The document summarizes research on the low FODMAP diet for managing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It finds that dietary restriction of fermentable carbohydrates, known as the low FODMAP diet, shows efficacy for IBS symptoms based on uncontrolled and retrospective studies as well as three randomized controlled trials. However, more randomized trials are still needed to confirm its efficacy and examine effects on gut microbiota and nutrition. Placebo-controlled dietary trials are challenging due to difficulties incorporating a placebo. The diet works by restricting short-chain carbohydrates like fructans, GOS, lactose, fructose, and polyols that are poorly absorbed and increase luminal water and gas production when fermented
Susceptibility to Crohn's disease involves genetic and environmental factors. A new hypothesis proposes that excessive consumption of highly fermentable short-chain carbohydrates and polyols (FODMAPs) delivered to the distal small intestine and colon leads to increased intestinal permeability, a predisposing factor for the development of Crohn's disease. Evidence for this hypothesis includes the rising intake of FODMAPs in western societies, the association between increased sugar intake and Crohn's disease, and the previously documented effects of excessive FODMAP consumption on the bowel. This hypothesis provides a potential explanation for environmental factors influencing Crohn's disease susceptibility and a basis for preventive strategies.
FODMAPS, Put simply, FODMAPs are a collection of short-chain carbohydrates (sugars) that aren’t absorbed properly in the gut, which can trigger symptoms in people with IBS. FODMAPs are found naturally in many foods and food additives.
Gastrointestinal toleracne and utlization of agave inulin by healthy adults 2014Leila Shinn
This study evaluated gastrointestinal tolerance and utilization of two doses of agave inulin (5.0 g and 7.5 g per day) compared to a placebo in 29 healthy adults over three 21-day periods. Slight increases in bloating, flatulence, and rumbling frequency were seen with both doses of agave inulin. Higher doses also increased abdominal pain and rumbling intensity. Number of bowel movements increased and stools were softer with the higher 7.5 g dose. Breath hydrogen levels increased after consuming agave inulin, indicating fermentation. Overall, both doses led to minimal gastrointestinal symptoms and improved laxation without increased diarrhea.
Consuming cruciferous vegetables even by people with thyroid problems could potentially provide certain health benefits, such as antioxidant and ant inflammatory effects to the gland, without a negative impact to its functioning.
The document discusses a study that aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota and inflammatory markers in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis. CKD is a progressive loss of kidney function that can cause biochemical and inflammatory changes. The study used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design with a small number of participants. Samples were taken and DNA was extracted from gut microbiota and amplified using PCR for analysis. The results did not find significant effects of probiotic supplementation on biochemical or inflammatory markers in CKD patients, likely due to the small sample size and other uncontrolled factors that influence outcomes in CKD. In conclusion, while probiotics may help with
Nutrition is essential for surgery patients as surgical procedures and fasting can quickly lead to malnutrition. Patients with severe protein depletion are more likely to experience postoperative complications like pneumonia and infection. Nutritional status should be assessed through history, diet assessment, physical exam, and lab tests. Malnutrition is caused by reduced food intake, malabsorption, altered metabolism, and more. Nutritional requirements vary but are generally 25-30 calories/kg/day and 1.5-2 grams of protein/kg/day. Nutrition can be provided enterally through tubes or parenterally through IVs. Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral when possible.
This study examined the effects of the probiotic supplement Renadyl (Kibow) on 25 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 and 4. 11 patients had diabetes and 14 did not. All patients received the probiotic or placebo for 3 months, then crossed over to the other. The probiotic significantly reduced blood urea levels in both groups. It only significantly reduced creatinine in non-diabetic patients. The study concluded the probiotic may benefit CKD patients, but larger and longer studies are needed, especially regarding antibiotic use and diabetes status.
1) Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) includes natural products like herbs, vitamins, probiotics, and mind-body practices like yoga and acupuncture. CAM use is common, with 65% of patients using herbal preparations.
2) Milk thistle extract, which contains silybin, is used for liver support. Studies on its effectiveness for hepatitis have shown mixed results, with some studies finding lower liver enzymes but no impact on viral levels. Larger and higher quality studies are still needed.
3) Adulterants in herbal supplements and traditional Chinese medicines have been found to cause liver injury. Herbalife supplements were linked to 12 and 10 cases of liver injury in Israel and Switzerland
Susceptibility to Crohn's disease involves genetic and environmental factors. A new hypothesis proposes that excessive consumption of highly fermentable short-chain carbohydrates and polyols (FODMAPs) delivered to the distal small intestine and colon leads to increased intestinal permeability, a predisposing factor for the development of Crohn's disease. Evidence for this hypothesis includes the rising intake of FODMAPs in western societies, the association between increased sugar intake and Crohn's disease, and the previously documented effects of excessive FODMAP consumption on the bowel. This hypothesis provides a potential explanation for environmental factors influencing Crohn's disease susceptibility and a basis for preventive strategies.
