parts of the
plant are detached from the main plant on maturity.
⚫ These start to develop a new plant in the next season.
Many of these plant parts are genetic modifications of
stems, meant for vegetative propagation only
5. Steps for propagating the potted plant by division
⚫ Divide the plants under hygienic conditions with
clean tools and hands.
⚫ Choose healthy and vigorous plant material for propagation.
⚫ Knock the plant out of its pot, and free the roots of surplus
soil.
⚫ Pull the plants gently apart, and single out each with separate
stem, leaf or crown.
⚫ Plot each division as a different plant in a suitably sized pot
using a good potting soil.
⚫ Do this procedure at the time of re-potting the plant, once a
year.
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7. Suckers
⚫ Some plants can produce new stems from the adventitious
buds formed on their roots. These new extensions are called
suckers. Stem suckers are also produced from the base of the
stem below the ground level. These soon develop into healthy
roots and should be separated and transplanted carefully.
⚫ Trees such as cork tree, Bel, Chrysanthemum, Ixora and
Jasminum shrubs produce root suckers.
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11. Rhizome:
⚫ Some types of plants grow from underground stems called rhizomes.
⚫ It is a subterranean stem that arises from the lateral bud of the main
stem at the ground level. The rhizomes extend underground near the
surface horizontally. The most typical example of Rhizome is Canna
indica, where rhizomes are divided into bits, each piece capable of
forming a new plant.
⚫ Rhizomes:
⚫ are stems that grow under the soil surface
⚫ can be divided by cutting the parent plant into sections when the plant is
dormant. Each section must have a bud at a node. New shoots and roots
will form from the buds.
⚫ Canna lilies, irises, rhubarb, kikuyu, ginger and bamboo are propagated
from rhizomes.
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14. ⚫ Use a sharp, clean spade or knife to divide the rhizome. A sharp, clean
implement is less likely to transmit disease or damage plant tissue.
⚫ A clean cut will heal faster with less chance of disease entering the wound.
⚫ Plant the new plants at a normal depth in friable, fertile soil and keep watered.
⚫ If the rhizome isn’t dormant then cut any leaves back by two thirds. This will
prevent water loss and wilting.
⚫ Plants that don’t have a dormant period can be divided in autumn. Dividing the
plants in autumn gives the new plants time to establish before active growth in
spring. They are less likely to suffer from a lack of water at this time of year.
⚫ Taller plants like bamboo may need a stake for support until the new plant roots
are fully established.
Steps for propagating the plant by rhizomes
15. Runner and Stolon:
⚫ When the rhizomes remain above ground and creep along
forming roots are clusters of leaves at each joint; these are
termed as runners. Eg. Strawberry.
⚫ It is a slender branch which naturally produces roots and bears
a bud at its tip, thus forming a new plant. A stolon may be
constructed above ground like in Spider plant (Chlorophytum)
or underground as in some ornamental grasses.
16. ⚫ Runners and stolons are horizontal stems that grow from a
crown. Runners are found above the ground. Stolons are
below ground level. Roots and shoots grow at nodes along
the runner. The new plantlets that develop at the node can
be cut off the runner and transplanted. They should be
transplanted into moist, friable, fertile soil.
⚫ Strawberries are an exam ple of a plant that produces a
runner.
Runner and Stolon:
18. Tubers:
⚫ These are short, thickened parts of near-ground branches which
store large quantities of plant food, mainly starch. Potato is the
best example of Tuber that can reproduce naturally.
⚫ There are two types of tubers: stem tubers and root tubers.
19. Stem tubers:
⚫ The stem tuber you are probably most familiar with is the potato.
A stem tuber:
⚫ is a swollen underground stem
⚫ can produce shoots from buds, also known as ‘eyes’
⚫ can be divided by being cut into pieces or grown from a small tuber
known as a ‘seed’ tuber.
20. Stem tubers:
⚫ Once divided, each piece of stem tuber has a bud or eye that will
grow to produce roots and shoots. The piece of stem tuber will
provide the energy for growth until the new shoot is above ground
level.
21. Dividing a stem tuber
⚫ You will need:
⚫ a potato, chopping board, knife, warm dark dry area, newspaper,
plastic bag.
⚫ What to do
⚫ Place the potato in a warm dark airy dry place until buds begin to
develop. Check your potato daily.
⚫ Once buds have begun to develop, divide your potato into pieces
and make sure there is a bud or eye on each piece. Each piece
should be about the size of an egg.
⚫ Leave the cut pieces to dry overnight.
⚫ Next day wrap the pieces in newspaper, place in a plastic bag.
22. Root tubers:
⚫ Dahlias and kūmara
are examples of root
tubers.
⚫ A root tuber:
⚫ is a swollen root
⚫ can be divided in spring
⚫ Each piece must have a
piece of tuber with a
bud.
23. Bulb:
⚫ Botanically, Bulb is a specialized plant organ, which is a
modification of stem with scaly leaves. In bulbs, the stem is
remain
reduced to a disc around which fleshy leaf scales
attached.
⚫ The word ‘Bulb’; in commercial horticulture and gardening means
much more than the strict botanical interpretation.
bulbs, this includes corms, rhizomes, tubers and
Besides
other
underground plant parts.
⚫ Whenever you eat an onion you are eating the bulb of an onion
plant. Examples of plants propagated by bulbs include plants
from the onion and daffodil families.
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27. Crowns:
⚫ The crown is the part of the plant below the soil surface from
which new shoots grow.
⚫ A crown can be divided into smaller pieces using a garden fork,
sharp spade or knife or by hand. The tool used depends on the
size of the plant involved.
⚫ If the plant to be divided has a period of dormancy it should be
divided just before re-growth. If the plant has leaves all year
round then the plant should be divided in early spring. The leaves
should be cut back by two thirds to prevent water loss and wilting
while the new shoots are developing.
⚫ Examples of plants that grow from a crown are: flax, sedum and
chrysanthemum.
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29. Corms:
⚫ C orms look like bulbs and are often confused with them.
There are no modified leaves on a corm as in the onion.
Corms are squashed, compressed stems. They can’t be
pulled apart into individual leaf scales.
⚫ Corms:
⚫ are flattened underground stems swollen with food
⚫ produce cormlets at their bases.
