This document summarizes recent advances in therapies for hairy cell leukemia (HCL). It discusses how purine nucleoside analogs like cladribine and pentostatin were previously the standard first-line treatment for HCL, achieving high response rates. However, many patients eventually relapse. The document then describes several promising new targeted therapies that are being studied for relapsed/refractory HCL, including the immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox, BRAF inhibitors like vemurafenib, and the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating these novel agents to determine their efficacy and safety in treating HCL.
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...JohnJulie1
Approaches are limited for treating advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with multidrug resistance but without ALK and EGFR mutations. Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) brings on unprecedented clinical benefit in various cancer types...
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...NainaAnon
Approaches are limited for treating advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with multidrug resistance but without ALK and EGFR mutations. Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) brings on unprecedented clinical benefit in various cancer types..
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...EditorSara
Approaches are limited for treating advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with multidrug resistance but without ALK and EGFR mutations. Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) brings on unprecedented clinical benefit in various cancer types..
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...daranisaha
This case report describes a chemotherapy-resistant NSCLC patient who did not respond to pembrolizumab therapy. Immunological indicators showed decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells during treatment. Examination of tumor tissue found low CD8+ T cell infiltration and PD-1 expression. Despite two cycles of pembrolizumab, the patient's condition progressed rapidly and he died of respiratory failure after 6 months. The detection of immunological indicators may help predict response to PD-1 antibody therapy.
Here we present a case report of a NSCLC patient had not benefited from Pembrolizumab therapy following chemotherapy. We reviewed the treatment and clinical examination profiles, especially the Immunological indicators. In the ending stage, the patient appeared
pneumonia, respiratory failure, septicemia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and hypoproteinemia.
The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell in peripheral blood were decreased companion the
expression of PD-1. However, the percentage of MDSC (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) was
increased continuously. We also detected the expression of PD-1 on T cell in pleural effusion
that was under the average value of 24 cases and in the tumor site that was the same with the
pleural effusion. Besides the detected CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration was very low. The overall
survival was 6 mouths.
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...semualkaira
Approaches are limited for treating advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with multidrug resistance but without ALK and EGFR mutations. Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) brings on unprecedented clinical benefit in various cancer types.
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...ClinicsofOncology
Approaches are limited for treating advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with multidrug resistance but without ALK and EGFR mutations. Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) brings on unprecedented clinical benefit in various cancer types
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...JohnJulie1
Approaches are limited for treating advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with multidrug resistance but without ALK and EGFR mutations. Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) brings on unprecedented clinical benefit in various cancer types...
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...NainaAnon
Approaches are limited for treating advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with multidrug resistance but without ALK and EGFR mutations. Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) brings on unprecedented clinical benefit in various cancer types..
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...EditorSara
Approaches are limited for treating advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with multidrug resistance but without ALK and EGFR mutations. Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) brings on unprecedented clinical benefit in various cancer types..
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...daranisaha
This case report describes a chemotherapy-resistant NSCLC patient who did not respond to pembrolizumab therapy. Immunological indicators showed decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells during treatment. Examination of tumor tissue found low CD8+ T cell infiltration and PD-1 expression. Despite two cycles of pembrolizumab, the patient's condition progressed rapidly and he died of respiratory failure after 6 months. The detection of immunological indicators may help predict response to PD-1 antibody therapy.
Here we present a case report of a NSCLC patient had not benefited from Pembrolizumab therapy following chemotherapy. We reviewed the treatment and clinical examination profiles, especially the Immunological indicators. In the ending stage, the patient appeared
pneumonia, respiratory failure, septicemia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and hypoproteinemia.
The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell in peripheral blood were decreased companion the
expression of PD-1. However, the percentage of MDSC (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) was
increased continuously. We also detected the expression of PD-1 on T cell in pleural effusion
that was under the average value of 24 cases and in the tumor site that was the same with the
pleural effusion. Besides the detected CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration was very low. The overall
survival was 6 mouths.
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...semualkaira
Approaches are limited for treating advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with multidrug resistance but without ALK and EGFR mutations. Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) brings on unprecedented clinical benefit in various cancer types.
