The heat wave in Australia, especially New South Wales and western NSW, was causing many deaths from heat apoplexy. Over 125 deaths had occurred in NSW so far, with Bourke contributing 40 deaths. The intense heat was seriously affecting farmers, graziers, and daily life and business. Temperatures over 110 degrees Fahrenheit were being regularly recorded across the affected areas.
The document summarizes temperature readings from across New South Wales during a major heat wave. It reports that Menindie recorded the highest temperature of the summer so far at 118 degrees. It also notes that Bourke previously recorded 127 degrees in January 1877, the highest temperature on record for NSW. The summary includes temperature readings from over 30 locations throughout NSW from the heat wave, with most reporting temperatures over 100 degrees. It notes there was a general drop in temperatures the following day.
This article summarizes the extreme heat experienced in Perth and Fremantle, Western Australia in early January 1896:
- On Friday, the temperature in Perth reached a record high of 112 degrees, and two deaths were attributed to the heat. The weather was hot through Saturday as well, with a high of 109 degrees.
- Dr. Spencer noted that typhoid patients at the hospital suffered severely in the hot weather, and attributed two recent typhoid deaths to the heat. Two cases of heat apoplexy were also brought to the hospital.
- Hundreds of residents in Fremantle were unable to sleep indoors due to the heat on Thursday night, and sought relief by sleeping outdoors or at the beach
Special Climate Statement - Australian Heatwave 23 Nov09 A Prolonged Sprin...Christina Parmionova
ย
This document summarizes an exceptional prolonged heatwave that affected large parts of central and southeastern Australia in November 2009. Temperatures were well above average from November 7-15, with some relief on November 16-17 before hot conditions returned until around November 20-22. Many locations set records for consecutive days above temperature thresholds. By November 23rd, average temperatures for the month were running far above normal over large areas, with some locations potentially exceeding all-time monthly temperature records. The heatwave established records for longevity and intensity across many parts of South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales.
Hurricane Katrina formed over the Bahamas in late August 2005 and strengthened to a Category 5 storm as it approached the Gulf Coast of the United States. It made landfall on August 29th near New Orleans as a Category 3 storm, causing devastating wind damage, heavy rainfall, and a catastrophic storm surge. The failure of levee systems in New Orleans resulted in more than 80% of the city being flooded, with some areas under 6 meters of water. Over 1,800 people lost their lives and property damage was estimated at $81 billion, making Katrina the costliest hurricane in U.S. history.
This document summarizes a history of flash flooding events in Boscastle, Cornwall and surrounding areas in the UK dating back to the 18th century. It notes several major flooding events that caused significant damage, including in 1827, 1847, 1952 and most recently in 2004 when over 1,000 residents and visitors were affected in Boscastle. The 2004 flooding was described as the largest peacetime rescue in British history, with 58 properties flooded and thousands of pounds needed for infrastructure repairs. While views on climate change conflict, the document acknowledges climate is changing and instances of severe storms and floods are expected to increase.
The Critical Decade 2013: Influence of climate change on extreme weather eventsClimateCommission
ย
The document summarizes how climate change is influencing extreme weather events in Australia. It notes that climate change is causing the atmosphere and oceans to warm, trapping more heat. This is exacerbated extreme weather like heatwaves, droughts, and bushfires. Records for heat were broken during Australia's Angry Summer in 2013. Climate change also influences coastal flooding by raising sea levels and affects rainfall patterns and flooding. The conclusion is that the current decade is critical for taking action on climate change to limit its impacts on future generations.
This document summarizes a study analyzing the taphonomy of fossil specimens of Isisfordia duncani, a basal eusuchian crocodyliform from the Lower Cretaceous Winton Formation in central-west Queensland, Australia. The researchers documented taphonomic characteristics of I. duncani specimens and compared them to decay patterns in juvenile crocodiles to determine if the fossils represent animals that died in the depositional environment (autochthonous) or were transported (parautochthonous or allochthonous). They found little weathering or abrasion, and disarticulated elements near articulated skeletons, suggesting minimal transport. Most specimens were classified as autochthonous
The document summarizes temperature readings from across New South Wales during a major heat wave. It reports that Menindie recorded the highest temperature of the summer so far at 118 degrees. It also notes that Bourke previously recorded 127 degrees in January 1877, the highest temperature on record for NSW. The summary includes temperature readings from over 30 locations throughout NSW from the heat wave, with most reporting temperatures over 100 degrees. It notes there was a general drop in temperatures the following day.