FODMAPS, Put simply, FODMAPs are a collection of short-chain carbohydrates (sugars) that aren’t absorbed properly in the gut, which can trigger symptoms in people with IBS. FODMAPs are found naturally in many foods and food additives.
Gastrointestinal toleracne and utlization of agave inulin by healthy adults 2014Leila Shinn
This study evaluated gastrointestinal tolerance and utilization of two doses of agave inulin (5.0 g and 7.5 g per day) compared to a placebo in 29 healthy adults over three 21-day periods. Slight increases in bloating, flatulence, and rumbling frequency were seen with both doses of agave inulin. Higher doses also increased abdominal pain and rumbling intensity. Number of bowel movements increased and stools were softer with the higher 7.5 g dose. Breath hydrogen levels increased after consuming agave inulin, indicating fermentation. Overall, both doses led to minimal gastrointestinal symptoms and improved laxation without increased diarrhea.
Consuming cruciferous vegetables even by people with thyroid problems could potentially provide certain health benefits, such as antioxidant and ant inflammatory effects to the gland, without a negative impact to its functioning.
The document discusses a study that aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota and inflammatory markers in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis. CKD is a progressive loss of kidney function that can cause biochemical and inflammatory changes. The study used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design with a small number of participants. Samples were taken and DNA was extracted from gut microbiota and amplified using PCR for analysis. The results did not find significant effects of probiotic supplementation on biochemical or inflammatory markers in CKD patients, likely due to the small sample size and other uncontrolled factors that influence outcomes in CKD. In conclusion, while probiotics may help with
Nutrition is essential for surgery patients as surgical procedures and fasting can quickly lead to malnutrition. Patients with severe protein depletion are more likely to experience postoperative complications like pneumonia and infection. Nutritional status should be assessed through history, diet assessment, physical exam, and lab tests. Malnutrition is caused by reduced food intake, malabsorption, altered metabolism, and more. Nutritional requirements vary but are generally 25-30 calories/kg/day and 1.5-2 grams of protein/kg/day. Nutrition can be provided enterally through tubes or parenterally through IVs. Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral when possible.
This study examined the effects of the probiotic supplement Renadyl (Kibow) on 25 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 and 4. 11 patients had diabetes and 14 did not. All patients received the probiotic or placebo for 3 months, then crossed over to the other. The probiotic significantly reduced blood urea levels in both groups. It only significantly reduced creatinine in non-diabetic patients. The study concluded the probiotic may benefit CKD patients, but larger and longer studies are needed, especially regarding antibiotic use and diabetes status.
1) Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) includes natural products like herbs, vitamins, probiotics, and mind-body practices like yoga and acupuncture. CAM use is common, with 65% of patients using herbal preparations.
2) Milk thistle extract, which contains silybin, is used for liver support. Studies on its effectiveness for hepatitis have shown mixed results, with some studies finding lower liver enzymes but no impact on viral levels. Larger and higher quality studies are still needed.
3) Adulterants in herbal supplements and traditional Chinese medicines have been found to cause liver injury. Herbalife supplements were linked to 12 and 10 cases of liver injury in Israel and Switzerland
Functional Digestive Disorders and the Role of Diet by Giovanni BarbaraKiwifruit Symposium
Prof. Giovanni Barbara, Professor of Medicine and Gastroenterology at the University of Bologna, Italy: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/functional-gastrointestinal-disorders-and-the-role-of-diet/
Roughly 30% of the population is affected by at least one of the several functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) with functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic constipation (CC) being the most common.
This chapter discusses nutrition intervention and diet-drug interactions. It covers implementing nutrition care plans, dietary modifications like modified diets and nothing by mouth orders. It also discusses foodservice, improving food intake in hospitals, and potential interactions between drugs and nutrients. The chapter concludes by examining complementary and alternative medical therapies and potential issues with herbal remedies and dietary supplements.