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...ClinicsofOncology
Approaches are limited for treating advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with multidrug resistance but without ALK and EGFR mutations. Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) brings on unprecedented clinical benefit in various cancer types
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...semualkaira
Approaches are limited for treating advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with multidrug resistance but without ALK and EGFR mutations. Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) brings on unprecedented clinical benefit in various cancer types
This document discusses acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), a disorder characterized by severe anemia and absence of erythroblasts in the bone marrow. It reviews treatments for PRCA, including corticosteroids, cyclosporine A, and other immunosuppressive therapies. Cyclosporine A has proven effective at inducing remission in 65-87% of cases, but concerns remain about sustained remission and relapse rates. The document also discusses the importance of evaluating patients for underlying causes of secondary PRCA such as lymphoproliferative disorder of granular lymphocytes.
The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Early Stage Ocular Marginal Zone...daranisaha
To evaluate the benefit of radiotherapy, compared with other treatment in ocular marginal zone lymphoma, retrospectively we analyzed our experience, with the end-points: efficacy, measured for complete response, Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival
Lenalidomide maintenance compared with placebo in responding elderlyravi jaiswal
This randomized phase III trial compared lenalidomide maintenance therapy versus placebo in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who achieved a response to first-line R-CHOP induction therapy. The trial found that lenalidomide maintenance led to a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival compared to placebo, with a median PFS not reached in the lenalidomide arm versus 58.9 months in the placebo arm. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the arms. Lenalidomide maintenance was associated with more grade 3-4 adverse events compared to placebo. The benefit of lenalidomide maintenance was seen across patient subgroups.
This document discusses approaches to personalized cancer therapy. It describes precision medicine as targeting patient subgroups rather than individuals based on genetic markers. The right target, drug or drug combinations, and patient are key to accomplish this. An example is given of a novel CDK4/6 inhibitor being tested in breast cancer subgroups. Another example discusses an anti-CD22 antibody-drug conjugate showing promise for certain lymphomas. The document also outlines molecular subtypes in lung cancer and how targeted therapies like crizotinib have been effective in subsets of patients with genetic alterations like ALK rearrangement.
Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen found on B cells. It works through several mechanisms to induce B cell depletion. It has been used successfully to treat various B cell-mediated diseases with variable levels of response. These include non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, lupus nephritis, and kidney diseases such as membranous nephropathy. It has also been used prior to transplantation to reduce antibody levels and aid transplantation in sensitized patients.
Circulating Tumor Cells and Cell-Free Nucleic Acids as Predictor Factors for ...AnonIshanvi
Pancreatic cancer remains as one of the most aggressive and deadliest of cancers largely due to formidable challenges in diagnosis and therapy. Consensus standard treatment for patients with nonmetastatic Pancreatic Cancer (PC) incorporates possible neoadjuvant chemotherapy with timely surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, despite all the sophistication of modern radiological and endoscopic techniques, the decision regarding operability is often only made intra-operatively, therefore subjecting a patient to unnecessary surgical intervention, and postponing the possibility of starting early chemotherapy.
Research Progress in Chronic Lymphocytic LeukemiaAnonIshanvi
Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell occurs due to genetic alterations and mutation. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the heterogeneous lymphocytic malignancy worldwide that leads to death.
Genetics of Breast and Ovary Cancers Associated with Hereditary Cancers and t...AnonIshanvi
Carriers of the BRCA-1/2 mutation have increased and variable risks of Breast Cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer and vary or are modified by common genetic variants and their incidence genetic testing and risk-reducing surgery has increased, they should receive advice and evaluation by the physician with experience in genetics.
Increased of Protein O-Fucosyl Transferase 1 and 2 Genes Expression in Gastri...AnonIshanvi
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Gastric cancer usually occurs at an advanced age (average ≥ 65 years) and has symptoms similar to gastric ulcers and other gastric infections, its early diagnosis is one of the major problems of this type of cancer. Molecular mechanisms initiate cancer and the molecular changes of normal cells compared to cancer cells are very important. dysfunction of Fucosyl transferase enzymes is associated with gastric cancer.