This article summarizes the extreme heat experienced in Perth and Fremantle, Western Australia in early January 1896:
- On Friday, the temperature in Perth reached a record high of 112 degrees, and two deaths were attributed to the heat. The weather was hot through Saturday as well, with a high of 109 degrees.
- Dr. Spencer noted that typhoid patients at the hospital suffered severely in the hot weather, and attributed two recent typhoid deaths to the heat. Two cases of heat apoplexy were also brought to the hospital.
- Hundreds of residents in Fremantle were unable to sleep indoors due to the heat on Thursday night, and sought relief by sleeping outdoors or at the beach
Special Climate Statement - Australian Heatwave 23 Nov09 A Prolonged Sprin...Christina Parmionova
ย
This document summarizes an exceptional prolonged heatwave that affected large parts of central and southeastern Australia in November 2009. Temperatures were well above average from November 7-15, with some relief on November 16-17 before hot conditions returned until around November 20-22. Many locations set records for consecutive days above temperature thresholds. By November 23rd, average temperatures for the month were running far above normal over large areas, with some locations potentially exceeding all-time monthly temperature records. The heatwave established records for longevity and intensity across many parts of South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales.
Hurricane Katrina formed over the Bahamas in late August 2005 and strengthened to a Category 5 storm as it approached the Gulf Coast of the United States. It made landfall on August 29th near New Orleans as a Category 3 storm, causing devastating wind damage, heavy rainfall, and a catastrophic storm surge. The failure of levee systems in New Orleans resulted in more than 80% of the city being flooded, with some areas under 6 meters of water. Over 1,800 people lost their lives and property damage was estimated at $81 billion, making Katrina the costliest hurricane in U.S. history.
This document summarizes a history of flash flooding events in Boscastle, Cornwall and surrounding areas in the UK dating back to the 18th century. It notes several major flooding events that caused significant damage, including in 1827, 1847, 1952 and most recently in 2004 when over 1,000 residents and visitors were affected in Boscastle. The 2004 flooding was described as the largest peacetime rescue in British history, with 58 properties flooded and thousands of pounds needed for infrastructure repairs. While views on climate change conflict, the document acknowledges climate is changing and instances of severe storms and floods are expected to increase.
The Critical Decade 2013: Influence of climate change on extreme weather eventsClimateCommission
ย
The document summarizes how climate change is influencing extreme weather events in Australia. It notes that climate change is causing the atmosphere and oceans to warm, trapping more heat. This is exacerbated extreme weather like heatwaves, droughts, and bushfires. Records for heat were broken during Australia's Angry Summer in 2013. Climate change also influences coastal flooding by raising sea levels and affects rainfall patterns and flooding. The conclusion is that the current decade is critical for taking action on climate change to limit its impacts on future generations.
This document summarizes a study analyzing the taphonomy of fossil specimens of Isisfordia duncani, a basal eusuchian crocodyliform from the Lower Cretaceous Winton Formation in central-west Queensland, Australia. The researchers documented taphonomic characteristics of I. duncani specimens and compared them to decay patterns in juvenile crocodiles to determine if the fossils represent animals that died in the depositional environment (autochthonous) or were transported (parautochthonous or allochthonous). They found little weathering or abrasion, and disarticulated elements near articulated skeletons, suggesting minimal transport. Most specimens were classified as autochthonous
This document describes a new species of small coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur discovered in South Africa, named Nqwebasaurus thwazi. The fossil consists of an articulated but partially incomplete skeleton found in Early Cretaceous rocks. Key details include that it has an elongate hand with a partially opposable first finger, a slender foot with a reduced fourth metatarsal, and stomach stones preserved in the abdominal region. As one of the most complete Early Cretaceous theropods described from Africa, Nqwebasaurus helps extend the record of coelurosaurians in Gondwana by around 50 million years, suggesting they achieved a global distribution early in their evolution
This document describes a new species of oviraptorid dinosaur discovered in southern China. Key details include:
1) The new species, named Ganzhousaurus nankangensis, is based on a partial skeleton found in the Upper Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation in Jiangxi Province, China.
