The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
December 2021: Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
March 2022 - Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
January 2021 - Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security & Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
March 2021: Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
October 2020 - Top Read Articles in Network Security & Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Most Downloaded article for an year in academia - International Journal of Ne...IJNSA Journal
This document summarizes a research article titled "SECURITY & PRIVACY THREATS, ATTACKS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN INTERNET OF THINGS". The article analyzes various security and privacy threats related to the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses some common attacks on different layers of the IoT and existing as well as proposed countermeasures. The article references 31 other sources and provides an abstract and keywords for the summarized research paper.
Most cited articles in academia - International journal of network security &...IJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
July 2021 - Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security & Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
December 2021: Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
March 2022 - Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
January 2021 - Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security & Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
March 2021: Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
October 2020 - Top Read Articles in Network Security & Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Most Downloaded article for an year in academia - International Journal of Ne...IJNSA Journal
This document summarizes a research article titled "SECURITY & PRIVACY THREATS, ATTACKS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN INTERNET OF THINGS". The article analyzes various security and privacy threats related to the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses some common attacks on different layers of the IoT and existing as well as proposed countermeasures. The article references 31 other sources and provides an abstract and keywords for the summarized research paper.
Most cited articles in academia - International journal of network security &...IJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
July 2021 - Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security & Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
September 2021: Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
October 2021: Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
June 2021 - Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
May 2021: Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Top cited Network Security Articles- Part 1IJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Top 2 Cited Papers in 2017 - International Journal of Network Security & Its ...IJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Novel authentication framework for securing communication in internet-of-things IJECEIAES
Internet-of-Things (IoT) offers a big boon towards a massive network of connected devices and is considered to offer coverage to an exponential number of the smart appliance in the very near future. Owing to the nascent stage of evolution of IoT, it is shrouded by security loopholes because of various reasons. Review of existing research-based solution highlights the usage of conventional cryptographic-based solution over the traditional mechanism of data forwarding process between IoT nodes and gateway. The proposed system presents a novel solution to this problem by a model that is capable of performing a highly secured and cost-effective authentication process. The proposed system introduces Authentication Using Signature (AUS) as well as Security with Complexity Reduction (SCR) for the purpose to resist participation of any form of unknown threats. The outcome of the model shows better security strength with faster response time and energy saving of the IoT nodes.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
Cloud computing has sweeping impact on the human productivity. Today it’s used for Computing, Storage, Predictions and Intelligent Decision Making, among others. Intelligent Decision-Making using Machine Learning has pushed for the Cloud Services to be even more fast, robust and accurate. Security remains one of the major concerns which affect the cloud computing growth however there exist various research challenges in cloud computing adoption such as lack of well managed service level agreement (SLA), frequent disconnections, resource scarcity, interoperability, privacy, and reliability. Tremendous amount of work still needs to be done to explore the security challenges arising due to widespread usage of cloud deployment using Containers. We also discuss Impact of Cloud Computing and Cloud Standards. Hence in this research paper, a detailed survey of cloud computing, concepts, architectural principles, key services, and implementation, design and deployment challenges of cloud computing are discussed in detail and important future research directions in the era of Machine Learning and Data Science have been identified.
This document provides an overview of using data science techniques for analyzing Internet of Things (IoT) network traffic, using a smart home network as an example. It first discusses IoT systems, including components, communication protocols, and challenges. It then discusses how machine learning approaches like pattern detection, feature selection, and classification can be used to analyze IoT network traffic and behaviors. Specifically, it presents how these techniques could be applied in R and RStudio to a practical smart home network case study to better understand device interactions and identify anomalies.
SECURITY& PRIVACY THREATS, ATTACKS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN INTERNET OF THINGSIJNSA Journal
The idea to connect everything to anything and at any point of time is what vaguely defines the concept of
the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is not only about providing connectivity but also facilitating
interaction among these connected things. Though the term IoT was introduced in 1999 but has drawn
significant attention during the past few years, the pace at which new devices are being integrated into the
system will profoundly impact the world in a good way but also poses some severe queries about security
and privacy. IoT in its current form is susceptible to a multitudinous set of attacks. One of the most
significant concerns of IoT is to provide security assurance for the data exchange because data is
vulnerable to some attacks by the attackers at each layer of IoT. The IoT has a layered structure where
each layer provides a service. The security needs vary from layer to layer as each layer serves a different
purpose. This paper aims to analyze the various security and privacy threats related to IoT. Some attacks
have been discussed along with some existing and proposed countermeasures.
THE INTERNET OF THINGS: NEW INTEROPERABILITY, MANAGEMENT AND SECURITY CHALLENGESIJNSA Journal
The Internet of Things (IoT) brings connectivity to about every objects found in the physical space. It extends connectivity to everyday objects. From connected fridges, cars and cities, the IoT creates opportunities in numerous domains. However, this increase in connectivity creates many prominent challenges. This paper provides a survey of some of the major issues challenging the widespread adoption of the IoT. Particularly, it focuses on the interoperability, management, security and privacy issues in the IoT. It is concluded that there is a need to develop a multifaceted technology approach to IoT security,
management, and privacy.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
THE INTERNET OF THINGS: NEW INTEROPERABILITY, MANAGEMENT AND SECURITY CHALLENGESIJNSA Journal
The Internet of Things (IoT) brings connectivity to about every objects found in the physical space. It
extends connectivity to everyday objects. From connected fridges, cars and cities, the IoT creates
opportunities in numerous domains. However, this increase in connectivity creates many prominent
challenges. This paper provides a survey of some of the major issues challenging the widespread adoption
of the IoT. Particularly, it focuses on the interoperability, management, security and privacy issues in the
IoT. It is concluded that there is a need to develop a multifaceted technology approach to IoT security,
management, and privacy.
IRJET -Securing Data in Distributed System using Blockchain and AIIRJET Journal
This document discusses securing data in distributed systems using blockchain and artificial intelligence. It first provides background on increasing data storage needs and security issues as data is shared over networks. It then reviews past research on using blockchain and AI to provide data security. Several studies introduced blockchain-based approaches to improve security in areas like IoT data, public key infrastructure, video surveillance, and decentralized storage. However, most lacked extensive testing or formal verification. The document concludes that combining blockchain for its tamper-proof properties with access control mechanisms could effectively secure sensitive health record data by restricting unauthorized leakage.
1) The document discusses security issues in computer networks and proposes contemporary solutions. It covers topics like cryptography, secure data access, intrusion detection, and secure routing.
2) The literature review discusses previous research on wireless sensor network security including common attacks, requirements, and defenses. It also examines security issues that arise from the unique characteristics of wireless networks.
3) The document proposes that more research is still needed on topics like quantifying security costs and benefits, data integrity, survivability, and security for data-centric wireless sensor networks. A holistic security model is needed that integrates solutions at each network layer.
WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY DEVICES SECURITY AND PRIVACY VULNERABILITY ANALYSISIJNSA Journal
Wearable Technology also called wearable gadget, is acategory of technology devices with low processing
capabilities that can be worn by a user with the aim to provide information and ease of access to the master
devices its pairing with. Such examples are Google Glass and Smart watch. The impact of wearable
technology becomes significant when people start their invention in wearable computing, where their
mobile devices become one of the computation sources. However, wearable technology is not mature yet in
term of device security and privacy acceptance of the public. There exists some security weakness that
prompts such wearable devices vulnerable to attack. One of the critical attack on wearable technology is
authentication issue. The low processing due to less computing power of wearable device causethe
developer's inability to equip some complicated security mechanisms and algorithm on the device.In this
study, an overview of security and privacy vulnerabilities on wearable devices is presented.
Understanding Architecture of Internet of ThingsIJSRED
The document discusses the architecture of the Internet of Things (IoT). It begins by introducing IoT and its key components. It then discusses three traditional IoT architectures: (1) a three-layer architecture consisting of a perception, network and application layer; (2) the TCP/IP four-layer model; and (3) the Telecommunications Management Network's five-layer logical layered architecture. The document proposes a new five-layer IoT architecture combining aspects of these models. The five layers are the business, application, processing, transport and perception layers. The perception layer collects data via sensors while the business layer manages the overall enterprise.
Io t security_review_blockchain_solutionsShyam Goyal
This document reviews security issues related to the Internet of Things (IoT) and potential blockchain solutions. It presents a survey of emerging topics in IoT security and blockchain technology. The document maps major IoT security issues to possible solutions and reviews how blockchain could help address challenging security problems in IoT. It also identifies open challenges for IoT security.
A Comprehensive Survey on Exiting Solution Approaches towards Security and Pr...IJECEIAES
‘Internet of Things (IoT)’emerged as an intelligent collaborative computation and communication between a set of objects capable of providing on-demand services to other objects anytime anywhere. A large-scale deployment of data-driven cloud applications as well as automated physical things such as embed electronics, software, sensors and network connectivity enables a joint ubiquitous and pervasive internet-based computing systems well capable of interacting with each other in an IoT. IoT, a well-known term and a growing trend in IT arena certainly bring a highly connected global network structure providing a lot of beneficial aspects to a user regarding business productivity, lifestyle improvement, government efficiency, etc. It also generates enormous heterogeneous and homogeneous data needed to be analyzed properly to get insight into valuable information. However, adoption of this new reality (i.e., IoT) by integrating it with the internet invites a certain challenges from security and privacy perspective. At present, a much effort has been put towards strengthening the security system in IoT still not yet found optimal solutions towards current security flaws. Therefore, the prime aim of this study is to investigate the qualitative aspects of the conventional security solution approaches in IoT. It also extracts some open research problems that could affect the future research track of IoT arena.
September 2021: Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
October 2021: Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
June 2021 - Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
May 2021: Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security and Its ApplicationsIJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Top cited Network Security Articles- Part 1IJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Top 2 Cited Papers in 2017 - International Journal of Network Security & Its ...IJNSA Journal
The International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Novel authentication framework for securing communication in internet-of-things IJECEIAES
Internet-of-Things (IoT) offers a big boon towards a massive network of connected devices and is considered to offer coverage to an exponential number of the smart appliance in the very near future. Owing to the nascent stage of evolution of IoT, it is shrouded by security loopholes because of various reasons. Review of existing research-based solution highlights the usage of conventional cryptographic-based solution over the traditional mechanism of data forwarding process between IoT nodes and gateway. The proposed system presents a novel solution to this problem by a model that is capable of performing a highly secured and cost-effective authentication process. The proposed system introduces Authentication Using Signature (AUS) as well as Security with Complexity Reduction (SCR) for the purpose to resist participation of any form of unknown threats. The outcome of the model shows better security strength with faster response time and energy saving of the IoT nodes.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
Cloud computing has sweeping impact on the human productivity. Today it’s used for Computing, Storage, Predictions and Intelligent Decision Making, among others. Intelligent Decision-Making using Machine Learning has pushed for the Cloud Services to be even more fast, robust and accurate. Security remains one of the major concerns which affect the cloud computing growth however there exist various research challenges in cloud computing adoption such as lack of well managed service level agreement (SLA), frequent disconnections, resource scarcity, interoperability, privacy, and reliability. Tremendous amount of work still needs to be done to explore the security challenges arising due to widespread usage of cloud deployment using Containers. We also discuss Impact of Cloud Computing and Cloud Standards. Hence in this research paper, a detailed survey of cloud computing, concepts, architectural principles, key services, and implementation, design and deployment challenges of cloud computing are discussed in detail and important future research directions in the era of Machine Learning and Data Science have been identified.
This document provides an overview of using data science techniques for analyzing Internet of Things (IoT) network traffic, using a smart home network as an example. It first discusses IoT systems, including components, communication protocols, and challenges. It then discusses how machine learning approaches like pattern detection, feature selection, and classification can be used to analyze IoT network traffic and behaviors. Specifically, it presents how these techniques could be applied in R and RStudio to a practical smart home network case study to better understand device interactions and identify anomalies.
SECURITY& PRIVACY THREATS, ATTACKS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN INTERNET OF THINGSIJNSA Journal
The idea to connect everything to anything and at any point of time is what vaguely defines the concept of
the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is not only about providing connectivity but also facilitating
interaction among these connected things. Though the term IoT was introduced in 1999 but has drawn
significant attention during the past few years, the pace at which new devices are being integrated into the
system will profoundly impact the world in a good way but also poses some severe queries about security
and privacy. IoT in its current form is susceptible to a multitudinous set of attacks. One of the most
significant concerns of IoT is to provide security assurance for the data exchange because data is
vulnerable to some attacks by the attackers at each layer of IoT. The IoT has a layered structure where
each layer provides a service. The security needs vary from layer to layer as each layer serves a different
purpose. This paper aims to analyze the various security and privacy threats related to IoT. Some attacks
have been discussed along with some existing and proposed countermeasures.