Effect of the_glycemic_index_of_the_diet_on_weight (2)AmineYahyaoui2
This randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of 3 iso-caloric energy-restricted diets with different glycemic indexes (GIs) on weight loss, satiety, inflammation, and metabolic risk factors in 122 overweight and obese adults over 6 months. The diets included: 1) a moderate-carbohydrate, low-GI diet (LGI); 2) a moderate-carbohydrate, high-GI diet (HGI); and 3) a low-fat, high-GI diet (LF). The results showed greater reductions in body mass index in the LGI group compared to the LF group. Fasting insulin, insulin resistance, and beta cell function also decreased more in the LGI group than the
As a newly emphasized modality to treat infectious complications and also to folloew non-antibiotic regimens against infection, Probiotics has recieved more and more attention now a days.
Κολοβέρου E, Παναγιωτάκος Δ. Η Μεσογειακή δίαιτα στην πρωτογενή πρόληψη του ...MedicalWeb.gr
Κολοβέρου E, Παναγιωτάκος Δ.
Η Μεσογειακή δίαιτα στην πρωτογενή πρόληψη του ΣΚ τύπου 2: Υπεύθυνοι παθοφυσιολογικοί μηχανισμοί. Ελληνική Επιθεώρηση Αθηροσκλήρωσης 2014 5(3):200–206
1. Nutritional Support In The Surgical PatientMD Specialclass
The document discusses nutritional support in surgical patients. It covers 5 key issues: indications for nutritional support, determining nutritional status, the effectiveness of support for well-nourished vs malnourished patients, the route of nutrition (enteral vs parenteral), and appropriate composition of diets. Severely malnourished patients, those with short bowel syndrome, and those not expected to feed for 7+ days are good candidates. Markers like weight loss, transport proteins, and nutritional indices help determine status. Enteral nutrition is preferred but parenteral may be needed in some cases.
The document discusses nutrition assessment for health care. It describes how illness can impact nutrition status by reducing food intake, interfering with digestion and altering metabolism. A comprehensive nutrition assessment involves collecting medical history, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, biochemical data and a physical exam. This information is used to identify nutritional problems and inform the nutrition care plan.
The document discusses nutrition support and the conditions that require specialized nutrition through enteral or parenteral means. It covers the indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of enteral nutrition support through various tube feeding routes and administration methods. The roles and responsibilities of nutrition support dietitians in implementing individualized nutrition care plans are also outlined.
This document summarizes a presentation on enteral nutrition for pediatric patients with gastrointestinal impairment. It discusses various conditions that can cause GI impairment including short bowel syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and Crohn's disease. It reviews the available research on different formula types for these conditions, including elemental, semi-elemental, and polymeric formulas. Guidelines are provided on selecting the appropriate formula based on a patient's age, diagnosis and degree of GI impairment. Breast milk, hydrolyzed formulas, and elemental formulas are also discussed as options for infants and children with severe GI issues.
1) A study examined the effects of a low-FODMAP diet versus a high-FODMAP diet on gastrointestinal symptoms and gas production in 15 IBS patients and 15 healthy individuals.
2) On the high-FODMAP diet, IBS patients experienced significantly worse abdominal pain, bloating, and other GI symptoms compared to the low-FODMAP diet. Gas production also increased.
3) For healthy individuals, only gas production and mild bloating increased on the high-FODMAP diet, with no change in other symptoms.
4) The results suggest that FODMAPs are a trigger for GI symptoms in IBS patients and that a low-FODMAP diet
This document discusses the role of enteral nutrition therapy in treating pediatric Crohn's disease. It provides a history of enteral therapy and reviews studies showing its effectiveness in inducing remission and improving growth. Enteral therapy is recommended as a first-line induction treatment in other countries but not widely used in the US due to concerns about side effects, compliance and lack of experience. The document outlines the pros and cons of enteral therapy and compares it favorably to steroid treatment, noting its ability to induce remission, improve mucosal healing and linear growth with fewer adverse effects. Unanswered questions remain around optimal protocols and long-term outcomes compared to other medical therapies.
This document summarizes research on the use of whole grains and low glycemic index diets in managing type-2 diabetes. It discusses several studies that found consuming whole grains was associated with reduced risk of developing pre-diabetes and type-2 diabetes. However, one study using rats found whole grain consumption had no significant benefits on blood glucose control or insulin resistance. The document also reviews studies that found low glycemic index diets resulted in lower post-meal blood glucose levels compared to high glycemic index diets, especially for people with diabetes. Overall, the research presented suggests whole grains and low glycemic foods may help manage type-2 diabetes but the evidence is mixed.
this presentation is on the relationship and effect of nutrition on general and oral health
management of few cases and pictures of the same are also included
Nutritional assessment in chronic liver diseaseShaimaa Elkholy
Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is highly prevalent among patients with chronic liver disease. One of the problems is how to assess these patients nutritionally. yet no standard golden rule for their nutritional assessment.