The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in all areas at the national and international level is undeniable, the aftermath of this “tornado” will be visible for a long time, even when the infection manages to be controlled. Two aspects of great interest to those of us who work in the area of oncology must be considered: on the one hand, the need to contain and control the devastating effects of the disease forced a reorganization in the operation of services, giving priority to COVID, conversion of medical units to hospitals COVID created a high-risk scenario for patients with other types of pathologies; This reorganization includes the allocation of large amounts of budget to COVID areas to the detriment of patients with other types of equally serious diseases - such as cancer, among others - who cannot wait for care in better times.
Meta-Analysis of Lateral Lymph Node Dissection for Mid Lower Rectal Cancer: I...AnonIshanvi
Presence of lateral lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer was originally reported in the 1950s.Lateral lymph node metastasis occurs in 15 to 20% of patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer which escalates likelihood of local recurrence and reduced survival following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and Total Mesolectal Excision (TME).
Analyzing Speech Outcomes in Hemiglossectomy Patients Using Telecare PlatformAnonIshanvi
This study analyzed speech outcomes in 20 patients who underwent hemiglossectomy for tongue cancer and reconstruction using a radial forearm free flap. The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using telemedicine for clinical research during COVID-19 and to analyze factors influencing postoperative speech outcomes. Patients completed speech evaluations remotely with speech language pathologists, assessing range of motion, speech clarity, articulation rate, and a speech handicap questionnaire. Early tumor stage, no radiation therapy, and base of tongue cancer were associated with better speech outcomes, particularly range of motion and clarity. Telemedicine was found to be an effective platform for conducting this clinical research during the pandemic.
Uterine Myoma, Risk Factor and Pathophysiology: A Review ArticleAnonIshanvi
This document reviews uterine myomas (fibroids), including their risk factors and pathophysiology. Some key points:
- Uterine myomas are benign muscle tumors that are common in women of reproductive age. Risk factors include age, family history, ethnicity, obesity, diet, pregnancy history, and smoking.
- The tumors are thought to be sensitive to estrogen and progesterone levels, which may explain why they typically grow during reproductive years and shrink after menopause.
- Cells in uterine myomas have a higher density of estrogen receptors compared to normal uterine muscle cells, and they convert estrogen to weaker forms less efficiently. This creates a relatively hyperestrogenic environment conducive to tumor growth.
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...AnonIshanvi
This document reports on a study that found functional differences between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) isolated from two different stages of breast cancer in a mouse model. CAFs isolated from stage 2 tumors (CAF-II) exhibited higher expression of immune-suppressive enzymes IDO and TGF-β compared to CAFs from stage 4 tumors (CAF-IV), which exhibited higher expression of iNOS and IL-10. This suggests the tumor microenvironments influenced by CAFs differ between cancer stages, which may contribute to varying responses to cancer therapies depending on the stage. Further research is needed to fully understand how CAF functions change during cancer progression and their potential as therapeutic targets at different stages.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
This document discusses principles of cancer screening and summarizes a proposed cancer screening program called CitiScreen. It begins by outlining the Wilson-Jungner criteria for cancer screening approved by the WHO. It then discusses updated screening criteria and reviews the scientific basis for cancer screening through randomized controlled trials and other methods. The document summarizes CitiScreen's goal of comprehensive cancer screening through a combination of technologies and outlines screening patterns for specific cancers like breast, ovarian, lung, and colorectal cancer.
On February 21, 2020, at Codogno Hospital (in the Lodi?s Province, Lombardy, Italy), Italy?s Coronavirus ?patient one? was discovered. In the following week the cases within the Province of Lodi increased exponentially and it was interpreted as a disease cluster originating from the hospital.