THE INTERNET OF THINGS: NEW INTEROPERABILITY, MANAGEMENT AND SECURITY CHALLENGESIJNSA Journal
The Internet of Things (IoT) brings connectivity to about every objects found in the physical space. It extends connectivity to everyday objects. From connected fridges, cars and cities, the IoT creates opportunities in numerous domains. However, this increase in connectivity creates many prominent challenges. This paper provides a survey of some of the major issues challenging the widespread adoption of the IoT. Particularly, it focuses on the interoperability, management, security and privacy issues in the IoT. It is concluded that there is a need to develop a multifaceted technology approach to IoT security,
management, and privacy.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
THE INTERNET OF THINGS: NEW INTEROPERABILITY, MANAGEMENT AND SECURITY CHALLENGESIJNSA Journal
The Internet of Things (IoT) brings connectivity to about every objects found in the physical space. It
extends connectivity to everyday objects. From connected fridges, cars and cities, the IoT creates
opportunities in numerous domains. However, this increase in connectivity creates many prominent
challenges. This paper provides a survey of some of the major issues challenging the widespread adoption
of the IoT. Particularly, it focuses on the interoperability, management, security and privacy issues in the
IoT. It is concluded that there is a need to develop a multifaceted technology approach to IoT security,
management, and privacy.
IRJET -Securing Data in Distributed System using Blockchain and AIIRJET Journal
This document discusses securing data in distributed systems using blockchain and artificial intelligence. It first provides background on increasing data storage needs and security issues as data is shared over networks. It then reviews past research on using blockchain and AI to provide data security. Several studies introduced blockchain-based approaches to improve security in areas like IoT data, public key infrastructure, video surveillance, and decentralized storage. However, most lacked extensive testing or formal verification. The document concludes that combining blockchain for its tamper-proof properties with access control mechanisms could effectively secure sensitive health record data by restricting unauthorized leakage.
1) The document discusses security issues in computer networks and proposes contemporary solutions. It covers topics like cryptography, secure data access, intrusion detection, and secure routing.
2) The literature review discusses previous research on wireless sensor network security including common attacks, requirements, and defenses. It also examines security issues that arise from the unique characteristics of wireless networks.
3) The document proposes that more research is still needed on topics like quantifying security costs and benefits, data integrity, survivability, and security for data-centric wireless sensor networks. A holistic security model is needed that integrates solutions at each network layer.
WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY DEVICES SECURITY AND PRIVACY VULNERABILITY ANALYSISIJNSA Journal
Wearable Technology also called wearable gadget, is acategory of technology devices with low processing
capabilities that can be worn by a user with the aim to provide information and ease of access to the master
devices its pairing with. Such examples are Google Glass and Smart watch. The impact of wearable
technology becomes significant when people start their invention in wearable computing, where their
mobile devices become one of the computation sources. However, wearable technology is not mature yet in
term of device security and privacy acceptance of the public. There exists some security weakness that
prompts such wearable devices vulnerable to attack. One of the critical attack on wearable technology is
authentication issue. The low processing due to less computing power of wearable device causethe
developer's inability to equip some complicated security mechanisms and algorithm on the device.In this
study, an overview of security and privacy vulnerabilities on wearable devices is presented.
Understanding Architecture of Internet of ThingsIJSRED
The document discusses the architecture of the Internet of Things (IoT). It begins by introducing IoT and its key components. It then discusses three traditional IoT architectures: (1) a three-layer architecture consisting of a perception, network and application layer; (2) the TCP/IP four-layer model; and (3) the Telecommunications Management Network's five-layer logical layered architecture. The document proposes a new five-layer IoT architecture combining aspects of these models. The five layers are the business, application, processing, transport and perception layers. The perception layer collects data via sensors while the business layer manages the overall enterprise.
Io t security_review_blockchain_solutionsShyam Goyal
This document reviews security issues related to the Internet of Things (IoT) and potential blockchain solutions. It presents a survey of emerging topics in IoT security and blockchain technology. The document maps major IoT security issues to possible solutions and reviews how blockchain could help address challenging security problems in IoT. It also identifies open challenges for IoT security.
A Comprehensive Survey on Exiting Solution Approaches towards Security and Pr...IJECEIAES
‘Internet of Things (IoT)’emerged as an intelligent collaborative computation and communication between a set of objects capable of providing on-demand services to other objects anytime anywhere. A large-scale deployment of data-driven cloud applications as well as automated physical things such as embed electronics, software, sensors and network connectivity enables a joint ubiquitous and pervasive internet-based computing systems well capable of interacting with each other in an IoT. IoT, a well-known term and a growing trend in IT arena certainly bring a highly connected global network structure providing a lot of beneficial aspects to a user regarding business productivity, lifestyle improvement, government efficiency, etc. It also generates enormous heterogeneous and homogeneous data needed to be analyzed properly to get insight into valuable information. However, adoption of this new reality (i.e., IoT) by integrating it with the internet invites a certain challenges from security and privacy perspective. At present, a much effort has been put towards strengthening the security system in IoT still not yet found optimal solutions towards current security flaws. Therefore, the prime aim of this study is to investigate the qualitative aspects of the conventional security solution approaches in IoT. It also extracts some open research problems that could affect the future research track of IoT arena.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
November 2021 - Top 10 Read Articles in Network Security & Its Applications
1. November 2021: Top
10 Read Articles in
Network Security and
Its Applications
International Journal of Network
Security & Its Applications (IJNSA)
ERA, WJCI Indexed
ISSN: 0974 - 9330 (Online); 0975 - 2307 (Print)
http://airccse.org/journal/ijnsa.html
Citations, h-index, i10-index
Citations 7809 h-index 42 i10-index 166
2. SECURITY & PRIVACY THREATS, ATTACKS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN
INTERNET OF THINGS
Faheem Masoodi1
Shadab Alam2
and Shams Tabrez Siddiqui2
1
Department of Computer Science, University of Kashmir, J&k, India 2
Department of Computer
Science, Jazan University, KSA
ABSTRACT
The idea to connect everything to anything and at any point of time is what vaguely defines the
concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is not only about providing connectivity but also
facilitating interaction among these connected things. Though the term IoT was introduced in
1999 but has drawn significant attention during the past few years, the pace at which new
devices are being integrated into the system will profoundly impact the world in a good way but
also poses some severe queries about security and privacy. IoT in its current form is susceptible
to a multitudinous set of attacks. One of the most significant concerns of IoT is to provide
security assurance for the data exchange because data is vulnerable to some attacks by the
attackers at each layer of IoT. The IoT has a layered structure where each layer provides a
service. The security needs vary from layer to layer as each layer serves a different purpose. This
paper aims to analyze the various security and privacy threats related to IoT. Some attacks have
been discussed along with some existing and proposed countermeasures.
KEYWORDS
Internet of Things, privacy, attacks, security, threats, protocols.
For More Details : http://aircconline.com/ijnsa/V11N2/11219ijnsa05.pdf
Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/jnsa19_current.html
3. REFERENCES
[1] J. Gubbi, R. Buyya, S. Marusic, M. Palaniswami, Internet of things (IoT): a vision,
architectural elements, and future directions, Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 29 (7) (2013)
1645–1660.
[2] Roman, R., Najera, P., Lopez, J., 2011. Securing the internet of things. Computer 44 (9),
51_58.
[3] Horrow, S., and Anjali, S. (2012). Identity Management Framework for Cloud-Based
Internet of Things. SecurIT ’12 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Security
of Internet of Things, 200– 203. 2012
[4] Whitmore, A., Agarwal, A., and Da Xu, L. (2014). The Internet of Things: A survey of topics
and trends. Information Systems Frontiers, 17(2), 261– 274.
[5] Aazam, M., St-Hilaire, M., Lung, C.-H., and Lambadaris, I. (2016). PRE-Fog: IoT trace
based probabilistic resource estimation at Fog. 2016 13th IEEE Annual Consumer
Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), 12– 17.
[6] Jiang, H., Shen, F., Chen, S., Li, K. C., and Jeong, Y. S. (2015). A secure and scalable
storage system for aggregate data in IoT. Future Generation Computer Systems, 49, 133–
141.
[7] Li, S., Tryfonas, T., and Li, H. (2016). The Internet of Things: a security point of view.
Internet Research, 26(2), 337– 359.
[8] A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari, and M. Ayyash. Internet of things:
A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE Communications
Surveys Tutorials, 17(4):2347–2376, Fourth quarter 2015.
[9] Pongle, P., and Chavan, G. (2015). A survey: Attacks on RPL and 6LoWPAN in IoT. 2015
International Conference on Pervasive Computing: Advance Communication Technology
and Application for Society, ICPC 2015, 0(c), 0–5
[10] Tsai, C.-W., Lai, C.-F., and Vasilakos, A. V. (2014). Future Internet of Things: open
issues and challenges. Wireless Networks, 20(8), 2201–2217.
[11] V. Karagiannis, P. Chatzimisios, F. Vazquez-Gallego, and J. Alonso-Zarate, "A survey
on application layer protocols for the internet of things," Transaction on IoT and Cloud
Computing, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 11-17, 2015
[12] D. Locke, "MQ telemetry transport (MQTT) v3. 1 protocol specification," IBM
Developer WorksTechnicalLibrary,2010,
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/wsmqtt/index.html
[13] M. Singh, M. Rajan, V. Shivraj, and P. Balamuralidhar, "Secure MQTT for the Internet
of Things (IoT)," in Fifth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network
Technologies (CSNT 2015), April 2015, pp. 746-751.
4. [14] OASIS, "OASIS Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) Version 1.0," 2012,
http://docs.oasis-open.org/amqp/core/v1.0/os/amqp-core-complete-v1.0-os.pdf
[15] T. Winter, et al., "RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks,"
IETF RFC 6550, Mar. 2012, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6550.txt
[16] A. Aijaz and A. Aghvami, "Cognitive machine-to-machine communications for internet-
of-things: A protocol stack perspective," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, pp.
103-112, April 2015,
[17] http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7006643
[18] Z. Zhou, B. Yao, R. Xing, L. Shu, and S. Bu, "E-CARP: An energy-efficient routing
protocol for UWSNs on the internet of underwater things," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. PP,
no. 99, 2015, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7113774
[19] D. Dujovne, T. Watteyne, X. Vilajosana, and P. Thubert, "6TiSCH: Deterministic IP-
enabled industrial internet (of things)," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no.12, pp.
36-41, December 2014, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6979984
[20] M. Hasan, E. Hossain, D. Niyato, "Random access for machine-to-machine
communication in LTEadvanced networks: issues and approaches," in IEEE
Communications Magazine, vol. 51, no. 6, pp.86-93, June 2013,
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=6525600
[21] Z-Wave, "Z-Wave Protocol Overview," v. 4, May 2007,
https://wiki.ase.tut.fi/courseWiki/imges/9/94/SDS10243_2_Z_Wave_Protocol_Overview.pdf
[22] ZigBee Standards Organization, “ZigBee Specification,” Document 053474r17, Jan
2008, 604 pp., http://home.deib.polimi.it/cesana/teaching/IoT/papers/ZigBee/ZigBeeSpec.pdf
[23] O. Cetinkaya and O. Akan, "A dash7-based power metering system," in 12th Annual
IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), Jan 2015, pp. 406-
411, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=7158010
[24] Zhang, Zhi-Kai, et al. ”IoT security: ongoing challenges and research opportunities.”
ServiceOriented Computing and Applications (SOCA), 2014 IEEE 7th International
Conference on. IEEE, 2014.
[25] D. Migault, D. Palomares, E. Herbert, W. You, G. Ganne, G. Arfaoui, and M. Laurent,
“E2E: An Optimized IPsec Architecture for Secure And Fast Offload,” in Seventh
International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security E2E: 2012.
[26] Abomhara, Mohamed, and Geir M. Køien. ”Security and privacy in the Internet of
Things: Current status and open issues.” Privacy and Security in Mobile Systems (PRISMS),
2014 International Conference on. IEEE, 2014.
5. [27] B. L. Suto, “Analyzing the Accuracy and Time Costs of Web Application Security
Scanners,” San Fr., no. October 2007, 2010.