Efficacy of Probiotics on Alleviating IBS SymptomsSloane Kaye
Probiotics have shown promise in alleviating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) based on several clinical studies. However, the results have been mixed, possibly due to differences in probiotic strains used and limitations such as small sample sizes and short study durations. Overall, multiple studies found improvements in IBS symptoms like abdominal pain and changes in bowel movements when taking probiotics, but larger and longer trials are still needed to confirm their effectiveness for treating IBS. Future research should aim to standardize study methods and closely monitor subjects to better determine the potential benefits of probiotics.
This study examined differences in plasma, urine, and adipose tissue biomarkers between individuals classified into different diet groups (vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, non-vegetarian) based on their meat, dairy, and egg consumption patterns in the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort. The study found that vegans had higher concentrations of total carotenoids in plasma and higher excretion of urinary isoflavones and enterolactone compared to non-vegetarians. Vegans also had lower levels of saturated fatty acids and higher levels of linoleic acid and omega-3 fatty acids. Similar but less robust differences were seen
This pilot study assessed differences in body composition and response to a high protein liquid diet in obese adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). 28 subjects were recruited, 19 obese without T2D and 9 obese with T2D. At baseline, the obese without T2D group had higher average body weight, fat percentage, and total fat mass than the obese with T2D group, though differences were not statistically significant due to small sample sizes. Following a 2-week high protein liquid diet, both groups saw reductions in fat mass, with average reductions of 1.4% for those without T2D and 1.2% for those with T2D. However, high dropout rates and noncompliance with
Ueda 2016 bariatric surgery -fawzy el mosalamyueda2015
This document summarizes options for bariatric surgery, trends in procedures over time, and latest innovations. It discusses various procedures like gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, adjustable gastric banding, and duodenal switch. Key points covered include the mechanisms and outcomes of different procedures, controversies around aspects like limb length and hernia risk, and benefits of the laparoscopic approach like reduced pain and faster recovery. Bariatric surgery is shown to effectively induce significant and long-lasting weight loss as well as resolution of comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension. Procedures that involve both restriction and malabsorption like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion achieve the highest levels of
Frequency of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder in obese females and t...Alexander Decker
This study examined the prevalence of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) among obese females in Iraq and compared individual characteristics between obese females with and without eating disorders. The study found that 21% of 190 obese females met criteria for BN or BED, with 16.84% having BED and 4.23% having BN. Obese females with eating disorders tended to be younger, live in cities, be married, and have higher education levels compared to obese females without eating disorders. They also reported greater body shape stress, history of diabetes, preferring fatty/mixed meals, and regular meal/snack consumption. The study aimed to better understand the relationship between obesity and eating disorders
The term “inflammatory bowel disease” (IBD) refers to a collection of gastrointestinal tract illnesses marked by both acute and chronic inflammation. These are complicated, multiple illnesses that are partially inherited. IBD is becoming more common in developing nations, though, which shows that environmental variables like food are potentially important contributors to disease risk. According to the evidence, eating a Western diet high in saturated fat, processed carbs, and food additives increases the risk of IBD. While dietary components like omega-3 fatty acids, medium chain triglycerides, and non-digestible carbohydrates improve these parameters and intestinal health, dietary components like omega-6 fatty acids, long chain fatty acids, protein, and digestible carbohydrates may contribute to IBD pathogenesis by altering intestinal microbiota, increasing intestinal permeability, and promoting inflammation.
The document discusses nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. It begins with important terms related to omics fields like genomics, nutrigenomics, and epigenetics. It then provides a basic understanding of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics, including how genetic diversity and environmental factors affect nutrient metabolism and health outcomes. The goals of nutrigenomics are discussed, including customizing nutrition based on an individual's genetics. Experimental approaches like genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics are used to study these fields. Examples are provided on how nutrigenomics has clarified roles of specific dietary factors and potential applications in disease prevention.
The document discusses the role of the gastrointestinal tract in nutrient digestion and absorption. It provides an overview of the basic anatomy and functions of the GI tract. It also discusses several gastrointestinal diseases and disorders, including their causes and relationship to nutrition. For example, it describes how an improper diet can lead to diseases like dental caries, peptic ulcers, and inflammatory bowel disease. The role of specific foods and nutrients in conditions like GERD and IBD is also examined.