2) G. nankangensis can be distinguished from other oviraptorids based on a combination of primitive and derived skeletal features, such as a relatively shallow dentary and a twisted dentary process.
3) A phylogenetic analysis places G. nankangensis within Oviraptoridae along with other genera like Oviraptor and Citipati
This document describes a new species of duck-billed dinosaur, Gonkoken nanoi, found in subantarctic Chile. The fossils were discovered in a bonebed of multiple individuals dating to the early Maastrichtian period. Unlike other duck-billed dinosaurs described from Patagonia, G. nanoi is not a hadrosaurid but instead belongs to an older lineage of duck-billed dinosaurs that diverged before the origin of hadrosaurids. This suggests that the ancestors of G. nanoi arrived in South America earlier and inhabited regions further south than hadrosaurids, including areas that hadrosaurids may never have reached like subantarctic Chile. The discovery provides new insights into
1) The document challenges the conclusion that the Denisova hominin derived from a migration out of Africa around 1 million years ago that was distinct from the ancestors of Neanderthals and modern humans.
2) It argues that alternative interpretations are possible, such as hominin dispersals within Eurasia in the Early Pleistocene from sources in southern refugia during interglacial periods. Dispersals may have occurred westward from populations like those at Yunxian, China after 1 million years ago.
3) It also challenges the assumption that Homo heidelbergensis left Africa between 500,000-300,000 years ago, introducing the Acheulean technology to Europe and
This document discusses recent advances in understanding the timing and role of Deccan volcanic eruptions in relation to the KT mass extinction event 65 million years ago. Key points include:
1) Eruptions occurred in three phases, with the largest ("phase 2") occurring in Chron 29r near the end of the Cretaceous period and accounting for around 80% of the 3,500m thick Deccan lava pile.
2) The KT boundary and mass extinction has been identified in marine microfossil-bearing sediments between the phase 2 and 3 lava flows, indicating volcanic activity continued past the extinction.
3) New evidence suggests the Chicxulub impact predated the KT
Tweets sent to Google via embed tweet.pptxBraydenStoch2
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This document discusses Dimetrodon grandis, a synapsid that lived millions of years before dinosaurs. While it is often mistaken for a dinosaur, Dimetrodon belongs to the synapsids. The document also mentions that fossils provide scientific data about the past and mentions two specific prehistoric creatures: Acrocanthosaurus and a bird-like creature called Archaeopteryx.
Demandasaurus darwini, a new medium-sized rebbachisaurid sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Spain, is described based on an associated partial skeleton. It possesses nine autapomorphies in its teeth and vertebrae that distinguish it from other rebbachisaurids. Phylogenetic analysis places Demandasaurus as the sister taxon to Nigersaurus from Africa, supporting sporadic dinosaur dispersal between Europe and Africa during the Early Cretaceous. The discovery of Demandasaurus provides further evidence of rebbachisaurid biogeographic connections between Europe and Gondwana.
This document discusses body size estimates for several dinosaurs from the Cretaceous period in South America. It finds that the sauropod Argentinosaurus huinculensis was the largest land animal identified to date at over 73 tonnes. Another sauropod, Antarctosaurus giganteus, was nearly as large at 69 tonnes. In contrast, the sauropod Amargasaurus cazaui was much smaller at only 2.5 tonnes. For theropods, the estimates find Giganotosaurus carolinii may have been the largest theropod ever at over 8 tonnes, surpassing Tyrannosaurus rex.
A iPhone 14 would be good for documents.pptxBraydenStoch2
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The document discusses plans to purchase 14 Apple MacBooks and a second iPhone in the future. The second iPhone will have internet access but no contacts and will only be connected to the laptops, with a new phone number used only for PDF documents.
05 Jun 1937 - _Girdle Of Fire_ Round Pacific Ocean.pdfBraydenStoch2
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New Guinea lies on a line of weakness in the earth's crust that is part of a chain of volcanic islands stretching from the Mediterranean through Southeast Asia and linking up with the ring of volcanic activity around the Pacific Ocean. This ring extends from the Antarctic to Alaska, down through South America. Volcanic activity results from weaknesses in the earth's crust, and New Guinea specifically lies at the intersection of weakness lines coming from the Mediterranean and in the Pacific. A recent eruption in Rabaul could potentially cause small new islands to form, as occurred after the massive 1883 eruption of Krakatoa volcano between Java and Sumatra.