[28] O. El Mouaatamid, M. LahmerInternet of Things security: layered classification of
attacks and possible countermeasures Electron J (9) (2016).
[29] Seda F. Gürses/Bettina Berendt/Thomas Santen, Multilateral Security Requirements
Analysis for Preserving Privacy in Ubiquitous Environments, in Bettina Berendt/Ernestina
Menasalvas (eds), Workshop on Ubiquitous Knowledge Discovery for Users (UKDU '06), at
51–64;
[30] Stankovic, J. (2014). Research directions for the internet of things. IEEE Internet of
Things Journal, 1(1), 3–9
[31] Sicari, Sabrina, et al. "Security, privacy and trust in the Internet of Things: The road
ahead." Computer Networks76 (2015): 146-164.
[32] https://www.cso.com.au/article/575407/internet-things-iot-threats-countermeasures/
Accessed on 15-03-2019
[33] Bokhari, Mohammad Ubaidullah, and Faheem Masoodi. "Comparative analysis of
structures and attacks on various stream ciphers." Proceedings of the 4th National
Conference. 2010.
6. EVALUATION OF A BLOCKCHAIN-ENABLED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
MECHANISM FOR NGNS
Michael Xevgenis1
, Dimitrios G. Kogias2
, Ioannis Christidis1
, Charalampos Patrikakis2
and
Helen C. Leligou1
1
Dept. of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of West Attica, 122 43
Attica, Greece
2
Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 122 43 Attica,
Greece
ABSTRACT
A new era in ICT has begun with the evolution of Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and the
development of human-centric applications. Ultra-low latency, high throughput, and high
availability are a few of the main characteristics of modern networks. Network Providers (NPs)
are responsible for the development and maintenance of network infrastructures ready to support
the most demanding applications that should be available not only in urban areas but in every
corner of the earth. The NP’s must collaborate to offer high- quality services and keep their
overall cost low. The collaboration among competitive entities can in principle be regulated by a
trusted 3rd party or by a distributed approach/technology which can guarantee integrity, security,
and trust. This paper examines the use of blockchain technology for resource management and
negotiation among NPs and presents the results of experiments conducted in a dedicated real
testbed. The implementation of the resource management mechanism is described in a Smart
Contract (SC) and the testbeds use the Raft and the IBFT consensus mechanisms respectively.
The goal of this paper is two-fold: to assess its performance in terms of transaction throughput
and latency so that we can assess the granularity at which this solution can operate (e.g. support
resource re-allocation among NPs on micro-service level or not) and define implementation-
specific parameters like the consensus mechanism that is the most suitable for this use case based
on performance metrics.
KEYWORDS
Blockchain, NGNs, Resource management, Consensus, Performance
For More Details : https://aircconline.com/ijnsa/V13N5/13521ijnsa01.pdf
Volume Link : https://airccse.org/journal/jnsa21_current.html
7. REFERENCES
[1] Website: Cisco Annual Internet Report (2018–2023) White Paper, link:
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/executive-perspectives/annual-internet-
report/white-paper-c11-741490.html ,Accessed on 31/03/2021
[2] Redana, S., Bulakci, Ö., Zafeiropoulos, A., Gavras, A., Tzanakaki, A., Albanese, A., ... &
Zhang, Y. (2019). 5G PPP Architecture Working Group: View on 5G Architecture.
[3] Website: OSM MANO, link: https://osm.etsi.org/ Accessed on 31/03/2021
[4] Panagiotis Trakadas, Panagiotis Karkazis, Helen-Catherine Leligou, Theodore Zahariadis,
Felipe Vicens, Arturo Zurita, Pol Alemany, Thomas Soenen, Carlos Parada, Jose Bonnet,
Eleni Fotopoulou, Anastasios Zafeiropoulos, Evgenia Kapassa, Marios Touloupou,
Dimosthenis Kyriazis, «Comparison of Management and Orchestration solutions for the 5G
Era», Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 2020, Vol. 9, No 4;
doi:10.3390/jsan9010004.
[5] T. Soenen et al., "Insights from SONATA: Implementing and integrating a microservice-
based NFV service platform with a DevOps methodology," NOMS 2018 - 2018 IEEE/IFIP
Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2018, pp. 1-6, doi:
10.1109/NOMS.2018.8406139.
[6] Website: IBM Foodtrust, link: https://www.ibm.com/blockchain/solutions/food-trust
Accessed on 01/04/2021
[7] Website: IOTA, link: https://www.iota.org/ Accessed on 01/04/2021
[8] Website: CryptoKitties, link: https://www.cryptokitties.co/ Accessed on 01/04/2021
[9] Xevgenis, M., Kogias, D. G., Karkazis, P., Leligou, H. C., & Patrikakis, C. (2020).
“Application of Blockchain Technology in Dynamic Resource Management of Next
Generation Networks”, Information, 11(12), 570.
[10] Togou, M. A., Bi, T., Dev, K., McDonnell, K., Milenovic, A., Tewari, H., & Muntean, G.
M. (2020, June). A distributed blockchain-based broker for efficient resource provisioning in
5g networks. In 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
(IWCMC) (pp. 1485-1490). IEEE.
[11] Maksymyuk, T., Gazda, J., Volosin, M., Bugar, G., Horvath, D., Klymash, M., & Dohler,
M. (2020). Blockchain-Empowered Framework for Decentralized Network Management in
6G. IEEE Communications Magazine, 58(9), 86-92.
[12] Xu, H., Klaine, P. V., Onireti, O., Cao, B., Imran, M., & Zhang, L. (2020). Blockchain-
enabled resource management and sharing for 6G communications. Digital Communications
and Networks, 6(3), 261-269.
[13] Papadakis-Vlachopapadopoulos, K., Dimolitsas, I., Dechouniotis, D., Tsiropoulou, E. E.,
Roussaki, I., & Papavassiliou, S. (2021, March). On Blockchain-Based Cross-Service
8. Communication and Resource Orchestration on Edge Clouds. In Informatics (Vol. 8, No. 1,
p. 13). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.
[14] Hewa, T., Gür, G., Kalla, A., Ylianttila, M., Bracken, A., & Liyanage, M. (2020, March).
The role of blockchain in 6G: challenges, opportunities and research directions. In 2020 2nd
6G Wireless Summit (6G SUMMIT) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
[15] Praveen, G., Chamola, V., Hassija, V., & Kumar, N. (2020). Blockchain for 5g: A
prelude to future telecommunication. IEEE Network, 34(6), 106-113.
[16] Website: 5G Zorro, link: https://www.5gzorro.eu/ Accessed on 01/04/2021
[17] Website: https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.3/ ,Accessed on 05/05/2021
[18] Website: GoQuorum, link: https://docs.goquorum.consensys.net/en/stable/ Accessed on
03/04/2021
[19] Ongaro, D., & Ousterhout, J. (2014). In search of an understandable consensus algorithm.
In 2014 {USENIX} Annual Technical Conference ({USENIX}{ATC} 14) (pp. 305-319).
[20] Lamport, L. (2001). Paxos made simple. ACM Sigact News, 32(4), 18-25.
[21] Moniz, H. (2020). The istanbul BFT consensus algorithm. arXiv preprint
arXiv:2002.03613.
[22] Website: Hyperledger Caliper, link: https://hyperledger.github.io/caliper/ Accessed on
03/04/2021
[23] Website: Provable, link: https://provable.xyz/ Accessed on 04/04/2021
[24] Website: Chainlink, link: https://chain.link/ Accessed on 04/04/2021
[25] Al-Breiki, H., Rehman, M. H. U., Salah, K., & Svetinovic, D. (2020). Trustworthy
blockchain oracles: review, comparison, and open research challenges. IEEE Access, 8,
85675-85685.
[26] Leligou, H.C., Kanonakis, K., Angelopoulos, J., Pountourakis, I., Orphanoudakis,
T.(2006). Efficient burst aggregation for QoS-aware slotted OBS systems. European
Transactions on Telecommunications, 17(1), 93-98.
9. AUTHORS
Michael Xevgenis is a Ph.D. Candidate at the Department of Industrial Design and Production
Engineering of the University of West Attica. The subject of his Ph.D. research is Secure
Resource Management in Next Generation Networks, where Blockchain technology is one of the
main fields of this study. In addition, he is a Research Associate at the Computer Network and
Services Research Team (CONSERT) of the University of West Attica. His research concerns
are on the Networking and Cloud Computing sector. In the last few years he has participated in
two EU projects: the TRILLION and the STORM of H2020. Finally, he holds the Master in Data
and Networking Communications of Kingston University in collaboration with TEI of Piraeus.
Dimitrios G. Kogias was born in Athens in 1978. He received his diploma in Physics from the
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in 2001. In December 2004 he received his
M.Sc. in Electronics and Radioelectrology and in May 2010 his Ph.D. degree from the National
and Kapodistrian University of Athens on Algorithms for dissemination of information in
Unstructured Networking Environments. He works as an Adjunct Lecturer in the Department of
Electrical & Electronics Engineering of the University of West Attica (UniWA).
Ioannis Christidis has graduated from the University of West Attica while also participated in
ASSET Learning Community & Ecosystem. He is currently a postgraduate student at the
University of West Attica and the subject of his research is Blockchain as real-time monitoring
system. His research interests focus on blockchain and distributed ledger technologies, data
freshness, and gamification.
Charalampos Z. Patrikakis is a Full Professor at the Dept. of Electrical & Electronics
Engineering of the University of West Attica. He has participated in more than 32 National,
European and International programs, in 16 of which he has been involved as technical
coordinator or principal researcher. He has more than 100 publications in chapters of books,
international journals, and conferences, and has 2 contributions in national legislation. He is a
member of the editorial committee of more than 50 international journals and conferences and
has acted as editor in the publication of special issues of international journals, conference
proceedings volumes, and coedited three books. He is a senior member of IEEE, Assistant Editor
In Chief (Special Issues) of IEEE IT Pro Magazine, member of the Technical Chamber of
Greece, the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science, ACM, and counselor of the
IEEE student department of University of West Attica.
Helen C. Leligou received the Dipl.Ing. and Ph.D. degrees, both in electrical and computer
engineering, from the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece, in
1995 and 2002, respectively. Her research interests lie in the area of protocol design for
communication systems, access control mechanisms in optical access/metro/core networks, with
emphasis on their implementation in hardware using state-of-the-art primarily FPGA but also
ASIC technologies. She has also been active in security, routing, and application layer protocols
for wireless sensor networks and their implementation in embedded systems. Currently, her
research interests lie in blockchain technologies and in the application of novel sensor
applications for affect detection in learning environments. She is currently an assistant professor
at the University of West Attica while from 2007-2017 she is acting as Assistant Professor at the
Technological Educational Institute of Central Greece teaching “Digital Design” and “Computer
Networks”. Her research results have been published in more than 100 scientific journals and
conferences. She has participated in several EU-funded ACTS, IST and ICT and H2020 research
projects in the above areas.
10. USE OF MARKOV CHAIN FOR EARLY DETECTING DDOS ATTACKS
Chin-Ling Chen1
and Jian-Ming Chen2
1
Department of Information Management, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, Taiwan 900
2
Genesis Technology, Inc., HsinChu, Taiwan 300
ABSTRACT
DDoS has a variety of types of mixed attacks. Botnet attackers can chain different types of
DDoS attacks to confuse cybersecurity defenders. In this article, the attack type can be
represented as the state of the model. Considering the attack type, we use this model to calculate
the final attack probability. The final attack probability is then converted into one prediction
vector, and the incoming attacks can be detected early before IDS issues an alert. The experiment
results have shown that the prediction model that can make multi-vector DDoS detection and
analysis easier.
KEYWORDS
DDoS, attack detection, Markov chain, TCP SYN flood, ICMP flood, HTTP flood, LAND, UDP
flood.
For More Details : https://aircconline.com/ijnsa/V13N4/13421ijnsa01.pdf
Volume Link : https://airccse.org/journal/jnsa21_current.html
11. REFERENCES
[1] Karras, D. A. &Zorkadis,V. C. (2008) “On efficient security modelling of complex
interconnected communication systems based on Markov Processes,” 2008 New
Technologies, Mobility and Security, pp1-7.
