This document provides guidelines for constructing non-standardized tests, including essay questions, short answer questions, and multiple choice questions. It discusses general guidelines like arranging questions from easy to difficult and avoiding ambiguous questions. It also outlines specific steps in test construction, such as selecting objectives, assigning weightage, and preparing a blueprint. The document provides rules and merits of different question types, with a focus on writing multiple choice questions with clear stems and plausible distractors. It emphasizes objectivity and efficiency in scoring tests.

1. SEMINAR
ON
NON STANDARDISED TEST
NIRMAL RAJ.S
MSc(N) I YEAR
COLLEGE OF NURSING
MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE

2. INTRODUCTION

8. s

14. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR
CONSTRUCTING TEST ITEMS
• Test Should Be Made Easy To Difficult Or Periodically
• All Items Of The Same Type Should Be Together
• Don’t Use More Than Two Items Types
• For Elementary Students Use One Item Type
• Title The Test And Each Section
• Arrange the correct alternatives for MCQ
• Avoid ambiguous, trick or trivial questions
• List Items In A Systematic Order

15. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS IN TEST
CONSTRUCTION
To be conducted in the context of time and frequency
To be determined how many questions have to be included in the test
To be determined what types of questions have to be used in the test
To be determined which question have to be constructed
To be determined the level of difficulty should be decided at the beginning
cont…

16. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS IN TEST
CONSTRUCTION
To determined if any correction has to be carried out
Format and type of printing should be decided in advance
To be determined what should be then passing score
To control the personal biasis of the examiner, there should be a
central evolution
Rule book should be prepared before the evalution of the scripts

17. Steps in construction of the test
STEP –I • Selection of teaching objectives for measurement
STEP – II • Assigning weightage to selected objectives
STEP-III • Weightage to content
STEP –IV
• Giving weightage to the type of items

18. Steps in construction of the test
STEP-V • Determining alternatives
STEP –VI
• Division of sections
STEP-VII
• Estimation of time
STEP-VIII
• Preparation of the blue print
STEP-XI
• Preparation of score key

26. OTHER ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS

27. Rules for constructing essay items
Require all examines to answer same questions
Ask to use knowledge in novel situation
Ask specific and focused
Ensure reasonable coverage of the course
Follow the test specifications in writing prompts
Formulate in clear task to be performed
Provide ample time for answering
Indicate point value for each question

28. Guidelines for essay type questions
• Clear define the intended learning outcome
• Avoid using essay for intended learning outcome
• Define the task and shape the problem situation
• Specify the relative point value & approximate time limit
• State the criteria for grading
• Avoid use of optional questions

29. Guidelines for essay type questions
• Improve the essay questions through, preview and review
A, Predict The Student Response
B, Write A Model Answer
C, Ask A Knowledgeable Collegue To Critically Review The Essay
Question
D, Review Student Response To The Essay Question

30. Uses of essay type questions
 To assess the student’s understanding of subjet matter
 To assess the higher order of thinking skills
 To assess the students’ ability to construct rather than to select
answer
 Teacher has sufficient resources to help to score the student
responses
 Group to be tested is small
 It should be clear, unambiguous and precise
 Essay squestions should be in layers

33. Short answer type questions
Defination
• Short answer items require th examine to respond to the item with a
word, short pharase, number or a a symbol
- (Anthony J. Nitko)
A short answer test items to test the knowledge by aking student to
supply a word,pharase or a number that answer a question of a
complete a sentence
-(R Eble et al,1986)

34. Forms of short answer
Question
form
Completion
form
Association
form

39. ANATOMY OF A MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEM
COMPONENTS :
The stem
The
alternatives

40. • Charactersistics
1.Single correct answer
2. Best answer form
3. Multiple response form
4.Combined response form
5. Multiple true-false

41. Rules for writing multiple choice
questions
1. Use of plausible distracters(wrong-response options)
2. Use of question format
3. Emphasize higher- level thinking
4. Keep option lengths similar
5. Balance the placement of the correct answer
6. Be grammatically correct
7. Avoid clues to the correct answer
cont….

42. Rules for writing multiple choice
questions
8. Give clear instructions
9. Avoid the ‘all the above’ option
10. Avoid the ‘ none of the above’option
11. Avoid negative questions
12.Use only one correct option
13. Don’t use MC Questions when other item types are more appropriate
14. Use only a single, clearly- defined problem and include the main idea
in the questions

43. Merits of multiple choice questions
 It Measure from the most elementary knowledge level to the most
complex level
 It Scored entirely objectively, quickly, and accurately by machines, clerks
 It can be written in several forms which provide opptourtinies
for measuring
 They reduce the effect of guessing because there are three or four choices
 They are objective in scoring because the key of the correct answer is
prepared along with test

44. GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTING MCQ
Construct each item to assess a single written
Base each item on a specific problem stated clearly
State the stem in positive form
Word the alternatives clearly and concisely
Keep the alternatives homogenous in content
Keep the alternatives free from clues as to which response is correct
Avoid the alternatives ‘all of the above’
cont ….

45. GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTING MCQ
Use as many functional distracters as are feasible
Include one and only one correct or clearly best answer in each item
Layout the items in a clear and consistent manner
Proper use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling
Avoid using unnecessarily difficult vocabulary
Analyze the effectiveness of each item after each administration of
the test

46. ADVANTAGES OF MCQ
Versatility
Validity
Reliability
Efficiency

49. CONCLUSION

50. THANK YOU