COVID-19 is a new strain of Coronaviruses virus declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. While the majority of patients with COVID-19 typically have characteristic respiratory presentations subsequently
Deadenylase Expression in Small Cell Lung Cancer Related To Clinical Characte...AnonIshanvi
Lung cancer is the second common malignancy and the most aggressive cancer worldwide with late diagnosis and poor prognosis. The search for biomarkers that promote early diagnosis and improve therapeutic strategies focuses to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression
Marital Status and Survival in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: The Role of Ma...AnonIshanvi
Despite better understanding of Multiple Myeloma (MM) and the development of novel therapeutic strategies which improved overall survival, MM still remain largely incurable. This warrants a better understanding of socio-demographic factors that may influence disease course and outcomes across MM patient
A 43-Year-Old Male with PCM1-JAK2 Gene Fusion Experienced T-Lymphoblastic Lym...AnonIshanvi
Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms associated with eosinophilia and PCM1-JAK2 is a provisional entity in WHO 2016. Prior case reports have shown quite a few clinical presentations in different patients with this chromosome translocation,characterized by eosinophilia in combination with myelodysplastic/ myeloproliferative neoplasms, acute myeloid leukemia(AML) and rarely, T-lymphoblastic lymphoma(T-LBL) or B-acute
The Role of Immunity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Patient with Pembrolizumab: A ...semualkaira
Approaches are limited for treating advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with multidrug resistance but without ALK and EGFR mutations. Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) brings on unprecedented clinical benefit in various cancer types
This document discusses acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), a disorder characterized by severe anemia and absence of erythroblasts in the bone marrow. It reviews treatments for PRCA, including corticosteroids, cyclosporine A, and other immunosuppressive therapies. Cyclosporine A has proven effective at inducing remission in 65-87% of cases, but concerns remain about sustained remission and relapse rates. The document also discusses the importance of evaluating patients for underlying causes of secondary PRCA such as lymphoproliferative disorder of granular lymphocytes.
The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Early Stage Ocular Marginal Zone...daranisaha
To evaluate the benefit of radiotherapy, compared with other treatment in ocular marginal zone lymphoma, retrospectively we analyzed our experience, with the end-points: efficacy, measured for complete response, Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival
Lenalidomide maintenance compared with placebo in responding elderlyravi jaiswal
This randomized phase III trial compared lenalidomide maintenance therapy versus placebo in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who achieved a response to first-line R-CHOP induction therapy. The trial found that lenalidomide maintenance led to a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival compared to placebo, with a median PFS not reached in the lenalidomide arm versus 58.9 months in the placebo arm. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the arms. Lenalidomide maintenance was associated with more grade 3-4 adverse events compared to placebo. The benefit of lenalidomide maintenance was seen across patient subgroups.
This document discusses approaches to personalized cancer therapy. It describes precision medicine as targeting patient subgroups rather than individuals based on genetic markers. The right target, drug or drug combinations, and patient are key to accomplish this. An example is given of a novel CDK4/6 inhibitor being tested in breast cancer subgroups. Another example discusses an anti-CD22 antibody-drug conjugate showing promise for certain lymphomas. The document also outlines molecular subtypes in lung cancer and how targeted therapies like crizotinib have been effective in subsets of patients with genetic alterations like ALK rearrangement.
Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen found on B cells. It works through several mechanisms to induce B cell depletion. It has been used successfully to treat various B cell-mediated diseases with variable levels of response. These include non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, lupus nephritis, and kidney diseases such as membranous nephropathy. It has also been used prior to transplantation to reduce antibody levels and aid transplantation in sensitized patients.
Similar to Novel Therapies in Hairy Cell Leukemia (6)
Circulating Tumor Cells and Cell-Free Nucleic Acids as Predictor Factors for ...AnonIshanvi
Pancreatic cancer remains as one of the most aggressive and deadliest of cancers largely due to formidable challenges in diagnosis and therapy. Consensus standard treatment for patients with nonmetastatic Pancreatic Cancer (PC) incorporates possible neoadjuvant chemotherapy with timely surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, despite all the sophistication of modern radiological and endoscopic techniques, the decision regarding operability is often only made intra-operatively, therefore subjecting a patient to unnecessary surgical intervention, and postponing the possibility of starting early chemotherapy.
Research Progress in Chronic Lymphocytic LeukemiaAnonIshanvi
Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell occurs due to genetic alterations and mutation. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the heterogeneous lymphocytic malignancy worldwide that leads to death.
Genetics of Breast and Ovary Cancers Associated with Hereditary Cancers and t...AnonIshanvi
Carriers of the BRCA-1/2 mutation have increased and variable risks of Breast Cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer and vary or are modified by common genetic variants and their incidence genetic testing and risk-reducing surgery has increased, they should receive advice and evaluation by the physician with experience in genetics.
