Nuclear terrorism history in the world

1. Mehmet Can İncircioğlu

2. PURPOSE
The purpose of this presentation is to provide the
reader with an overview of nuclear terrorism and their
effects.
The Grand Challenge Of This Project is
‘’How To We Reduce The Nuclear Terror Damage’’
Our Challenge for this Project is
‘’ How to Reduce the loss of life’’

3. Nuclear: njuː.klɪə/ Adjective
1A) The power produced when the nucleus of an atom is divided to another nucleus.
Terror: ter.ər/ Noun
1A) Violent action that causes fear.

4. This type of terrorism is the most spoken subject from all around the World.
Unfortunately Nuclear Terrorism threat bigger than people think. Even the
leaders of countries come together and spend time about this problem.

5. The first nuclear weapons were created by
the United States, and Albert Einstein
Manhattan Project.
They were eventually used against the
Japanese cities of Hiroshima Nagasaki in August
1945.
Nuclear weapons were symbols of military
and national power, and nuclear was often
used to send political messages.

6. Fat BoyLittle Man
Hiroshima was the primary target of the first nuclear bombing mission on August 6 .
70.000 to 80.000 people were killed immediately in Hiroshima.
80.000 had died from the bombing in Nagasaki.
The code name for the bomb used in Hiroshima was called, «Little Boy.» The bomb used in Nagasaki was called
«Fat Boy.»

8. The energy released from a nuclear weapon comes in
four major categories:
Blast = 40-60% of total energy
Thermal radiation = 30-50% of total energy
Ionizing radiation = 5% of total energy
Residual radiation (fallout) = 5-10% of total energy

9. 300.000 Celsius degree heat comes up after the explosion
and all living things within the 30 km will be died because of
thermal heat.
All living things within 80 km occurs 3rd degrees burns
and died in pain.
Atmospheric radiation spreads over an area of 1500
square meters and become breaks down mutations in
the genes of the living beings.
Plants and animals are affected from radiation and
environment becomes non-living area.

10. Where the center and the political power of the Turkey
is Ankara, we assume that Nuclear Bomb is dropped to
Ankara.
Nuclear Bomb with a 10 megatons creates 2500 meter
square hole in the center of the explosion.
With the explosion shock waves are generated at the
speed of sound and these causes of huge tornado’s.
All the buildings within 30 km will be dummy flat and
all buildings in 95 km will be collapse.
Thermal radiation causes huge fires and because of
they cannot be extinguished the fires will grow with the
winds.

11. Uranium Bomb: For make the Uranium Bombhighly enriched
uranium hexafluoride, converted to uranium oxide. Then metal
bullion of Uranium is produced. Simple chemical and engineering
activities are sufficient(enough) for this.
Atomic Bomb: Most simple and most powerful fission weapon.
It has 50kgtons of explosion power. This power can be increased
by a nuclear fusions methods.
Hydrogen Bombs: Nucleons fused with nuclear fusion leads
larger fusions that needs for larger explosion. With this Fission-
fusion-fission we are facing a new model of Nuclear terrorism.

12. This Subject is the most feared issue from all around the world
The nuclear nightmare that appears us today is very different from the one
feared during the Cold War.
Especially after the 9/11 nuclear terrorism has emerged as a real threat

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Russia USA France Chiana UK India Israel
Pareto Chart Of Nuclear Weapons
Number Of Nuclear Weapons Cumulative Percent
We need a new strategy for reducing nuclear threats, and especially the threat of nuclear terrorism.
The international community urgently needs to expand its efforts to secure existing stocks of nuclear
weapons and materials

14. Problem Statement : Reduce The Loss Of Life
When we look at the history the most damaging terror in the world is Nuclear Weapons
The radiation that comes out after the bomb is enough for change all the DNA’s of humans and
causes mutations
We can’t do anything when the first bomb(80.000 people) but we can save the people
that undergoes radiation.(100.000) Our priority is Reduce the loss of life.

15. Save
People's
Life
Make a way to
doctors for save the
survivors.
System for
extunguish
the fire
Find a
treatment
for
Radiation
Our first duty is SAVE PEOPLE ‘’AFTER THE BOMB OF NUCLEAR’’
Firstly we need to find a solution for fires just after the
exploding.
Secondly, the %70 of radiation is deathful so we need to
cure ,for this situation.
After the bomb nearly 140 km cannot be used and reached.
We Need to make a way to help survivors.

16. If you injured, only doctors can save you. So we stay in this logic.
After the collision the doctors needs to come the blast area immediately but this is impossible
because the fire is so big and the radiation makes people die.
So we want to design a hospital on the underground of the city. Underground cities will be the most
useful things in next centuries. So we referenced that part and we add it why cant we do a underground
hospital? With this underground hospital we provide injured people can be prevent the death of injured
people
The survivors can easily come to this shelters and the doctors can reach the shelters by using tunnels
and cure the injured people on the “Underground hospitals”.