Functional Digestive Disorders and the Role of Diet by Giovanni BarbaraKiwifruit Symposium
Prof. Giovanni Barbara, Professor of Medicine and Gastroenterology at the University of Bologna, Italy: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/functional-gastrointestinal-disorders-and-the-role-of-diet/
Roughly 30% of the population is affected by at least one of the several functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) with functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic constipation (CC) being the most common.
This chapter discusses nutrition intervention and diet-drug interactions. It covers implementing nutrition care plans, dietary modifications like modified diets and nothing by mouth orders. It also discusses foodservice, improving food intake in hospitals, and potential interactions between drugs and nutrients. The chapter concludes by examining complementary and alternative medical therapies and potential issues with herbal remedies and dietary supplements.
Effect of the_glycemic_index_of_the_diet_on_weight (2)AmineYahyaoui2
This randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of 3 iso-caloric energy-restricted diets with different glycemic indexes (GIs) on weight loss, satiety, inflammation, and metabolic risk factors in 122 overweight and obese adults over 6 months. The diets included: 1) a moderate-carbohydrate, low-GI diet (LGI); 2) a moderate-carbohydrate, high-GI diet (HGI); and 3) a low-fat, high-GI diet (LF). The results showed greater reductions in body mass index in the LGI group compared to the LF group. Fasting insulin, insulin resistance, and beta cell function also decreased more in the LGI group than the
As a newly emphasized modality to treat infectious complications and also to folloew non-antibiotic regimens against infection, Probiotics has recieved more and more attention now a days.
Κολοβέρου E, Παναγιωτάκος Δ. Η Μεσογειακή δίαιτα στην πρωτογενή πρόληψη του ...MedicalWeb.gr
Κολοβέρου E, Παναγιωτάκος Δ.
Η Μεσογειακή δίαιτα στην πρωτογενή πρόληψη του ΣΚ τύπου 2: Υπεύθυνοι παθοφυσιολογικοί μηχανισμοί. Ελληνική Επιθεώρηση Αθηροσκλήρωσης 2014 5(3):200–206
1. Nutritional Support In The Surgical PatientMD Specialclass
The document discusses nutritional support in surgical patients. It covers 5 key issues: indications for nutritional support, determining nutritional status, the effectiveness of support for well-nourished vs malnourished patients, the route of nutrition (enteral vs parenteral), and appropriate composition of diets. Severely malnourished patients, those with short bowel syndrome, and those not expected to feed for 7+ days are good candidates. Markers like weight loss, transport proteins, and nutritional indices help determine status. Enteral nutrition is preferred but parenteral may be needed in some cases.
The document discusses nutrition assessment for health care. It describes how illness can impact nutrition status by reducing food intake, interfering with digestion and altering metabolism. A comprehensive nutrition assessment involves collecting medical history, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, biochemical data and a physical exam. This information is used to identify nutritional problems and inform the nutrition care plan.
The document discusses nutrition support and the conditions that require specialized nutrition through enteral or parenteral means. It covers the indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of enteral nutrition support through various tube feeding routes and administration methods. The roles and responsibilities of nutrition support dietitians in implementing individualized nutrition care plans are also outlined.
This document summarizes a presentation on enteral nutrition for pediatric patients with gastrointestinal impairment. It discusses various conditions that can cause GI impairment including short bowel syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and Crohn's disease. It reviews the available research on different formula types for these conditions, including elemental, semi-elemental, and polymeric formulas. Guidelines are provided on selecting the appropriate formula based on a patient's age, diagnosis and degree of GI impairment. Breast milk, hydrolyzed formulas, and elemental formulas are also discussed as options for infants and children with severe GI issues.
1) A study examined the effects of a low-FODMAP diet versus a high-FODMAP diet on gastrointestinal symptoms and gas production in 15 IBS patients and 15 healthy individuals.
2) On the high-FODMAP diet, IBS patients experienced significantly worse abdominal pain, bloating, and other GI symptoms compared to the low-FODMAP diet. Gas production also increased.
3) For healthy individuals, only gas production and mild bloating increased on the high-FODMAP diet, with no change in other symptoms.
4) The results suggest that FODMAPs are a trigger for GI symptoms in IBS patients and that a low-FODMAP diet
This document discusses the role of enteral nutrition therapy in treating pediatric Crohn's disease. It provides a history of enteral therapy and reviews studies showing its effectiveness in inducing remission and improving growth. Enteral therapy is recommended as a first-line induction treatment in other countries but not widely used in the US due to concerns about side effects, compliance and lack of experience. The document outlines the pros and cons of enteral therapy and compares it favorably to steroid treatment, noting its ability to induce remission, improve mucosal healing and linear growth with fewer adverse effects. Unanswered questions remain around optimal protocols and long-term outcomes compared to other medical therapies.