[2] Zhai, J., Liu, G.& Dai, Y. (2010) “A covert channel detection algorithm based on TCP
Markov model,” 2010 International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and
Security, pp893-897.
[3] Abdulmunem, A.-S. M. Q.&Kharchenko, V. S. (2016) “Availability and security assessment
of smart building automation systems: combining of attack tree analysis and Markov
models,” 2016 Third International Conference on Mathematics and Computers in Sciences
and in Industry (MCSI), pp302-307.
[4] Kolisnyk, M.,Kharchenko, V.&Iryna, P. (2019) “IoTserver availability consideringDDoS-
attacks: analysis of prevention methods and Markov model,” 2019 10th International
Conference on Dependable Systems, Services and Technologies (DESSERT).
[5] Shing, M. -L.&Shing, C. -C. (2010) “Information security risk assessment using Markov
models,” 2010 Third International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security,
pp403-406.
[6] Cao,L. -C. (2007) “A high-efficiency intrusion prediction technology based on Markov
Chain,” 2007 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security
Workshops (CISW 2007), pp518-521.
[7] Le,N. T.& Hoang,D. B. (2018) “Security threat probability computation using Markov Chain
and common vulnerability scoring system,” 2018 28th International Telecommunication
Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC), pp1-6.
[8] Wang, C., Shi, C., Wang, C.& Fu,Y. (2016) “An analyzing method for computer network
security based on Markov game model,” 2016 IEEE Advanced Information Management,
Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC), pp454-458.
[9] Miehling, E., Rasouli, M.&Teneketzis, D. (2017) “A dependency graph formalism for the
dynamic defense of cyber networks,” 2017 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and
Information Processing (GlobalSIP), pp511-512.
[10] Zheng, J.&Namin,A. S. (2018) “Defending SDN-based IoTnetworks againstDDoSattacks
using Markov Decision Process,” 2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big
Data), pp4589-4592.
[11] Kuang, G. C., Wang, X. F.& Yin, L. R. (2012) “A fuzzy forecast method for network
security situation based on Markov,” 2012 International Conference on Computer Science
and Information Processing (CSIP), pp785-789.
12. [12] Sun, S. (2015) “The research of the network security situation prediction mechanism
based on the complex network,” 2015 International Conference on Computational
Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), pp1183-1187.
[13] C. Zhou, S. Huang, N. Xiong, S. -H. Yang, H. Li, Y. Qin & X. Li, (2015) “Design and
analysis of multimodel-based anomaly intrusion detection systems in industrial process
automation,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 2015, Vol.45,
No.10, pp1345-1360.
[14] Teoh, T. T., Nguwi, Y. Y., Elovici, Y., Cheung, N. M.& Ng, W. L. (2017) “Analyst
intuition based Hidden Markov Model on high speed, temporal cyber security big data,”
2017 13th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge
Discovery (ICNC-FSKD), pp2080-2083.
[15] Holgado, P., Villagrá, V. A.& Vázquez, L. (2020) “Real-time multistep attack prediction
based on Hidden Markov Models,” IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure
Computing, 2020, Vol.17, No.1.
13. AUTHORS
Chin-Ling Chen received the BS degree from National Taiwan University in
1988, the Master degree in Management Information System from the
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, in 1992, and the Ph.D. degree in
Information Management from National Taiwan University of Science and
Technology, 1999. Since the spring of 1999, he has joined the faculty of the
Department of Information Management at National Pingtung University,
Taiwan. His research interests include Internet QoS, network technology, and
network security. He is a member of IEICE.
Jian-Ming Chen received his master’s degree in Information Management
from National Pingtung University, 2019. Currently, he is a software
engineer of Genesis Technology, Inc, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
14. PROOF-OF-REPUTATION: AN ALTERNATIVE CONSENSUS MECHANISM FOR
BLOCKCHAIN SYSTEMS
Oladotun Aluko1
and Anton Kolonin2
1
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
2
Aigents Group, Novosibirsk, Russia
ABSTRACT
Blockchains combine other technologies, such as cryptography, networking, and incentive
mechanisms, to enable the creation, validation, and recording of transactions between
participating nodes. A consensus algorithm is used in a blockchain system to determine the
shared state among distributed nodes. An important component underlying any blockchain-based
system is its consensus mechanism, which principally determines the performance and security
of the overall system. As the nature of peer-to-peer(P2P) networks is open and dynamic, the
security risk within that environment is greatly increased mostly because nodes can join and
leave the network at will. Thus, it is important to have a system that can check against malicious
behaviour. In this work, we propose a reputation-based consensus mechanism for blockchain-
based systems, Proof-of-Reputation(PoR) where the nodes with the highest reputation values
eventually become part of a consensus group that determines the state of the blockchain.
KEYWORDS
Consensus Mechanism, Distributed Ledger Technology, Blockchain, Reputation System, Social
Computing.
For More Details : https://aircconline.com/ijnsa/V13N4/13421ijnsa03.pdf
Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/jnsa21_current.html
15. REFERENCES
[1] M. Crosby, P. Pattanayak, S. Verma, and V. Kalyanaraman. (2016) Blockchain technology:
Beyond bitcoin. [Online]. Available: https://j2-capital.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/11/AIR- 2016-Blockchain.pdf?forcedefault=true.
[2] A. Baliga, “Understanding blockchain consensus models,” 2017.
[3] G.-T. Nguyen and K. Kim, “A survey about consensus algorithms used in blockchain,” J. Inf.
Process. Syst., vol. 14, pp. 101–128, 2018.
[4] Quantaloop.io. (2020) Types of consensus algorithms in blockchain. [Online]. Available:
https://quantaloop.io/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake-101.
[5] F. Hendrikx, K. Bubendorfer, and R. Chard, “Reputation systems: A survey and taxonomy,”
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, vol. 75, pp. 184–197, 2015.
[6] V. Gramoli, “From blockchain consensus back to byzantine consensus,” Future Generation
Computer Systems, vol. 107, pp. 760–769, 2020.
[7] S. Azouvi, P. McCorry, and S. Meiklejohn, “Betting on blockchain consensus with
fantomette,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.06786, 2018.
[8] M. S. Ferdous, M. J. M. Chowdhury, M. A. Hoque, and A. Colman, “Blockchain
consensuses algorithms: A survey,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.07091, 2020.
[9] L. M. Bach, B. Mihaljevic, and M. Zagar, “Comparative analysis of blockchain consensus
algorithms,” in 2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication
Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO). IEEE, 2018, pp. 1545–1550.
[10] Y. Xiao, N. Zhang, W. Lou, and Y. T. Hou, “A survey of distributed consensus protocols
for blockchain networks,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 22, no. 2, pp.
1432–1465, 2020.
[11] A. Gervais, G. O. Karame, K. Wu ̈st, V. Glykantzis, H. Ritzdorf, and S. Capkun, “On the
security and performance of proof of work blockchains,” in Proceedings of the 2016 ACM
SIGSAC conference on computer and communications security, 2016, pp. 3–16.
[12] A. Josang and R. Ismail, “The beta reputation system,” in Proceedings of the 15th bled
electronic commerce conference, vol. 5, 2002, pp. 2502– 2511.
[13] J. Weng, Z. Shen, C. Miao, A. Goh, and C. Leung, “Credibility: How agents can handle
unfair third-party testimonies in computational trust models,” IEEE Transactions on
Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1286–1298, 2009.
[14] S. Song, K. Hwang, R. Zhou, and Y.-K. Kwok,“Trusted p2p transactions with fuzzy
reputation aggregation,” IEEE Internet computing, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 24–34, 2005.
16. [15] K.K.Bharadwaj and M.Y.H.Al-Shamri,“Fuzzy computational models for trust and
reputation systems,” Electronic commerce research and applications, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 37–47,
2009.
[16] W. L. Teacy, M. Luck, A. Rogers, and N. R. Jennings, “An efficient and versatile
approach to trust and reputation using hierarchical bayesian modelling,” Artificial
Intelligence, vol. 193, pp. 149–185, 2012.
[17] M. Tavakolifard and S. J. Knapskog, “A probabilistic reputation algorithm for
decentralized multi-agent environments,” Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science,
vol. 244, pp. 139–149, 2009.
[18] A. Whitby, A. Jøsang, and J. Indulska, “Filtering out unfair ratings in bayesian reputation
systems,” in Proc. 7th Int. Workshop on Trust in Agent Societies, vol. 6. Citeseer, 2004, pp.
106–117.
[19] A. Jøsang, Subjective logic. Springer, 2016.
[20] A. Jøsang and T. Bhuiyan, “Optimal trust network analysis with subjective logic,” in
2008 Second International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and
Technologies. IEEE, 2008, pp. 179– 184.
[21] L. C. Freeman, “Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification,” Social networks,
vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 215–239, 1978.
[22] L. Kleinrock, R. Ostrovsky, and V. Zikas, “Proof-of-reputation blockchain with
nakamoto fallback,” in International Conference on Cryptology in India. Springer, 2020, pp.
16–38.
[23] J. Horton and J. Golden,“Reputation Inflation An Online Marketplace,” New York I, vol.
1, 2015.
[24] G. Swamynathan, K. C. Almeroth, and B. Y. Zhao, “The design of a reliable reputation
system,” Electronic Commerce Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 239–270, 2010.
[25] K. Hoffman, D. Zage, and C. Nita-Rotaru, “A survey of attack and defense techniques for
reputation systems,” ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 1–31, 2009.
[26] M. Gupta, P. Judge, and M. Ammar, “A reputation system for peer-to-peer networks,” in
Proceedings of the 13th international workshop on Network and operating systems support
for digital audio and video, 2003, pp. 144–152.
[27] F. Gai, B. Wang, W. Deng, and W. Peng, “Proof of reputation: A reputation-based
consensus protocol for peer-to-peer network,” in International Conference on Database
Systems for Advanced Applications. Springer, 2018, pp. 666–681.
[28] J. Yu, D. Kozhaya, J. Decouchant, and P. Esteves-Verissimo,“Repucoin: Your reputation
is your power,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 1225–1237, 2019.
17. [29] M. T. de Oliveira, L. H. Reis, D. S. Medeiros, R. C. Carrano, S. D. Olabarriaga, and D.
M. Mattos, “Blockchain reputation-based consensus: A scalable and resilient mechanism for
distributed mistrusting applications,” Computer Networks, vol. 179, p. 107367, 2020.
[30] C. Dwork, N. Lynch, and L. Stockmeyer, “Consensus in the presence of partial
synchrony,” Journal of the ACM (JACM), vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 288–323, 1988.
[31] G. Chalkiadakis, E. Elkind, and M. Wooldridge, “Computational aspects of cooperative
game theory,” Synthesis Lectures on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, vol. 5, no.
6, pp. 1–168, 2011.
[32] P. Berman, J. A. Garay, K. J. Perry et al., “Towards optimal distributed consensus,” in
FOCS, vol. 89. Citeseer, 1989, pp. 410–415.
[33] L. Xiong and L. Liu, “Peertrust: Supporting reputation-based trust for peer-to-peer
electronic communities,” IEEE transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 16,
no. 7, pp. 843–857, 2004.
[34] A. Kolonin and S. SingularityNET, “Reputation systems for human-computer
environments,” Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics, 2019.
[35] A. Kolonin, B. Goertzel, D. Duong, and M. Ikle, “A reputation system for artificial
societies,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.07342, 2018.
[36] I. Eyal and E. G. Sirer, “Majority is not enough: Bitcoin mining is vulnerable,” in
International conference on financial cryptography and data security. Springer, 2014, pp.
436–454.
[37] C. Grunspan and R. Perez-Marco, “On profitability of selfish mining,” arXiv preprint
arXiv:1805.08281, 2018.
[38] K. A. Negy, P. R. Rizun, and E. G. Sirer, “Selfish mining re-examined,” in International
Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security. Springer, 2020, pp. 61–78.
[39] E. Heilman, A. Kendler, A. Zohar, and S. Goldberg, “Eclipse attacks on bitcoin’s peer-to-
peer network,” in 24th {USENIX} Security Symposium ({USENIX} Security 15), 2015, pp.
129–144.
[40] J. Bonneau, "Why Buy When You Can Rent?" in International Conference on Financial
Cryptography and Data Security. Springer, 2016, pp. 19–26.