Increased of Protein O-Fucosyl Transferase 1 and 2 Genes Expression in Gastri...AnonIshanvi
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Gastric cancer usually occurs at an advanced age (average ≥ 65 years) and has symptoms similar to gastric ulcers and other gastric infections, its early diagnosis is one of the major problems of this type of cancer. Molecular mechanisms initiate cancer and the molecular changes of normal cells compared to cancer cells are very important. dysfunction of Fucosyl transferase enzymes is associated with gastric cancer.
The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in all areas at the national and international level is undeniable, the aftermath of this “tornado” will be visible for a long time, even when the infection manages to be controlled. Two aspects of great interest to those of us who work in the area of oncology must be considered: on the one hand, the need to contain and control the devastating effects of the disease forced a reorganization in the operation of services, giving priority to COVID, conversion of medical units to hospitals COVID created a high-risk scenario for patients with other types of pathologies; This reorganization includes the allocation of large amounts of budget to COVID areas to the detriment of patients with other types of equally serious diseases - such as cancer, among others - who cannot wait for care in better times.
Meta-Analysis of Lateral Lymph Node Dissection for Mid Lower Rectal Cancer: I...AnonIshanvi
Presence of lateral lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer was originally reported in the 1950s.Lateral lymph node metastasis occurs in 15 to 20% of patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer which escalates likelihood of local recurrence and reduced survival following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and Total Mesolectal Excision (TME).
Analyzing Speech Outcomes in Hemiglossectomy Patients Using Telecare PlatformAnonIshanvi
This study analyzed speech outcomes in 20 patients who underwent hemiglossectomy for tongue cancer and reconstruction using a radial forearm free flap. The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using telemedicine for clinical research during COVID-19 and to analyze factors influencing postoperative speech outcomes. Patients completed speech evaluations remotely with speech language pathologists, assessing range of motion, speech clarity, articulation rate, and a speech handicap questionnaire. Early tumor stage, no radiation therapy, and base of tongue cancer were associated with better speech outcomes, particularly range of motion and clarity. Telemedicine was found to be an effective platform for conducting this clinical research during the pandemic.
Uterine Myoma, Risk Factor and Pathophysiology: A Review ArticleAnonIshanvi
This document reviews uterine myomas (fibroids), including their risk factors and pathophysiology. Some key points:
- Uterine myomas are benign muscle tumors that are common in women of reproductive age. Risk factors include age, family history, ethnicity, obesity, diet, pregnancy history, and smoking.
- The tumors are thought to be sensitive to estrogen and progesterone levels, which may explain why they typically grow during reproductive years and shrink after menopause.
- Cells in uterine myomas have a higher density of estrogen receptors compared to normal uterine muscle cells, and they convert estrogen to weaker forms less efficiently. This creates a relatively hyperestrogenic environment conducive to tumor growth.
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...AnonIshanvi
This document reports on a study that found functional differences between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) isolated from two different stages of breast cancer in a mouse model. CAFs isolated from stage 2 tumors (CAF-II) exhibited higher expression of immune-suppressive enzymes IDO and TGF-β compared to CAFs from stage 4 tumors (CAF-IV), which exhibited higher expression of iNOS and IL-10. This suggests the tumor microenvironments influenced by CAFs differ between cancer stages, which may contribute to varying responses to cancer therapies depending on the stage. Further research is needed to fully understand how CAF functions change during cancer progression and their potential as therapeutic targets at different stages.
Linitis plastica is a diffuse form of gastric cancer and accounts for about 10% of all cases of gastric malignancy and its exact general population distribution is unknown. There are no characteristic or specific symptoms, the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of stomach cancer and can manifest as a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss, and progressive dysphagia [1]. Plastic linitisis characterized by malignant glandular proliferation of cricoid cells in the fibrous stroma, which ultimately leads to thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall.
This document discusses principles of cancer screening and summarizes a proposed cancer screening program called CitiScreen. It begins by outlining the Wilson-Jungner criteria for cancer screening approved by the WHO. It then discusses updated screening criteria and reviews the scientific basis for cancer screening through randomized controlled trials and other methods. The document summarizes CitiScreen's goal of comprehensive cancer screening through a combination of technologies and outlines screening patterns for specific cancers like breast, ovarian, lung, and colorectal cancer.