This document summarizes research on the use of whole grains and low glycemic index diets in managing type-2 diabetes. It discusses several studies that found consuming whole grains was associated with reduced risk of developing pre-diabetes and type-2 diabetes. However, one study using rats found whole grain consumption had no significant benefits on blood glucose control or insulin resistance. The document also reviews studies that found low glycemic index diets resulted in lower post-meal blood glucose levels compared to high glycemic index diets, especially for people with diabetes. Overall, the research presented suggests whole grains and low glycemic foods may help manage type-2 diabetes but the evidence is mixed.
this presentation is on the relationship and effect of nutrition on general and oral health
management of few cases and pictures of the same are also included
Nutritional assessment in chronic liver diseaseShaimaa Elkholy
Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is highly prevalent among patients with chronic liver disease. One of the problems is how to assess these patients nutritionally. yet no standard golden rule for their nutritional assessment.
Efficacy of Probiotics on Alleviating IBS SymptomsSloane Kaye
Probiotics have shown promise in alleviating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) based on several clinical studies. However, the results have been mixed, possibly due to differences in probiotic strains used and limitations such as small sample sizes and short study durations. Overall, multiple studies found improvements in IBS symptoms like abdominal pain and changes in bowel movements when taking probiotics, but larger and longer trials are still needed to confirm their effectiveness for treating IBS. Future research should aim to standardize study methods and closely monitor subjects to better determine the potential benefits of probiotics.
This study examined differences in plasma, urine, and adipose tissue biomarkers between individuals classified into different diet groups (vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, non-vegetarian) based on their meat, dairy, and egg consumption patterns in the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort. The study found that vegans had higher concentrations of total carotenoids in plasma and higher excretion of urinary isoflavones and enterolactone compared to non-vegetarians. Vegans also had lower levels of saturated fatty acids and higher levels of linoleic acid and omega-3 fatty acids. Similar but less robust differences were seen
This pilot study assessed differences in body composition and response to a high protein liquid diet in obese adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). 28 subjects were recruited, 19 obese without T2D and 9 obese with T2D. At baseline, the obese without T2D group had higher average body weight, fat percentage, and total fat mass than the obese with T2D group, though differences were not statistically significant due to small sample sizes. Following a 2-week high protein liquid diet, both groups saw reductions in fat mass, with average reductions of 1.4% for those without T2D and 1.2% for those with T2D. However, high dropout rates and noncompliance with
Ueda 2016 bariatric surgery -fawzy el mosalamyueda2015
This document summarizes options for bariatric surgery, trends in procedures over time, and latest innovations. It discusses various procedures like gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, adjustable gastric banding, and duodenal switch. Key points covered include the mechanisms and outcomes of different procedures, controversies around aspects like limb length and hernia risk, and benefits of the laparoscopic approach like reduced pain and faster recovery. Bariatric surgery is shown to effectively induce significant and long-lasting weight loss as well as resolution of comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension. Procedures that involve both restriction and malabsorption like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion achieve the highest levels of
Frequency of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder in obese females and t...Alexander Decker
This study examined the prevalence of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) among obese females in Iraq and compared individual characteristics between obese females with and without eating disorders. The study found that 21% of 190 obese females met criteria for BN or BED, with 16.84% having BED and 4.23% having BN. Obese females with eating disorders tended to be younger, live in cities, be married, and have higher education levels compared to obese females without eating disorders. They also reported greater body shape stress, history of diabetes, preferring fatty/mixed meals, and regular meal/snack consumption. The study aimed to better understand the relationship between obesity and eating disorders
The term “inflammatory bowel disease” (IBD) refers to a collection of gastrointestinal tract illnesses marked by both acute and chronic inflammation. These are complicated, multiple illnesses that are partially inherited. IBD is becoming more common in developing nations, though, which shows that environmental variables like food are potentially important contributors to disease risk. According to the evidence, eating a Western diet high in saturated fat, processed carbs, and food additives increases the risk of IBD. While dietary components like omega-3 fatty acids, medium chain triglycerides, and non-digestible carbohydrates improve these parameters and intestinal health, dietary components like omega-6 fatty acids, long chain fatty acids, protein, and digestible carbohydrates may contribute to IBD pathogenesis by altering intestinal microbiota, increasing intestinal permeability, and promoting inflammation.