Geologists believe that new continents are forming under the oceans. Father Joseph Lynch, a geophysicist at Fordham University, has a highly sensitive seismology lab that can detect earthquakes from around the world. He believes that a new continent is being pushed up from the seabed in the region of the Aleutian Islands, and that over millions of years this could result in boundary disputes with Russia. Father Lynch also thinks that new continents are forming in the mid-Atlantic and in Indonesia, which may one day dwarf Australia in size.
This document describes two new specimens of the small theropod dinosaur Microraptor zhaoianus from the Early Cretaceous of China. The new specimens preserve anatomical details not seen in the original specimen, including aspects of the manus, pectoral girdle, dorsal vertebrae, ilium, and sacrum. Analysis finds Microraptor to be closely related to other dromaeosaurs. Small size appears primitive for the group including dromaeosaurs and troodontids, with implications for bird origins.
Some people make it bad for everyone. You should be alarmed.pptxBraydenStoch2
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Some people's actions negatively impact others. A small number of individuals can undermine the well-being of a larger group through their behaviors. Their actions make life worse for everyone overall.
This study estimated the bite force of a juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex based on simulated puncture marks. A tooth from a juvenile T. rex specimen was digitized and 3D printed in cobalt alloy. This tooth model was used to make indentations in bovine bones at varying cortical thicknesses and forces were recorded. A linear regression model found bite forces up to 5,641 N could be generated to make marks matching those on specimens attributed to the juvenile T. rex. These estimates are slightly higher than previous models but within the expected range compared to adult T. rex estimates. The results provide insight into feeding abilities and niche partitioning between juvenile and adult T. rex.
This document provides a summary of recent genetic studies that have revealed new information about interactions between Neanderthals, Denisovans, and Homo sapiens. The studies indicate there was both replacement and interbreeding between these groups. This has challenged the two main models for the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens - the Out of Africa and Multiregional hypotheses. The document reviews these models and discusses how the new genetic evidence supports elements of both and suggests a more complex history than either model alone can explain.
This document describes a new troodontid dinosaur species, Almas ukhaa, based on a fossil specimen found in Mongolia. The holotype specimen is an almost complete cranium and partial postcranial skeleton of a small-bodied troodontid. It exhibits both primitive troodontid features and derived features that distinguish it from other troodontids. Relative to other troodontids, Almas ukhaa can be autapomorphically diagnosed by four unique anatomical features. The specimen provides new information about the diversity and evolution of Troodontidae in the Late Cretaceous.
Archaeopteryx is considered one of the earliest known birds that evolved from avian dinosaurs, which were a subgroup of flying dinosaurs. While Archaeopteryx had the ability to fly, it also had many non-avian dinosaur characteristics like teeth and a long bony tail, showing that it was still transitioning from dinosaur to modern bird.
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The author criticizes their father for wasting money on a faulty Toshiba laptop purchased in 2014 that overheated, shut down unexpectedly, and had many issues. In 2021, their father replaced the Toshiba with a Lenovo laptop, which the author acknowledges their father paid for half the cost. The author believes they could have gotten a better laptop from Apple, Chromebook, or Samsung instead of the problematic Toshiba.
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The author strongly dislikes Toshiba laptops and the company, calling them the worst laptops and claiming the company is corrupt. He criticizes Toshiba for continuing to sell existing laptop models on Amazon and believes they should not sell their laptops on the internet or outside of Japan. The author urges others to not support Toshiba or two other brands he also dislikes, Thinkpad and Dynabook.
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- The Out of Africa theory proposes that modern humans originated in Africa over 100,000 years ago and replaced indigenous populations as they migrated. The author questions if Asian populations could really have been replaced.
- The Multiregional theory proposes that Homo erectus migrated out of Africa over a million years ago and evolved independently in different regions with gene exchange.