On February 21, 2020, at Codogno Hospital (in the Lodi?s Province, Lombardy, Italy), Italy?s Coronavirus ?patient one? was discovered. In the following week the cases within the Province of Lodi increased exponentially and it was interpreted as a disease cluster originating from the hospital.
COVID-19 is a new strain of Coronaviruses virus declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. While the majority of patients with COVID-19 typically have characteristic respiratory presentations subsequently
Deadenylase Expression in Small Cell Lung Cancer Related To Clinical Characte...AnonIshanvi
Lung cancer is the second common malignancy and the most aggressive cancer worldwide with late diagnosis and poor prognosis. The search for biomarkers that promote early diagnosis and improve therapeutic strategies focuses to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression
Marital Status and Survival in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: The Role of Ma...AnonIshanvi
Despite better understanding of Multiple Myeloma (MM) and the development of novel therapeutic strategies which improved overall survival, MM still remain largely incurable. This warrants a better understanding of socio-demographic factors that may influence disease course and outcomes across MM patient
A 43-Year-Old Male with PCM1-JAK2 Gene Fusion Experienced T-Lymphoblastic Lym...AnonIshanvi
Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms associated with eosinophilia and PCM1-JAK2 is a provisional entity in WHO 2016. Prior case reports have shown quite a few clinical presentations in different patients with this chromosome translocation,characterized by eosinophilia in combination with myelodysplastic/ myeloproliferative neoplasms, acute myeloid leukemia(AML) and rarely, T-lymphoblastic lymphoma(T-LBL) or B-acute
Stereotactic Radiation Therapy of Lung Cancers and Subsequent Parenchymal Alt...AnonIshanvi
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is one of the standard radical treatments in stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and an option for lung metastases. The pulmonary parenchymal CT alterations at 3, 6 and 12 months are the object of a prospective analysis in patients submitted to SBRT, to define factors affecting the different radiological alteration
Hypoparathyroidism - Not Only after StrumectomyUnusual Presentations of the R...AnonIshanvi
Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is an endocrine disease with low calcium and inappropriately low (insufficient) circulating PTH levels. HypoPT may have an autoimmune pathogenesis, however, the most common causes of chronic HypoPT are iatrogenic: mostly thyroid or parathyroid surgery. Much less frequently HypoPT...
Higher Rates of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Gastric Intestinal Metaplas...AnonIshanvi
The rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is higher in minority patients in the United States [1]. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is associated with H. pylori infection and carries an increased risk for gastric cancer over time, in particular for patients from regions of high gastric cancer incidence [2]
Critical Role of PET-Scan in Unravelling the Dual Pathology- Review of Litera...AnonIshanvi
Simultaneous presentation of two lymphatic haematological malignancies is extremely rare. Adequate and optimal diagnostic steps including various imaging techniques and histopathological biopsies are required unpin the exact diagnoses to be able to deliver the best management strategies
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
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Novel Therapies in Hairy Cell Leukemia
1. Novel Therapies in Hairy Cell Leukemia
Tadeusz Robak*
Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
Volume 1 Issue 5- 2018
Received Date: 15 July 2018
Accepted Date: 31 Aug 2018
Published Date: 01 Sep 2018
1. Editorial
Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) is a rare subtype of B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia which was
first described by Bertha Bouroncle in 1958 [1]. The annual incidence of HCL is approximately
0.3 cases per 100,000 and the disease comprises 2-3% of all leukaemia’s in the Western world
[2,3]. Its diagnosis is based on the identifying the distinctive morphology of hairy cells, and eval-
uating bone marrow histology and immunological profile (CD19+, CD20+, CD11c+, CD25+,
CD103+, CD123+, CD200+, CD27-, and light chain restriction) [4,5]. HCL cells have strong
positivity for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) [5]. In addition, molecular studies
have shown that almost all cases of HCL are associated with a point mutation in the signalling
protein BRAF (V600E) [6]. The disease usually has an indolent course, and some patients with
asymptomatic disease do not require therapy until progression. The first active agent for HCL
was interferon-a (IFN-a), which can produce a Complete Response (CR) in approximately 10%
of HCL patients and a Partial Response (PR) in the majority of the remainder [7]. Although its
use in the treatment of HCL is currently limited, IFN-α may still have a place in treating HCL
in patients who are pregnant or are highly neutropenic. Otherwise, Purine Nucleoside Analogs
(PNA), cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, 2-CdA) and pentostatin (deoxycoformycin, DCF)
have become gold standards in the treatment of this disease [8]. Piro et al. [9] were the first to
describe sustained CR in HCL patients who had undergone splenectomy and received a single
continuous intravenous infusion of 2-CdA for seven days [9]. Further multiple studies on larger
groups of patients have demonstrated that 2-CdA induces durable and unmaintained CR in
about 80% of patients after a single course of therapy [10-12]. Cladribine is administered either
as a continuous i.v. infusion at a dose of 0.09 mg/kg over a five- to seven-day period, once a week
for six weeks. Similar results were achieved when the drug was given as subcutaneous injection.