17. SWOT CHART
Strengths Weaknesses
 Underground Hospitals provide people more cure
 Survivor will pay less
 More people can survive from the explosion
 Help to improve city security
 The survivor couldn’t make it to entrance of hospital.
 May be the doctors can affected on radiation.
 The hospital can be damaged too nuclear weapons
Opportunities Threats
 Technology of underground system will develop.
 Doctors can find different solution when they see the
scenarios at the first place.
 İf terrorists knows the hospital, they can attack this
building too.
 Doctors can be scared to come to the hospital.
 May be the survivors can’t get to the hospitals.
 The location of hospital can be so far from exploding
area.

18. Radiations is the most dangerous effect after the explosion.
The radiation can causes: Injured people can die, healthy people can be injured, DNA’s of healthy
living things (flower, humans, animals etc.) can break down.
So to get ahead of these scenarios we need to find a solution for Radiation. We comes up with two different solution:
- First is make Medicines for Radiation. - Second is Radiation Clothes. (Armor)
- If we use this clothes on the nuclear bombing nearly
%66 of the radiation can be absorbed, this the highly
ratio for saving people’s life.
- Fashion designer and scientists comes together and
start to make new clothes(T-Shirt, coat etc.) that
contains anti radiation elements inside the fabric and
provide people on the affect of radiation
- Medicine is the more effective then clothes
because when you wear something you don't close all
your body.
- If you take medicines your blood cells and your body
are now resistant to radiation’s danger.
- When we look at the our solution this part is the
most suitable part of our project. İt is more cheap, more
effective and more useful.

19. SWOT CHART
Strengths Weaknesses
 Consumer will only pay once
 Medicines can save more peoples life
 With medicines doctors can do easily their jobs.
 Clothes will transform to casuals.
 People don’t need to do extra things for protect from
radiation.
 Clothes won’t be protect completely people.
 All the scientists and designer may not be deal.
 Medicines can have side symptom.
 All people cannot afford the buy these.
Opportunities Threats
 Fashion designer can find a new fabric types.
 With the medicine technology will grow immediately
 Terrorists can find to pass the medicines.
 Price of the medicines and clothes will be expensive.

20. Fire is only extinguish by the fire extinguisher.
When the nuclear bomb explodes the fires starts from the center of explosion with 300.000 Celsius
and grows with circles.
For the fire of nuclear bomb you need to too much larger fire extinguisher and you need to use a
thousand times better extinguisher solution for the this type of fire comes from nuclear bombing
Our thinks is build a huge circle of with a radius 50 km from the city center. But this fire extinguished
is different from the other. Its formula is thousands time stronger and it’s called “Nuclear Extinguisher”.
And if the bomb is explode this extinguisher will be automatically extinguish the fires
The constructions will not be destroyed and peoples will not die from fires.

21. SWOT CHART
Strengths Weaknesses
 Deflect the fires that came after the exploding.
 Rescue the buildings and peoples from fires
 The extinguisher can damage survivors too.
 May the location of bombing can be change
 Too much water will be used
Opportunities Threats
 Chemistry will improve with this invention
 The big fires can be easily deflect after this.
 Terrorists can make a new weapon for eliminate this
 If they find the location of extinguisher, they easily
thrown somewhere else
 Solution of extinguisher can affect people

23. Criteria
Possible
Effectiveness
Score
Score For
Underground
Hospitals
Score For
Radiations-Free
Score For
Nuclear Extinguisher
Performance/Cost 30 15 20 7
Size(Area Required) 15 9 13 2
Feasibility 20 10 10 5
Price Of Usage 10 5 7 10
Usability 10 10 5 3
Availability 15 7 7 4
Total Effectiveness
Score 100 56 62 31

24. Conclusion:
Our problem statement is reducing the loss of life. We gives you three solution for challenge. Seems
like the best solution in our alternatives is Radiation-Free, which is the second solution.
The first reason for make first Radiation-Free is performance/Cost. The two important things for this
topic is medicine and clothing. These costs amount to be made is less than building underground
hospitals and nuclear extinguish.
The first solution is better than the third solution when we look at the diagrams. The underground
hospitals is the most useful things in the explosions because we need doctors mostly after the explosions.
When we look at the our third solutions the most good things for Nuclear extinguish is price of usage
section. Because everyone needs to pay for have the solutions. But in this solution, only government pays
and build this solution.
Our first purpose in this project is to make our product can be reachable easiest way for people.

25. References:
For Grand Challenges:
- The nuclear security advisory Group (19 October 2007) Reducing Nuclear Threats and Preventing Nuclear Terrorism
- Buddemeier, B.R., and M.B. Dillon. 2009. Key Response Planning Factors for the Aftermath of Nuclear Terrorism. LLNL-TR-
410067. August 2009. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif
- DHS. 2008. Planning Guidance for Protection and Recovery Following Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) and Improvised
Nuclear Device (IND) Incidents.
- Levanon, I., and A. Pernick. 1988. The inhalation hazard of radioactive fallout.
For Solutions:
- http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Reducing%20Nuclear%20Threats-FINAL.pdf
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1122278/