18. AUTHORS
Oladotun Aluko received his BSc (2017) in Computer Science and
Engineering from Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. He is currently
working on his MSc in Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence at
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia. His research interests are
in Distributed Computing, Blockchain Technology, Machine Learning and
Cloud Databases.
Anton Kolonin received his PhD in 1998 after he independently developed a
software-algorithmic complex for processing geophysical data, introduced into
production in many CIS countries. He has also participated as a leader or lead
architect in many projects to develop algorithms and software, including those
related to the use of AI, including the recognition of static text, moving
objects, music, extracting information from texts and identifying events on
financial markets – in Russian and foreign companies. Since 2017, he has also
been a software architect for AI and blockchain in the Singularity NET
project, leading projects on unsupervised language learning and reputation
systems.
19. PHISHING MITIGATION TECHNIQUES: A LITERATURE SURVEY
Wosah Peace Nmachi and Thomas Win
School of Computing & Engineering University of Gloucestershire, Park Campus, Cheltenham
GL50 2RH United Kingdom
ABSTRACT
Email is a channel of communication which is considered to be a confidential medium of
communication for exchange of information among individuals and organisations. The
confidentiality consideration about e-mail is no longer the case as attackers send malicious
emails to users to deceive them into disclosing their private personal information such as
username, password, and bank card details, etc. In search of a solution to combat phishing
cybercrime attacks, different approaches have been developed. However, the traditional exiting
solutions have been limited in assisting email users to identify phishing emails from legitimate
ones. This paper reveals the different email and website phishing solutions in phishing attack
detection. It first provides a literature analysis of different existing phishing mitigation
approaches. It then provides a discussion on the limitations of the techniques, before concluding
with an explorationin to how phishing detection can be improved.
KEYWORDS
Cyber-security, Phishing Email Attack, Deep Learning, Stylometric Analysis, Cyber Human
Behaviour
For More Details : https://aircconline.com/ijnsa/V13N2/13221ijnsa05.pdf
Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/jnsa21_current.html
20. REFERENCES
[1] Leite C., Gondim J. J. C., Barreto P. S., and Alchieri E. A., (2019). Waste flooding: A
phishing retaliation tool
[2] Xiujuan W., Chenxi Z., Kangfeng Z., Haoyang T., &Yuanrui T.(2019)detecting spear-
phishing emails based on authentication
[3] Duman S, Kalkan-Cakmakci K, Egele M. (2016)EmailProfiler: Spear phishing filtering with
header and stylometric features of emails.
[4] Calix K., Connors M., Levy D., Manzar H., McCabe G., & Westcott S. (2008). Stylometry
for E-mail author identification and authentication
[5] Gupta B. B., Arachchilage N A.G., &Psannis K. E. (2018).Defending against phishing
attacks: taxonomy of methods, current issues and future direction
[6] Dewan P, Kashyap A, &Kumaraguru P. (2014). Analysingsocial and stylometric features to
identify spear phishing emails
[7] AbahussainO. &Harrath Y. (2019). Detection of malicious emails through regular
expressions and databases
[8] Helmi R. A. A., Ren C. S.&Jamal A. (2019). Email anti-phishing detection application
[9] Asanka N. G.A.,Steve L.&Beznosov K. (2016) Phishing threat avoidance behaviour: An
empirical investigation
[10] Mohammad R., Thabtah F. & McCluskey L. (2015): Tutorial and critical analysis of
phishing websites methods
[11] Heartfield Ryan& George Loukas, (2018) Detecting semantic social engineering attacks
with the weakest link: Implementation and empirical evaluation of a human-as-a-security-
sensor framework
[12] Baniya T., Gautam D.& Kim Y. (2015). Safeguarding web surfing with URL blacklisting
[13] Canova G., Volkamer M., Bergmann C., &Borza R. (2014). NoPhish: An anti-phishing
education app
[14] Bottazzi G., Casalicchio E., Marturana F., &Piu M. (2015). MP-shield: A framework for
phishing detection in mobile devices.
[15] Li, J., Li, J., Chen, X., Jia, C., & Lou, W. (2015) Identity-based encryption without
sourced revocation incloud computing
[16] Qabajeh I.,Thabtah F.,&Chiclana F. (2018) A recent review of conventional vs.
automated cybersecurity anti-phishing techniques
21. [17] Lötter Andrés.&Futcher Lynn, (2015) A framework to Assist Email Users in the
Identification of Phishing Attacks
[18] Gascon H., Ullrich S., Stritter B. &Rieck K. (2018) Reading between the lines: content-
agnostic detection of spear-phishing emails
[19] Smadi S., Aslam N., & Zhang L. (2018). Detection of online phishing email using
dynamic evolving neural network based on reinforcement learning
[20] Chandrasekaran M., Narayanan K., andUpadhayayaS. (2006) Phishing e-mail detection
based on structural properties.
[21] Ghafir I., Saleem J., Hammoudeh M., Faour H., Prenosil V., Jaf S., Jabbar S. & Baker T.
(2018). Security threats to critical infrastructure: the human factor
[22] Khonji M, Iraqi Y& Jones A. (2011). Mitigation of spear phishing attacks: A Content-
based Authorship Identification framework
[23] Iqbal F, BinsalleehH&Fung B C M. (2010). Mining writeprints from anonymous e-mails
for forensic investigation
[24] Lyon, J.& Wong M. (2006). Sender ID: authenticating e-mail,” RFC 4406.
[25] KunjuM.V., Esther D., Anthony H. C. &BhelwaS. (2019) Evaluation of phishing
techniques based on machine learning
[26] Peng T., Harris I., &Sawa Y. (2018).Detecting phishing attacks using natural language
processing and machine learning
[27] SahingozO.K.,Buber E., Demir O., &Diri B. (2019). Machine learning based phishing
detection from URLs
[28] Zhang, Y., Hong, J. I., &Cranor, L. F.(2007). Cantina: A content based approach to
detecting phishing web sites.
[29] Suganya V. (2016): A review on phishing attacks and various anti-phishing techniques
[30] Abdelhamid N., Ayesh A. &Thabtah F. (2014) Phishing detection based associative
classification data mining
[31] SternfeldUri&Striem-Amit Yonatan. (2019) Prevention of rendezvous generation
algorithm (RGA) and domain generation algorithm (DGA) malware over exiting internet
services.
[32] Akarsh S., Sriram S., &Poornachandran P.(2019) Deep learning framework for domain
generation algorithms prediction using long short-term memory.
22. [33] Bagui S., Nandi D.,Subhash B. & White J.R (2019) Classifying phishing email using
machine learning and deep learning
[34] Jain Kumar Ankit. & Gupta B.B. (2018). A machine learning based approach for
phishing detection using hyperlinks information
[35] Vinayakumar R., Soman K. P., Poornachandran P., Akarsh S. &Elhoseny M. (2019)
Deep learning framework for cyber threat situational awareness based on email and url data
analysis.
[36] Park Gilchan and Rayz Julia (2018).Ontological detection of phishing emails
[37] Surbhi G., Abhishek S.&Akanksha K. (2016). A literature survey on social engineering
attacks: phishing attack
[38] Jamil A., Asif K.& Ghulam Z. (2018) MPMPA: A mitigation and prevention model for
social engineering based phishing attacks on facebook
[39] Platsis George, (2018) Thehuman factor: Cyber security's greatest challenge
[40] NaimBaftiu. (2017).Cyber security in Kosovo
[41] Abdelhamid N., Thabtah F. & Abdel-jaber H. (2017) Phishing detection: A recent
intelligent machine learning comparison based on models content and features
[42] Alsharnouby M., Alaca F., Chiasson S. (2015)Why phishing still works: User strategies
for combating phishing attacks
[43] Chou N., Ledesma R., Teraguchi Y., Boneh D., and Mitchell J. C. (2004) “Client-side
defence against web-based identity theft”.
[44] Prakash P., Kumar M., Rao R. K. and Gupta M. (2010) PhishNet: Predictive blacklisting
to detect phishing attacks
[45] Delany Mark, (2007) Domain-based email authentication using public keys advertised in
the DNS (Domain Keys).
[46] Saidani N., Adi K. and AlliliM. S. (2020)A semantic-based classification approach for an
enhanced spam detection.
[47] Bhowmick A. and Hazarika S.M. (2016) Machine learning for e-mail spam filtering:
review techniques and trends.
23. CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE CYBERSECURITY CHALLENGES: IOT IN PERSPECTIVE
1
Akwetey Henry Matey, 2
Paul Danquah, 1
Godfred Yaw Koi-Akrofi and 1
Isaac Asampana
1
Departments of I.T. Studies, University of Professional Studies Accra
2
Department of I.T., Heritage Christian University
ABSTRACT
A technology platform that is gradually bridging the gap between object visibility and remote
accessibility is the Internet of Things (IoT). Rapid deployment of this application can
significantly transform the health, housing, and power (distribution and generation) sectors, etc.
It has considerably changed the power sector regarding operations, services optimization, power
distribution, asset management and aided in engaging customers to reduce energy consumption.
Despite its societal opportunities and the benefits it presents, the power generation sector is
bedeviled with many security challenges on the critical infrastructure. This review discusses the
security challenges posed by IoT in power generation and critical infrastructure. To achieve this,
the authors present the various IoT applications, particularly on the grid infrastructure, from an
empirical literature perspective. The authors concluded by discussing how the various entities in
the sector can overcome these security challenges to ensure an exemplary future IoT
implementation on the power critical infrastructure value chain.
KEYWORDS
Power Distribution, Internet of Things (IoT), Sensors, Technology, Implementation
For More Details : https://aircconline.com/ijnsa/V13N4/13421ijnsa04.pdf
Volume Link : https://airccse.org/journal/jnsa21_current.html
24. REFERENCES
[1] A. R., Khan, A.Mahmood, A. Safdar, Z. A. Khan, and & N. A Khan, "Load forecasting,
dynamic pricing and DSM in smart grid: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1311-1322, 2016.
[2] R. Mallik, and H. Kargupta, "A Sustainable Approach for Demand Prediction in Smart Grids
using a Distributed Local Asynchronous Algorithm. Accepted for publication in the
Proceedings of the Conference on Data Understanding (CIDU)", 2011.
[3] K. Zhou, and S. Yang, "Understanding household energy consumption behaviour: The
contribution of energy big data analytics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 810-819, 2016.
[4] K. M. Läs- sig J., K. Kersting, "Wind Power Prediction with Machine Learning.," Springer,
vol. 9570 of L.N., 2016.
[5] W. Björn, E. Lorenz, and K. Oliver, "Statistical Learning for Short-Term Photovoltaic Power
Predictions.," vol. Volume 957, 2016.
[6] M. Stolpe, "The Internet of Things: Opportunities and Challenges for Distributed Data
Analysis," ACM SIGKDD Explor. Newsl., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 15–34, 2016, DOI:
10.1145/2980765.2980768.
[7] B. Shakerighadi, A. A.-M. J. C. Vasquez, and J. M. Guerrero, "Internet of Things for Modern
Energy Systems ," 2018, DOI: 10.3390/en11051252.
[8] K. Sajid, A.; Abbas, H.; Saleem, "Cloud-Assisted IoT-Based SCADA Systems Security: A
Review of the State of the Art and Future Challenges.," IEEE Access, pp. 4, 1375–1384,
2016, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2549047.
[9] S. S. I. Samuel, "A review of connectivity challenges in IoT-smart home." MEC International
Conference on Big Data and Smart City, Muscat, Oman, pp. 364–367, 2016, DOI:
10.1109/ICBDSC.2016.7460395.
[10] G. Bedi, G. K. Venayagamoorthy, R. Singh, R. R. Brooks, and K. C. Wang, "Review of
Internet of Things (IoT) in Electric Power and Energy Systems," IEEE Internet Things J.,
vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 847–870, 2018, DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2018.2802704.
[11] I. Doh, J. Lim, and K. Chae, "Secure Authentication for Structured Smart Grid System,"
2015, DOI: 10.1109/IMIS.2015.32.
[12] G. W. Bendermacher, M. G. Oude Egbrink, I. H. Wolfhagen, and D. H. Dolmans,
"Unraveling quality culture in higher education: A realist review, "Higher Education, 73(1),
39-60, 2017.
[13] R. Savolainen, Information seeking and searching strategies as plans and patterns of
action: A conceptual analysis, " Journal of Documentation, 72(6), 1154-1180, 2016.