The document discusses nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. It begins with important terms related to omics fields like genomics, nutrigenomics, and epigenetics. It then provides a basic understanding of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics, including how genetic diversity and environmental factors affect nutrient metabolism and health outcomes. The goals of nutrigenomics are discussed, including customizing nutrition based on an individual's genetics. Experimental approaches like genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics are used to study these fields. Examples are provided on how nutrigenomics has clarified roles of specific dietary factors and potential applications in disease prevention.
The document discusses the role of the gastrointestinal tract in nutrient digestion and absorption. It provides an overview of the basic anatomy and functions of the GI tract. It also discusses several gastrointestinal diseases and disorders, including their causes and relationship to nutrition. For example, it describes how an improper diet can lead to diseases like dental caries, peptic ulcers, and inflammatory bowel disease. The role of specific foods and nutrients in conditions like GERD and IBD is also examined.
This document summarizes a presentation on the relationship between binge eating disorder (BED) and the development of metabolic syndrome (METs). The presentation reviewed 5 studies that found: (1) Approximately 9% of the general population suffers from BED; (2) 93% of those with BED had metabolic syndrome parameters in investigations of BED patients; (3) BED is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The presentation concluded that people with binge eating disorder are at higher risk of metabolic syndrome and its complications, and that further research is needed to better understand this relationship.
This document provides a narrative review of understanding the development of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients. It discusses malnutrition as having origins from both iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic factors. Iatrogenic factors refer to those resulting inadvertently from dialysis treatment itself, such as nutrient losses during dialysis and use of certain dialysis membranes and techniques. Non-iatrogenic factors include inadequate dietary intake due to poor appetite, diet quality issues, and psychosocial or financial barriers. Understanding the origin of factors contributing to malnutrition in dialysis patients is important for personalized patient care and determining treatment strategies.
Renée Wilson, Registered Dietitian and PhD Candidate at University of Otago, New Zealand. Presented at the 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/diet-microbiota-and-metabolic-health/
This cross-sectional pilot study aims to determine whether or not there are any differences between the gut microbiota of people with normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Gut Microbiota: The Missing Link in Obesity Induced Nonalcoholic Liver DiseaseIOSRJPBS
Background and objective: Recent research has elucidated a close association between intestinal microbiota, obesity, insulin resistance and nonalcoholic hepatic injury. Various studies have also indicated an increase in hepatic marker enzymes in obesity. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the association of gut microbiota with obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic marker enzymes. Material and Method: This case-control study was conducted during March 2015 to October 2016 At S.C.B Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha. The study included 186 subjects (86 irritable bowel syndrome patients as per the Rome III criteria and hundred matched controls). Plasma fasting glucose, serum lipid profile, hepatic marker enzymes were analysed by commercial kits adapted to automated clinical chemistry analyser and serum fasting insulin was estimated by kits adapted to Lisa Scan. Observation: Compared to controls the Irritable bowel syndrome patients had significantly higher Body mass index (20.9± 5.6 vs 30.1±0.22), Waist-hip ratio (0.9 ± 0.11 vs 1.02 ± 0.06), lipid profile, hepatic marker enzymes and insulin resistance. Conclusion: IBS patients were obese, and exhibited dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, elevated hepatic enzymes suggesting development of NAFLD.
This document discusses the role of gut microbiota and dysbiosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It notes that dysbiosis, or an imbalance in gut bacteria, can lead to increased production of short-chain fatty acids which promote hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Dysbiosis also increases intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation, activating toll-like receptors and causing inflammation in the liver through cytokines and chemokines. Other effects include decreased levels of the fasting-induced adipose factor, increased lipoprotein lipase activity, and impaired choline and bile acid metabolism. Modulating the gut microbiota through prebiotics, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation may be a potential
This document summarizes a presentation on autism and special diets. It discusses the potential ways diet could help individuals with autism, including directly impacting neurotransmitters and brain structure, and indirectly by reducing pain/discomfort. It reviews evidence on gastrointestinal issues in autism and the need for increased celiac screening. It also summarizes recent studies on gluten-free/milk-free diets, probiotics, fish oils, vitamins/minerals, and enzymes, with some finding benefits but inconclusive results overall.
1) The document provides clinical guidelines for diagnosing and treating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).
2) It defines SIBO as an excessive amount of bacteria in the small intestine causing gastrointestinal symptoms. A small intestine culture showing >103 CFU/mL or a positive breath test are used to diagnose SIBO.
3) The guidelines recommend breath testing using glucose or lactulose as a conditional recommendation for diagnosing SIBO in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, motility disorders, or previous abdominal surgery who have symptoms like abdominal pain or bloating.