A 1984 study by Spiers et al. [13] first demonstrated that pentostatin is also a highly active agent
in HCL [13], and since then, a randomized study found that pentostatin produced higher CR
and PR rates than IFN-a with more durable responses in HCL [14]. Purine nucleoside analogs
are well tolerated in HCL, especially when neutropenia is not severe or there is no history of life-
threatening infections. Myelosuppression is the main toxicity and may require delays in planned
chemotherapy schedule. Purine nucleoside analogs dramatically improved the outcome of HCL,
achieving 10-year OS rates close to 90%. Cladribine and pentostatin seem to induce similar high
response rates but only a large randomized trial with the two agents will be able to evaluate the
CR rates, duration of response, recurrence rates and adverse events that have appeared to be
comparable so far [15,16]. Nevertheless, cladribine affords the convenience of a single course of
administration.
Although purine nucleoside analogs are still recommended as first line therapy for HCL, pa-
tients treated with PNAs do still relapse and the OS curves have not yet reached a plateau, sug-
gesting that a cure remains elusive. Purine nucleoside analogs are also effective in re-induction
therapy; however, novel therapies are needed for many patients who ultimately relapse or go on
Clinics of Oncology
Citation: Tadeusz Robak, Novel Therapies in Hairy Cell Leukemia. Clinics of Oncology. 2018; 1(5): 1-4.
United Prime Publications: http://unitedprimepub.com
*Corresponding Author (s): Tadeusz Robak, Department of Hematology, Medical Uni-
versity of Lodz, Poland, Tel: +48 42 689-51-91; Fax: + 48 42 689-51-92; E-mail: robak-
tad@csk.umed.lodz.pl
Short Communication
3. doses of BRAF inhibitors and treatment duration against HCL.
Ibrutinib (PCI-32765, IMBRUVICA®, Pharmacyclics, Janssen)
is an inhibitor of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK), which also
demonstrates antitumor activity in HCL. Sivina et al. report that
ibrutinib reduces the survival and proliferation of HCL cells in
vitro [37]. Other encouraging results are presented by Jones et al.,
who report the preliminary data obtained by a study of 13 pa-
tients undergoing a median of four (range: 1-11) prior therapies:
eleven relapsed, one untreated and one with HCL-variant [38].
The presented data concerning the initial dose 420mg/day cohort
found an overall response rate of 46% including one MRD-nega-
tive CR and five partial responses. Four additional patients have
since experienced clinical benefit and continue on treatment. At a
median follow-up of 14.5 months, nine patients (69%) remained
progression-free on treatment with ibrutinib, and responses have
improved with continued treatment. Grade 3/4 adverse effects in-
cluded hypophosphatemia (30%), neutropenia (23%) and infec-
tions (23%). In conclusion, in the coming years, new agents will
probably replace standard therapy of HCL, especially for patients
who have suboptimal results after treatment with PNAs. For these
patients, novel therapies, especially those based around immuno-
toxins and BRAF inhibitors, show promising results.
2. Acknowledgment
We thank Edward Lowczowski from the Medical University of
Lodz for editorial assistance This work was supported in part by
grant funding from the Medical University of Lodz, Poland: No.
503/1-093-01/503-11-004
3. Declaration of interest
The author has no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to
the content of this article.
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United Prime Publications: http://unitedprimepub.com 4
Volume 1 Issue 5 -2018 Short Communication