25. [14] R. Syed, and K. Collins-Thompson, "Optimizing search results for a human learning
goal, " Information Retrieval Journal, 20, 506-523, 2017.
[15] M. Allen, "The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods," 2017. DOI:
https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411
[16] M. W. and C. Ebert, "Reference Architectures for the Internet of Things," IEEE Software,
IEEE Comput. Soc., no. Jan/Feb 2016, p. P.112 ff, 2016.
[17] B. P. Carrez, Francois, Srdjan Krio, “Designing IoT Architecture ( s ) A European
Perspective,” pp. 79–84, 2014.
[18] K. . Wu G., Talwar, S., Johnsson K., Himayat, N., and Johnson, "Recent Progress in
Machine-To-Machine Communications," IEEE Commun. Mag., pp. 36–43, 2011.
[19] J. Guth et al., "Comparison of IoT Platform Architectures : A Field Study based on a
Reference Architecture Comparison of IoT Platform Architectures : A Field Study based on a
Reference Architecture," 2016.
[20] A. K. Minhaj, and S. Khaled, "IoT security: Review, blockchain solutions, and open
challenges", Future Generation Computer Systems, Volume 82, Pages 395-411, 2018
[21] E. Vasilomanolakis, "On the Security and Privacy of Internet of Things Architectures and
Systems."
[22] D. Minoli, and J. Kouns, "IoT Security ( IoTSec ) Considerations, Requirements, and
Architectures," 2017 14th IEEE Annu. Consum. Commun. Netw. Conf., pp. 1006–1007,
2017, DOI: 10.1109/CCNC.2017.7983271.
[23] T. O. Olowu, and A. Sundararajan, Future Challenges and Mitigation Methods for High
Photovoltaic Penetration : A Survey. 2020.
[24] N. M. Kumar, K. Atluri, and S. Palaparthi, "Internet of Things ( IoT ) in Photovoltaic
Systems," 2018 Natl. Power Eng. Conf., no. October, pp. 1–4, 2018, DOI:
10.1109/NPEC.2018.8476807.
[25] A. Ghasempour, "Internet of Things in Smart Grid: Architecture, Applications, Services,
Key Technologies, and Challenges," 2019, DOI: 10.3390/inventions4010022.
[26] M. Chen, J. Wan, and F. Li, "Machine-to-Machine Communications : Architectures,
Standards and Applications," vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 480–497, 2012, DOI:
10.3837/tiis.2012.02.002.
[27] N. A. Hidayatullah, A. C. Kurniawan, and A. Kalam, “Power Transmission and
Distribution Monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT) for Smart Grid,” IOP Conf. Ser.
Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 384, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/384/1/012039.
26. [28] S. Rekha, and J. Anita, "Role of smart grid in the power sector and challenges for its
implementation : A review on Indian scenario," no. October 2018.
[29] S. Chakrabarty, D. W. Engels, and S. Member, "A Secure IoT Architecture for Smart
Cities," 2016.
[30] A. Ramamurthy and P. Jain, "The Internet of Things in the Power Sector Opportunities in
Asia and the Pacific," no. 48, 2017.
[31] Junru Lin. et al., "Monitoring Power Transmission Lines using a Wireless Sensor
Network Wireless," Commun. Mob. Comput. (John Wiley Sons, Ltd, 2014.
[32] O. K. and Hans-RolfT., "Sensor Technology and Future Trend IEEE Transaction on
Instrumentation and Measurement," IEEE, pp. 1497-1501.53(6) p, 2004.
[33] S. Kim, U. Kim, and J. Huh, "A Study on Improvement of Blockchain Application to
Overcome Vulnerability of IoT Multiplatform Security," 2019, DOI: 10.3390/en12030402.
[34] A. Janjić, L. Velimirović, J. Ranitović, and Ž. Džunić, "Internet of Things in Power
Distribution Networks – State of the Art," no. September 2017.
[35] T. Nguyen, S. Wang, M. Alhazmi, M. Nazemi, A. Estebsari, and P. Dehghanian,
"Electric Power Grid Resilience to Cyber Adversaries: State of the Art," IEEE Access, vol. 8,
pp. 87592–87608, 2020, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2993233.
[36] M. A. Shahid, R. Nawaz, I. M. Qureshi, and M. H. Mahmood, "Proposed Defense
Topology against Cyber Attacks in Smart Grid," 4th Int. Conf. Power Gener. Syst. Renew.
Energy Technol. PGSRET 2018, no. September, pp. 1–5, 2019, DOI:
10.1109/PGSRET.2018.8685944.
[37] M. Sahabuddin, B. Dutta, and M. Hassan, "Impact of cyber-attack on isolated power
system," 2016 3rd Int. Conf. Electr. Eng. Inf. Commun. Technol. iCEEiCT 2016, pp. 8–11,
2017, DOI: 10.1109/CEEICT.2016.7873088.
[38] Kaspersky, "Cyber threats for ICS in Energy in Europe. Object of research," pp. 1–11,
2020.
[39] C. Alcaraz, P. Najera, R. Roman, and J. Lopez, “How will city infrastructure and sensors
be made smart?,” White Pap., vol. 6, no. 11, p. 113, 2010, doi: 10.1002/047011276X.
[40] M. Eckel and T. Laffey, "Ensuring the integrity and security of network equipment is
critical in the fight against cyberattacks," Netw. Secure., vol. 2020, no. 9, pp. 18–19, 2020,
DOI: 10.1016/S1353-4858(20)30107-0.
[41] Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), "Contributions of Supply and Demand
Resources to Required Power System Reliability Services," 2015.
27. [42] S. Ghosh and M. H. Ali, "Exploring Severity Ranking of Cyber-Attacks in Modern
Power Grid," 2019.
[43] Z. Livingston, Sanborn, Slaughter, "Managing cyber risk in the electric power sector |
Deloitte Insights," 2019.
[44] P. Eder-Neuhauser, T. Zseby, J. Fabini, and G. Vormayr, "Sustainable Energy, Grids and
Networks Cyberattack models for smart grid environments," Sustain. Energy, Grids
Networks, vol. 12, pp. 10–29, 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2017.08.002.
[45] A. S. Bretas, N. G. Bretas, B. Carvalho, E. Baeyens, and P. P. Khargonekar, "Smart grids
cyber-physical security as a malicious data attack : An innovation approach ଝ," Electr. Power
Syst. Res., vol. 149, pp. 210–219, 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2017.04.018.
[46] J. Xu, B. Liu, H. Mo, and D. Dong, "Automatica Bayesian adversarial multi-node bandit
for optimal smart grid protection against cyber attacks ✩
," Automatica, vol. 128, p. 109551,
2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2021.109551.
[47] S. Hasan, A. Dubey, G. Karsai, and X. Koutsoukos, "Electrical Power and Energy
Systems A game-theoretic approach for power systems defence against dynamic," Electr.
Power Energy Syst., vol. 115, no. January 2019, p. 105432, 2020, DOI:
10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105432.
[48] B. Li, R. Lu, W. Wang, and K. R. Choo, "Distributed host-based collaborative detection
for false data injection attacks in smart grid cyber-physical system," J. Parallel Distrib.
Comput., vol. 103, pp. 32–41, 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpdc.2016.12.012.
[49] X. Luo, Q. Yao, X. Wang, and X. Guan, "Electrical Power and Energy Systems
Observer-based cyber-attack detection and isolation in smart grids," Electr. Power Energy
Syst., vol. 101, no. January, pp. 127–138, 2018, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.02.039.
[50] A. Shukla, S. Dutta, and P. K. Sadhu, "An island detection approach by μ -PMU with
reduced chances of cyber attack," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 126, no. PA, p.
106599, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106599.
[51] W. Ding, M. Xu, Y. Huang, P. Zhao, and F. Song, "Cyber attacks on PMU placement in a
smart grid : Characterization and optimization," Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., vol. 212, no. March,
p. 107586, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2021.107586.
[52] L. Lee and P. Hu, "Vulnerability analysis of cascading dynamics in smart grids under
load redistribution attacks," Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 111, no. February, pp. 182–190,
2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.03.062.
[53] M. Ashrafuzzaman, S. Das, Y. Chakhchoukh, S. Shiva, and F. T. Sheldon, "Computers &
Security Detecting stealthy false data injection attacks in the smart grid using ensemble-
based machine learning," Comput. Secure., vol. 97, p. 101994, 2020, DOI:
10.1016/j.cose.2020.101994.
28. [54] Y. Li and Y. Wang, "Developing graphical detection techniques for maintaining state
estimation integrity against false data injection attack in the integrated electric cyber-physical
system," J. Syst. Archit., vol. 105, no. December 2019, 2020, DOI:
10.1016/j.sysarc.2019.101705.
[55] S. Aoufi, A. Derhab, and M. Guerroumi, "Journal of Information Security and
Applications Survey of false data injection in the smart power grid : Attacks,
countermeasures and challenges," J. Inf. Secure. Appl., vol. 54, p. 102518, 2020, DOI:
10.1016/j.jisa.2020.102518.
[56] X. Liu, L. Che, K. Gao, and Z. Li, "Power System Intra-Interval Operational Security
under False Data Injection Attacks," IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 4997–
5008, 2020, DOI: 10.1109/TII.2019.2954350.
[57] T. Zou, A. S. Bretas, C. Ruben, S. C. Dhulipala, and N. Bretas, "Smart grids cyber-
physical security : Parameter correction model against unbalanced false data injection attacks
☆," Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 187, no. June, p. 106490, 2020, DOI:
10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106490.
[58] X. Li and K. W. Hedman, "Enhancing Power System Cyber-Security with Systematic
Two-Stage Detection Strategy," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 1549–1561,
2020, DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2942333.
[59] M. Attia, S. Mohammed, H. Sedjelmaci, E. Aglzim, and D. Chrenko, "An efficient
Intrusion Detection System against cyber-physical attacks in the smart grid ☆," Comput.
Electr. Eng., vol. 68, no. May, pp. 499–512, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2018.05.006.
[60] S. N. Narayanan, K. Khanna, and B. K. Panigrahi, Security in Smart Cyber-Physical
Systems : A Case Study on Smart Grids and Smart Cars. Elsevier Inc., 2019.
[61] C. Dong, X. Li, W. Jiang, Y. Mu, J. Zhao, and H. Jia, "Cyber-physical modelling
operator and multimodal vibration in the integrated local vehicle-grid electrical system,"
Appl. Energy, vol. 286, no. December 2020, p. 116432, 2021, DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116432.
[62] S. D. Roy and S. Debbarma, "Detection and Mitigation of Cyber-Attacks on AGC
Systems of Low Inertia Power Grid," IEEE Syst. J., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 2023–2031, 2020,
DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2019.2943921.
[63] T. R. Sharafeev, O. V Ju, and A. L. Kulikov, "Cyber-Security Problems in Smart Grid,"
2018 Int. Conf. Ind. Eng. Appl. Manuf., pp. 1–6, 2018.
[64] N. Mhaisen, N. Fetais, and A. Massoud, "Secure smart contract-enabled control of
battery energy storage systems against cyber-attacks," Alexandria Eng. J., vol. 58, no. 4, pp.
1291–1300, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2019.11.001.
29. [65] Y. Liu, H. Qin, Z. Chen, C. Shi, R. Zhang, and W. Chen, "Research on cybersecurity
defence technology of power generation acquisition terminal in new energy plant," Proc. -
IEEE Int. Conf. Energy Internet, ICEI 2019, pp. 25–30, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ICEI.2019.00011.
[66] L. Arnaboldi, R. M. Czekster, C. Morisset, and R. Metere, "Modelling Load-Changing
Attacks in Cyber-Physical Systems," Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci., vol. 353, pp. 39–
60, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.entcs.2020.09.018.
[67] P. Matoušek, O. Ryšavý, M. Grégr, and V. ech Havlena, "Journal of Information Security
and Applications Flow-based monitoring of ICS communication in the smart grid," J. Inf.
Secure. Appl., vol. 54, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.jisa.2020.102535.
[68] V. S. Rajkumar, M. Tealane, and S. Alexandru, "Cyber Attacks on Protective Relays in
Digital Substations and Impact Analysis," IEEE Xplore, 2020.
[69] H. Jia, C. Shao, D. Liu, C. Singh, Y. Ding, and Y. Li, "Operating Reliability Evaluation
of Power Systems with Demand-Side Resources Considering Cyber Malfunctions," IEEE
Access, vol. 8, pp. 87354–87366, 2020, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2992636.