This document discusses the benefits of probiotics beyond just treating diarrhea. Probiotics have been shown to help with infectious diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. Recent research also indicates probiotics may help prevent bacterial translocation, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, H. pylori infection, and depression or anxiety by modulating the gut microbiome and immune system.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits in the absence of any organic cause. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is associated with IBS, with the frequency of SIBO among IBS patients ranging from 4-78%. Treatment of SIBO in IBS patients using antibiotics like rifaximin and probiotics has been shown to significantly improve IBS symptoms. A clinical study evaluated the efficacy of rifaximin alone or in combination with the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum W11 in reducing IBS symptoms.
Mal absorption syndrome is a group of disorders marked by
Indigestion
Excessive nutrients loss in stools
Abnormal absorption of dietary constituents
It is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal tract.
Impairment can be of single or multiple nutrients depending on the abnormality. This may lead to malnutrition and a variety of anemia.
Malabsorption constitutes the pathological interference with the normal physiological sequence of body.
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 7-21% of the general population and is the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal condition. It is defined by abdominal pain or discomfort with altered bowel habits in the absence of underlying disease.
- Factors that contribute to IBS include alterations in the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability, immune function, motility, sensation, brain-gut interactions, and psychosocial status. Dietary triggers and a history of infection or antibiotics can also play a role.
- IBS substantially reduces quality of life and productivity. While some patients improve over time, it is generally a chronic relapsing condition. Diagnosis involves symptom evaluation and exclusion of other diseases through selected testing. Management
Dysbiosis & Probiotics Gyn Final (1) [Autosaved].pptxVidushRatan1
1. The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem composed of trillions of bacteria that play an important role in human health and disease. Antibiotics can disrupt the balance of gut bacteria and cause dysbiosis.
2. Probiotics have shown promise in treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea by replenishing healthy gut bacteria. They work by competing with pathogens for space and nutrients, stimulating the immune system, and producing acids that lower gut pH.
3. Not all probiotic strains are alike - their effects are highly strain-specific. Studies showing benefits of one strain cannot be generalized to other untested strains without further research.
The document summarizes key information about functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs):
- FGIDs affect 40% of patients seen in GI settings and are a leading cause of emergency referrals. They are defined by symptoms in the absence of structural abnormalities and involve motility, sensitivity, immune, and central nervous system abnormalities.
- Food can trigger FGID symptoms in many patients. Dietary triggers may involve immune activation, direct effects of food chemicals, or carbohydrate malabsorption. Low FODMAP and gluten-free diets can provide relief.
- A multidisciplinary approach including a gastroenterologist, psychologist, dietician, and others results in significantly reduced anxiety and depression in FGID patients
This document discusses small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). It provides background on SIBO, including definitions, prevalence, clinical presentation, and diagnostic testing methods. The main diagnostic tests discussed are breath testing, antibiotic treatment trials, and small bowel aspiration/culture. Treatment options outlined include antibiotic therapy, prokinetic agents, probiotics, and nutritional support. Management of SIBO aims to address underlying causes, eradicate bacterial overgrowth, and provide nutritional support.
Styles of Scientific Reasoning, Scientific Practices and Argument in Science ...Elsa von Licy
The document discusses various topics related to scientific reasoning, practices, and argumentation including different styles of scientific thinking, features of scientific knowledge, and teaching and learning science. It provides examples of "crazy ideas" in science that are now accepted, examines the role of argument in science, and outlines the scientific practices and central questions of science. It also discusses developing models, planning investigations, analyzing data, and constructing explanations as key scientific practices.
Anti-philosophy rejects traditional philosophy and logic, instead embracing creativity, spirituality, and personality. It considers philosophy to be dead, kept alive artificially by analytic philosophers. The document criticizes how philosophy is currently taught and argues it has become unproductive, replacing original aims with nonsense. Anti-philosophy's goal is not to destroy philosophy but to transform its current state and avoid fundamentalism in philosophy and science.
There is no_such_thing_as_a_social_science_introElsa von Licy
This document provides an introduction and overview of the arguments made in the book "There is No Such Thing as Social Science". It begins by stating the provocative title and questioning whether the authors will take it back or qualify their position.
It then outlines three ways the term "social science" could be used - referring to a scientific spirit of inquiry, a shared scientific method, or reducibility to natural sciences. The authors argue against the latter two, methodological and substantive reductionism.
The introduction discusses how opponents may accuse the authors of being a priori or anti-reductionist, but argues that those defending social science are actually being dogmatic by insisting it must follow a scientific model. It frames the debate as being
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
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