Noise pollution comes from machines, transport, and propagation systems and can negatively impact human and animal health. It is a worldwide problem, especially in urban areas and low-income neighborhoods. For humans, noise pollution is associated with cardiovascular disease, high stress, sleep issues, and cognitive decline. Prolonged exposure can also cause hearing loss. In animals, noise disrupts communication, navigation, breeding, and predator/prey detection, increasing mortality. It also contributes to hearing loss. Underwater noise pollution similarly harms marine life and ecosystems.

1. Noise pollution
INTRODUCTION
Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with
ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them harmful to a degree. The source of
outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport, and propagation systems.Poor urban
planning may give rise to noise disintegration or pollution, side-by-side industrial and residential buildings
can result in noise pollution in the residential areas. Some of the main sources of noise in residential
areas include loud music, transportation(traffic, rail, airplanes, etc.), lawn care maintenance, construction,
electrical generators, wind turbines, explosions, and people. Documented problems associated with noise
in urban environments go
back as far asoday, the average noise level of 98 (dB) exceeds the WHO
value of 50 dB allowed for residential areas.Research suggests that noise
pollution in the United States is the in low-income and racial minority
neighborhoods,and noise pollution associated with household electricity
generators is an emerging environmental degradation in many developing
nations.High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects in humans
and an increased incidence of coronary artery disease.[7][8] In animals,
noise can increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection
and avoidance, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent hearing loss.[9] A
substantial amount of the noise that humans produce occurs in the ocean. Up until recently, most
research on noise impacts has been focused on marine mammals, and to a lesser degree, fish.[10][11] In

2. Noise Pollution Effect on Health
1.Humans
Noise pollution affects both health and behavior. Unwanted sound (noise) can damage physiological
health. Noise pollution is associated with several health conditions, including cardiovascular disorders,
hypertension, high stress levels, tinnitus, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful and disturbing
effects.According to a 2019 review of the existing literature, noise pollution was associated with faster
cognitive decline.Across Europe, according to the European Environment Agency, it estimated 113 million
people
are affected by road traffic noise levels above 55 decibels, the
threshold at which noise becomes harmful to human health by
the WHO’s definition.Sound becomes unwanted when it either
interferes with normal activities such as sleep or conversation, or disrupts or diminishes one’s quality of
life.[18] Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by prolonged exposure to noise levels above 85 A-
weighted decibels.[19] A comparison of Maaban tribesmen, who were insignificantly exposed to
transportation or industrial noise, to a typical U.S. Population showed that chronic exposure to moderately
high levels of environmental noise contributes to hearing loss.

3. 2. Wildlife
Sound is the primary way many marine organisms learn about their environment. For example, many species of marine mammals and fish use sound as
their primary means of navigating, communicating, and foraging.[28] Anthropogenic noise can have a detrimental effect on animals, increasing the risk of
death by changing the delicate balance in predator or prey detection[29] and avoidance, and interfering with the use of the sounds in communication,
especially in relation to reproduction, and in navigation and echolocation.[30] These effects then may alter more interactions within a community through
indirect (“domino”) effects.[31] Acoustic overexposure can lead to temporary or permanent loss of hearing.
European robins living in urban environments are more likely to sing at night in places with high levels of noise pollution during the day, suggesting that
they sing at night because it is quieter, and their message can propagate through the environment more clearly.[32] The same study showed that daytime
noise was a stronger predictor of nocturnal singing than night-time light pollution, to which the phenomenon often is attributed. Anthropogenic noise
reduced the species richness of birds found in Neotropical urban parks.[33]
Zebra finches become less faithful to their partners when exposed to traffic noise. This could alter a population’s evolutionary trajectory by selecting traits,
sapping resources normally devoted to other activities and thus leading to profound genetic and evolutionary consequences.[34]
Underwater noise pollution due to human activities is also prevalent in the sea, and given that sound travels faster through water than through air, is a
major source of disruption of marine ecosystems and does significant harm to sea life, including marine mammals, fish and invertebrates.[35][36]