[70] H. He, S. Huang, Y. Liu, and T. Zhang, "International Journal of Electrical Power and
Energy Systems A tri-level optimization model for power grid defence with the consideration
of post-allocated D.G.s against coordinated cyber-physical attacks," Int. J. Electr. Power
Energy Syst., vol. 130, no. March, p. 106903, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.106903.
[71] M. Woodard, K. Marashi, S. Sedigh, and A. R. Hurson, "Survivability evaluation and
importance analysis for cyber-physical smart grids," Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., vol. 210, no.
January, p. 107479, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2021.107479.
[72] L. Li et al., "Cyberattack estimation and detection for cyber-physical power systems R,"
Appl. Math. Comput., vol. 400, p. 126056, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2021.126056.
[73] M. Snehi and A. Bhandari, "Vulnerability retrospection of security solutions for
software-defined Cyber-Physical System against DDoS and IoT-DDoS attacks," Comput.
Sci. Rev., vol. 40, p. 100371, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.cosrev.2021.100371.
[74] Q. Su, S. Li, Y. Gao, X. Huang, and J. Li, "Observer-based detection and reconstruction
of dynamic load altering attack in smart grid," J. Franklin Inst., no. XXXX, 2021, DOI:
10.1016/j.jfranklin.2021.02.008.
[75] A. Sadu, A. Jindal, G. Lipari, F. Ponci, and A. Monti, "Resilient Design of Distribution
Grid Automation System against cyber-physical attacks using Blockchain and Smart
Contract," Blockchain Res. Appl., p. 100010, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100010.
[76] X. Liu, L. Che, K. Gao, and Z. Li, "Power System Intra-Interval Operational Security
under False Data Injection Attacks," IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, vol. P.P., no. c, p. 1,
2020, DOI: 10.1109/TII.2019.2954350.
[77] Kaspersky, "Cyber threats for ICS in Energy in Europe. Object of research," Kaspersky
ICS CERT, pp. 1–11, 2020.
30. [78] H. Jia, C. Shao, S. Member, and D. Liu, "Operating Reliability Evaluation of Power
Systems With Demand-Side Resources Considering Cyber Malfunctions," IEEE Access, vol.
8, 2020, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2992636.
[79] T. Nguyen, S. Wang, and S. Member, "Electric Power Grid Resilience to Cyber
Adversaries : State of the Art," IEEE Access, vol. 8, 2020, DOI:
10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2993233.
[80] H. Ge, D. Yue, X. Xie, C. Dou, and S. Wang, "Security control of cyber-physical system
based on switching approach for intermittent denial-of-service jamming attack," ISA Trans.,
no. XXXX, pp. 1–9, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2019.11.014.
[81] X. Li, K. W. Hedman, and S. Member, "Enhancing Power System Cyber-Security with
Systematic Two-Stage Detection Strategy," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. P.P., no. c, p. 1,
2019, DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2942333.
[82] U. Tatar, H. Bahsi, and A. Gheorghe, "Impact assessment of cyber attacks: A
quantification study on power generation systems," Syst. Syst. Eng. Conf. SoSE, 2016, DOI:
10.1109/SYSOSE.2016.7542959.
31. SECURE BLOCKCHAIN DECENTRALIZED VOTING FOR VERIFIED USERS
Piotr Pospiech, Aleksander Marianski and Michal Kedziora
Department of Computer Science and Management, Wroclaw University of Science and
Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
ABSTRACT
The paper focuses on introducing a decentralized e-voting scheme that uses blockchain to
achieve security and anonymity. A blockchain network based on Ethereum was applied, to
provide a decentralized and distributed database based on the Peer-to-Peer architecture. During
the implementation, smart contracts were used. Thanks to this, it is possible to code the terms of
the contract required to perform the transaction. The proof-of-concept implementation uses the
blind signature protocol and encryption with the RSA algorithm. Presented in this paper scheme
for blockchain decentralized voting is fully implemented and potential issues are analyzed and
discussed.
KEYWORDS
Blockchain, e-voting, Ethereum
For More Details : https://aircconline.com/ijnsa/V13N5/13521ijnsa02.pdf
Volume Link : https://airccse.org/journal/jnsa21_current.html
32. REFERENCES
[1] Li Y. Alvarez R., Levin I. Fraud, convenience, ande-voting: howvotingexperience
shapes opinions about voting technology, May 2018.
[2] Chaum D. Blind signatures for untraceable payments, 1983.
[3] Maaten E. Towards remote e-voting: Estonian case, January 2004.
[4] Akram R. Markantonakis K. Hardwick F., Gioulis A. E-votingwithblockchain: Ane-
voting protocol with decentralization and voter privacy, July 2018.
[5] Chowdhury M. Jabed M. Comparison of e-voting schemes: Estonian and Norwegian
solutions,September 2013.
[6] Wang Q. Liu Y. An e-voting protocol based on blockchain, 2017.
[7] Embele K. Ndu A. Awodola O. Mawutor J., Enofe A. Fraud and performance of deposit
money banks, May 2019.
[8] Nakamoto S. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system, October 2008.
[9] Chen M. Jia C. Liu C. Wang Z. Shao W., Li H. Identifying bitcoin users using deep neural
network,December 2018.
[10] KSHETRI, Nir; VOAS, Jeffrey. Blockchain-enabled e-voting. IEEE Software, 2018,
35.4: 95-99.
[11] Specter, Michael A., James Koppel, and Daniel Weitzner. "The ballot is busted before the
blockchain: A security analysis of voatz, the first internet voting application used in our
federal elections." 29th {USENIX} Security Symposium ({USENIX} Security 20). 2020.
[12] Park, Sunoo, et al. "Going from bad to worse: from internet voting to blockchain voting."
Journal of Cybersecurity 7.1 (2021):
[13] Kedziora, Michal, and Wojciech Wojtysiak. "Practical Analysis of Traceability Problem
in Monero's Blockchain." ENASE. 2020.
[14] Yang, Xuechao, et al. "Blockchain voting: Publicly verifiable online voting protocol
without trusted tallying authorities." Future Generation Computer Systems 112 (2020): 859-
874.
[15] Trojanowska, Natalia, et al. "Secure Decentralized Application Development of
Blockchain-based Games." 2020 IEEE 39th International Performance Computing and
Communications Conference (IPCCC). IEEE, 2020.
[16] Lam, Peter. "From Helios to Voatz: Blockchain Voting and the Vulnerabilities It Opens
For The Future.", 2017
33. [17] Jing H. Zheng Z. Zhang Q., Xu B. Ques-chain: an ethereum based e-voting system, May
2019
[18] Kedziora, Michal, et al. "Anti-Cheat tool for detecting unauthorized user interference in
the unity engine using Blockchain." Data-Centric Business and Applications. Springer,
Cham, 2020. 191-209.
[19] Kedziora, Michal, Patryk Kozlowski, and Piotr Jozwiak. "Security of Blockchain
Distributed Ledger Consensus Mechanism in Context of the Sybil Attack." International
Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent
Systems. Springer, Cham, 2020.
[20] Dimitriou, Tassos. "Efficient, coercion-free and universally verifiable blockchain-based
voting." Computer Networks 174 (2020): 107234
[21] Pospiech, Piotr, Aleksander Marianski, and Michal Kedziora. "Blockchain Decentralized
Voting for Verified Users with a Focus on Anonymity." CS & IT Conference Proceedings.
Vol. 11. No. 8. CS & IT Conference Proceedings, 2021.
34. CONSTRUCTING THE 2-ELEMENT AGDS PROTOCOL BASED ON THE DISCRETE
LOGARITHM PROBLEM
Tuan Nguyen Kim1
, Duy Ho Ngoc2
and Nikolay A. Moldovyan3
1
Faculty of Information Technology - Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
2
Department of Information Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
3
St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.
Petersburg, Russia
ABSTRACT
It is considered a group signature scheme in frame of which different sets of signers sign
electronic documents with hidden signatures and the head of the signing group generates a group
signature of fixed size. A new mechanism for imbedding the information about signers into a
group signature is proposed. The method provides possibilities for reducing the signature size
and to construct collective signature protocols for signing groups. New group signature and
collective signature protocols based on the computational difficulty of discrete logarithm are
proposed.
KEYWORDS
Groupdigital signature, Collective digital signature, difficult computational problems, Signing
group.
For More Details : https://aircconline.com/ijnsa/V13N4/13421ijnsa02.pdf
Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/jnsa21_current.html
35. REFERENCES
[1] Shah F., Patel H.,“A Survey of Digital and Group Signature”, International Journal of
Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.5 Issue.6, P. 274-278, (2016).
[2] Camenisch J.L., Piveteau J.M., Stadler M.A.,“Blind Signatures Based on the Discrete
Logarithm Problem”, Advances in Crypology – EUROCRYPT'94 Proc, Lecture Notes in
Computer Science. Springer Verlang, Vol. 950,P. 428–432, (1995).
[3] Moldovyan A.A., Moldovyan N.A.,“Blind Collective Signature Protocol Based on Discrete
Logarithm Problem”,Int. Journal of Network Security, Vol. 11, No. 2, P. 106–113, (2010).
[4] Qi Su, Wen-Min Li, “Improved Group Signature Scheme Based on Quantum Teleportation”,
International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 53, No. 4, P. 1208, (2016).
[5] Alamélou Q, Blazy O, Cauchie S., Gaborit Ph.,“A code-based group signature scheme”,
Designs, Codes and Cryptography, Vol. 82, No 1-2, P. 469–493, (2017).
[6] San Ling, Khoa Nguyen, Huaxiong Wang, “Group signature from lattices: simpler, tighter,
shorter, ring-based”, Proc. of 18th IACR International Conference on Practice and Theory in
Public-Key Cryptography,P.427-449, (2015).
[7] Moldovyan N.A,“Blind Signature Protocols from Digital Signature Standards”, Int. Journal
of Network Security, Vol. 13, No. 1, P. 22–30, (2011).
[8] Duy H.N., Binh D.V., Minh N.H., Moldovyan N.A. “240-bit collective signature protocol in
a non-cyclic finite group”, 2014 International conference on Advanced Technologies for
Communications (ATC),Hanoi, P. 467 – 470, (2014). (DOI 10.1109/ATC.2014.7043433)
[9] Moldovyan A.A., Moldovyan N.A., “Group signature protocol based on masking public
keys”, Quasigroups and related systems, Vol. 22, P. 133-140, (2014).
[10] Moldovyan N.A., Nguyen Hieu Minh, Dao Tuan Hung, Tran Xuan Kien,“Group
Signature Protocol Based on Collective Signature Protocol and Masking Public Keys
Mechanism”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,
Vol. 6, Issue. 6, P. 1-5, (2016).
[11] Phong Q. Nguyen, Jiang Zhang, Zhenfeng Zhang, “Simpler efficient group signature
from lattices”, Proc. of 18th IACR International Conference on Practice and Theory in
Public-Key Cryptography, P.401-426, (2015).
[12] Berezin A. N., Moldovyan N. A., Shcherbakov V. A.,“Cryptoschemes Based on
Difficulty of Simultaneous Solving Two Different Difficult Problems”, Computer Science
Journal of Moldova, Vol. 21,No.2(62), P. 280-290, (2013).
36. AUTHORS
Tuan Nguyen Kim was born in 1969, received B.E, and M.E from Hue
University of Sciences in 1994, and Hanoi University of Technology in
1998. He has been a lecturer at Hue University since 1996. From 2011 to the
present (2021) he is a lecturer at School of Computer Science, Duy Tan
University, Da Nang, Vietnam. His main research interests include Computer
Network Technology and Information Security.
Duy Ho Ngoc was born in 1982. He received his Ph.D. in Cybersecurity in
2007 from LETI University, St. Petersburg, Russia Federation. He has
authored more than 45 scientific articles in cybersecurity.
Nikolay A. Moldovyan is an honored inventor of Russian Federation
(2002), a laboratory head at St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and
Automation of Russian Academy of Sciences, and a Professor with the St.
Petersburg State Electrotechnical University. His research interests include
computer security and cryptography. He has authored or co-authored more
than 60 inventions and 220 scientific articles, books, and reports. He received
his Ph. D. from the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (1981).
37. EFFECT MAN-IN THE MIDDLE ON THE NETWORK PERFORMANCE IN VARIOUS
ATTACK STRATEGIES
Iyas Alodat
Department of Computer and Information System, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we examined the effect on network performance of the various strategies an
attacker could adopt to launch Man-In The Middle (MITM) attacks on the wireless network,
such as fleet or random strategies. In particular, we're focusing on some of those goals for MITM
attackers - message delay, message dropping. According to simulation data, these attacks have a
significant effect on legitimate nodes in the network, causing vast amounts of infected packets,
end-to-end delays, and significant packet loss.
KEYWORDS
Wireless Network, Mobile Network, security; Man-In-The-Middle Attack; smart cities;
simulation; Intelligent Transportation System; Internet-of-Things.
For More Details : http://aircconline.com/ijnsa/V13N3/13321ijnsa02.pdf
Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/jnsa21_current.html
38. REFERENCES
[1] Burchfiel, J., Tomlinson, R., & Beeler, M. (1975, May). Functions and structure of a packet
radio station. In Proceedings of the May 19-22, 1975, national computer conference and
exposition (pp. 245-251).
[2] Toor, Y., Muhlethaler, P., Laouiti, A., & De La Fortelle, A. (2008). Vehicle ad hoc networks:
Applications and related technical issues. IEEE communications surveys & tutorials, 10(3),
74-88.
[3] Bauwens, J., Jooris, B., Giannoulis, S., Jabandžić, I., Moerman, I., & De Poorter, E. (2019).
Portability, compatibility and reuse of MAC protocols across different IoT radio platforms.
Ad Hoc Networks, 86, 144-153.
[4] Chaqfeh, M.; Lakas, A. A Novel Approach for Scalable Multi-hop Data Dissemination in
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. Ad Hoc Netw. 2016, 37, 228–239
[5] Shi, Y., Ross, A., & Biswas, S. (2018). Source identification of encrypted video traffic in the
presence of heterogeneous network traffic. Computer Communications, 129, 101-110.
[6] Williams, R., Samtani, S., Patton, M., & Chen, H. (2018, November). Incremental hacker
forum exploit collection and classification for proactive cyber threat intelligence: An
exploratory study. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security
Informatics (ISI) (pp. 94-99). IEEE.
[7] Wang, J., Juarez, N., Kohm, E., Liu, Y., Yuan, J., & Song, H. (2019, April). Integration of
SDR and UAS for malicious Wi-Fi hotspots detection. In 2019 Integrated Communications,
Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
[8] Phung, C. V., Dizdarevic, J., Carpio, F., & Jukan, A. (2019, May). Enhancing rest http with
random linear network coding in dynamic edge computing environments. In 2019 42nd
International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and
Microelectronics (MIPRO) (pp. 435-440). IEEE.
[9] AMIR, A. Z. B. (2018). A study on Rogue Wireless Devices with Detection of Mousejack
Attacks and Vulnerabilities.
[10] Vanhoef, M., Bhandaru, N., Derham, T., Ouzieli, I., & Piessens, F. (2018, June).
Operating channel validation: preventing Multi-Channel Man-in-the-Middle attacks against
protected Wi-Fi networks. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Security &
Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks (pp. 34-39).
[11] Chittamuru, S. V. R., Thakkar, I. G., Pasricha, S., Vatsavai, S. S., & Bhat, V. (2020).
Exploiting Process Variations to Secure Photonic NoC Architectures from Snooping Attacks.
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.
[12] Rupprecht, D., Kohls, K., Holz, T., & Pöpper, C. (2019, May). Breaking LTE on layer
two. In 2019 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) (pp. 1121-1136). IEEE.
39. [13] Ullas, S. U., & Sandeep, J. (2019). Reliable Monitoring Security System to Prevent MAC
Spoofing in Ubiquitous Wireless Network. In Advances in Big Data and Cloud Computing
(pp. 141-153). Springer, Singapore.
[14] Maithili, K., Vinothkumar, V., & Latha, P. (2018). Analyzing the security mechanisms to
prevent unauthorized access in cloud and network security. Journal of Computational and
Theoretical Nanoscience, 15(6-7), 2059-2063.
[15] Tochner, S., Zohar, A., & Schmid, S. (2020, October). Route Hijacking and DoS in Off-
Chain Networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Advances in Financial
Technologies (pp. 228-240).
[16] Alharthi, D. N., Hammad, M. M., & Regan, A. C. (2020, March). A taxonomy of social
engineering defense mechanisms. In Future of Information and Communication Conference
(pp. 27-41). Springer, Cham.
[17] Metz, L. A. E. P. (2020). An evaluation of unity ML-Agents toolkit for learning boss
strategies (Doctoral dissertation).
[18] Shringarputale, S., McDaniel, P., Butler, K., & La Porta, T. (2020, November). Co-
residency Attacks on Containers are Real. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC
Conference on Cloud Computing Security Workshop (pp. 53-66).
[19] Xia, W., Cong, W., Wei, Y., & Li, C. (2020). Critical angle of attack and the
corresponding impact cavity for non-circuitous trajectory of water entry of circular cylinder.
Applied Ocean Research, 103, 102322.
[20] Huang, Y., Kuo, H. K., Thomas, S., Kons, Z., Audhkhasi, K., Kingsbury, B., ... &
Picheny, M. (2020, May). Leveraging unpaired text data for training end-to-end speech-to-
intent systems. In ICASSP 2020-2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech
and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (pp. 7984-7988). IEEE.
[21] Verma, S., Hamieh, A., Huh, J. H., Holm, H., Rajagopalan, S. R., Korczynski, M., &
Fefferman, N. (2016, August). Stopping amplified dns ddos attacks through distributed query
rate sharing. In 2016 11th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security
(ARES) (pp. 69-78). IEEE.
[22] A. Guruswamy, R. S. Blum, S. Kishore and M. Bordogna, “On the Optimum Design of
L-Estimators for Phase Offset Estimation in IEEE 1588,” IEEE Transactions on
Communications, Vol. 63 , No. 9, pp. 5101 – 5115, Dec. 2015.
[23] Karthik, A. K., & Blum, R. S. (2016). Estimation theory based robust phase offset
estimation in the presence of delay attacks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.05117.
[24] Tsigkari, D., & Spyropoulos, T. (2020). An approximation algorithm for joint caching
and recommendations in cache networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.08421.
40. [25] Stricot-Tarboton, S.; Chaisiri, S.; Ko, R.K.L. Taxonomy of Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
on HTTPS. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Trustcom/BigDataSE/ISPA, Tianjin, China,
23–26 August 2016; pp. 527–534. [CrossRef]
[26] Chen, Z.; Guo, S.; Duan, R.; Wang, S. Security Analysis on Mutual Authentication
against Man-in-the-Middle Attack. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on
Information Science and Engineering, Nanjing, China, 26–28 December 2009; pp. 1855–
1858. [CrossRef]
[27] Conti, M.; Dragoni, N.; Lesyk, V. A Survey of Man In The Middle Attacks. IEEE
Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2016, 18, 2027–2051. [CrossRef]
[28] Glass, S.M.; Muthukkumarasamy, V.; Portmann, M. Detecting Man-in-the-Middle and
Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Mesh Networks. In Proceedings of the International
Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Bradford, UK, 26–29
May 2009; pp. 530–538.
[29] Kaplanis, C. Detection and Prevention of Man in the Middle Attacks in Wi-Fi
Technology. Master’s Thesis, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, 2015.
41. COLLECTIVE SIGNATURE PROTOCOLS FOR SIGNING GROUPS BASED ON PROBLEM OF
FINDING ROOTS MODULO LARGE PRIME NUMBER
Tuan Nguyen Kim1
, Duy Ho Ngoc2
and Nikolay A. Moldovyan3
1
Faculty of Information Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
2
Department of Information Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
3
St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.
Petersburg, Russia
ABSTRACT
Generally, digital signature algorithms are based on a single difficult computational problem like
prime factorization problem, discrete logarithm problem, elliptic curve problem. There are also
many other algorithms which are based on the hybrid combination of prime factorization
problem and discrete logarithm problem. Both are true for different types of digital signatures
like single digital signature, group digital signature, collective digital signature etc. In this paper
we propose collective signature protocols for signing groups based on difficulty of problem of
finding roots modulo large prime number. The proposed collective signatures protocols have
significant merits one of which is connected with possibility of their practical using on the base
of the existing public key infrastructures.
KEYWORDS
Collective digital signature, group digital signature, signing group, finding roots modulo.
For More Details : https://aircconline.com/ijnsa/V13N4/13421ijnsa05.pdf
Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/jnsa21_current.html
42. REFERENCES
[1] National Institute of Standards and Technology,“Digital Signature Standard”,FIPS
Publication 186-3, (2009).
[2] Chaum D.,“Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments”, Advances in Cryptology: Proc. of
CRYPTO’82, Plenum Press, p. 199–203, (1983).
[3] Camenisch J.L., Piveteau J.-M. and Stadler M.A,“Blind Signatures Based on the Discrete
Logarithm Problem”, In: Advances in Crypology – EUROCRYPT'94 Proc, Lecture Notes in
Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, Vol. 950, 428–432,
(1995).
[4] Minh N. H., Binh D. V., Giang N. T. and Moldovyan N. A. “Blind Signature Protocol Based
on Difficulty of Simultaneous Solving Two Difficult Problems”, Applied Mathematical
Sciences,No.6, 6903–6910, (2012).
[5] Moldovyan N.A, “Blind Signature Protocols from Digital Signature Standards”, Int. Journal
of Network Security,No. 13, 22–30, (2011).
[6] Moldovyan N.A,“Blind Collective Signature Protocol”, Computer Science Journal of
Moldova,No. 19, 80–91, (2011).
[7] Moldovyan N.A. and Moldovyan A.A, “Blind Collective Signature Protocol Based on
Discrete Logarithm Problem”, Int. Journal of Network Security, No.11, 106–113, (2010).
[8] Pieprzyk J., HardjonoTh. and Seberry J.,“Fundamentals of Computer Security”, Springer-
verlag, Berlin, (2003).
[9] Moldovyan A.A. and Moldovyan N.A,“Group signature protocol based on masking public
keys,Quasigroups and related systems, No. 22, 133–140, (2014).
[10] Seetha R. and Saravanan R,“Digital Signature Schemes for group communication: A
Survey”, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, No.11, 4416–4422, (2016).
[11] Enache A.-C,“About Group Digital Signatures”, Journal of Mobile, Embedded and
Distributed Systems, No.IV, 193–202, (2012).
[12] International Standard ISO/IEC 14888-3:2006(E), Information technology –Security
techniques – Digital Signatures with appendix – Part 3: Discrete logarithm based
mechanisms.
[13] GOST R 34.10-2001 and Russian Federation Standard, Information
Technology,“Cryptographic data Security. Produce and check procedures of Electronic
Digital Signature”, Government Committee of the Russia for Standards, (2012).
[14] Rajasree R.S,“Generation of Dynamic Group Digital Signature”, International Journal of
Computer Applications, No.98, 1–5, (2014).
43. [15] Moldovyan N.A., Nguyen Hieu Minh, Dao Tuan Hung and Tran Xuan Kien,“Group
Signature Protocol Based on Collective Signature Protocol and Masking Public Keys
Mechanism”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,
No.6, 1–5, (2016).
[16] Moldovyan N.A,“Digital Signature Scheme Based on a New Hard Problem”, Computer
Science Journal of Moldova, No.16, 163–18, (2008).
44. AUTHORS
Tuan Nguyen Kim was born in 1969, received B.E, and M.E from Hue
University of Sciences in 1994, and Hanoi University of Technology in
1998. He has been a lecturer at Hue University since 1996. From 2011 to the
present (2021) he is a lecturer at School of Computer Science, Duy Tan
University, Da Nang, Vietnam. His main research interests include Computer
Network Technology and Information Security.
Duy Ho Ngoc was born in 1982. He received his Ph.D. in Cybersecurity in
2007 from LETI University, St. Petersburg, Russia Federation. He has
authored more than 45 scientific articles in cybersecurity.
Nikolay A. Moldovyan is an honored inventor of Russian Federation
(2002), a laboratory head at St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and
Automation of Russian Academy of Sciences, and a Professor with the St.
Petersburg State Electrotechnical University. His research interests include
computer security and cryptography. He has authored or co-authored more
than 60 inventions and 220 scientific articles, books, and reports. He received
his Ph. D. from the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (1981).