- Neither theory can yet be definitively proven or disproven based on archaeological evidence alone, and dating of genetic events is uncertain.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
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(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin ๐๐ค๐ค๐ฅฐ
This document describes a new species of small coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur discovered in South Africa, named Nqwebasaurus thwazi. The fossil consists of an articulated but partially incomplete skeleton found in Early Cretaceous rocks. Key details include that it has an elongate hand with a partially opposable first finger, a slender foot with a reduced fourth metatarsal, and stomach stones preserved in the abdominal region. As one of the most complete Early Cretaceous theropods described from Africa, Nqwebasaurus helps extend the record of coelurosaurians in Gondwana by around 50 million years, suggesting they achieved a global distribution early in their evolution
This document describes a new species of oviraptorid dinosaur discovered in southern China. Key details include:
1) The new species, named Ganzhousaurus nankangensis, is based on a partial skeleton found in the Upper Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation in Jiangxi Province, China.
2) G. nankangensis can be distinguished from other oviraptorids based on a combination of primitive and derived skeletal features, such as a relatively shallow dentary and a twisted dentary process.
3) A phylogenetic analysis places G. nankangensis within Oviraptoridae along with other genera like Oviraptor and Citipati
This document describes a new species of duck-billed dinosaur, Gonkoken nanoi, found in subantarctic Chile. The fossils were discovered in a bonebed of multiple individuals dating to the early Maastrichtian period. Unlike other duck-billed dinosaurs described from Patagonia, G. nanoi is not a hadrosaurid but instead belongs to an older lineage of duck-billed dinosaurs that diverged before the origin of hadrosaurids. This suggests that the ancestors of G. nanoi arrived in South America earlier and inhabited regions further south than hadrosaurids, including areas that hadrosaurids may never have reached like subantarctic Chile. The discovery provides new insights into
1) The document challenges the conclusion that the Denisova hominin derived from a migration out of Africa around 1 million years ago that was distinct from the ancestors of Neanderthals and modern humans.
2) It argues that alternative interpretations are possible, such as hominin dispersals within Eurasia in the Early Pleistocene from sources in southern refugia during interglacial periods. Dispersals may have occurred westward from populations like those at Yunxian, China after 1 million years ago.
3) It also challenges the assumption that Homo heidelbergensis left Africa between 500,000-300,000 years ago, introducing the Acheulean technology to Europe and
This document discusses recent advances in understanding the timing and role of Deccan volcanic eruptions in relation to the KT mass extinction event 65 million years ago. Key points include:
1) Eruptions occurred in three phases, with the largest ("phase 2") occurring in Chron 29r near the end of the Cretaceous period and accounting for around 80% of the 3,500m thick Deccan lava pile.
2) The KT boundary and mass extinction has been identified in marine microfossil-bearing sediments between the phase 2 and 3 lava flows, indicating volcanic activity continued past the extinction.
3) New evidence suggests the Chicxulub impact predated the KT
Tweets sent to Google via embed tweet.pptxBraydenStoch2
ย
This document discusses Dimetrodon grandis, a synapsid that lived millions of years before dinosaurs. While it is often mistaken for a dinosaur, Dimetrodon belongs to the synapsids. The document also mentions that fossils provide scientific data about the past and mentions two specific prehistoric creatures: Acrocanthosaurus and a bird-like creature called Archaeopteryx.
Demandasaurus darwini, a new medium-sized rebbachisaurid sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Spain, is described based on an associated partial skeleton. It possesses nine autapomorphies in its teeth and vertebrae that distinguish it from other rebbachisaurids. Phylogenetic analysis places Demandasaurus as the sister taxon to Nigersaurus from Africa, supporting sporadic dinosaur dispersal between Europe and Africa during the Early Cretaceous. The discovery of Demandasaurus provides further evidence of rebbachisaurid biogeographic connections between Europe and Gondwana.
This document discusses body size estimates for several dinosaurs from the Cretaceous period in South America. It finds that the sauropod Argentinosaurus huinculensis was the largest land animal identified to date at over 73 tonnes. Another sauropod, Antarctosaurus giganteus, was nearly as large at 69 tonnes. In contrast, the sauropod Amargasaurus cazaui was much smaller at only 2.5 tonnes. For theropods, the estimates find Giganotosaurus carolinii may have been the largest theropod ever at over 8 tonnes, surpassing Tyrannosaurus rex.
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New Guinea lies on a line of weakness in the earth's crust that is part of a chain of volcanic islands stretching from the Mediterranean through Southeast Asia and linking up with the ring of volcanic activity around the Pacific Ocean. This ring extends from the Antarctic to Alaska, down through South America. Volcanic activity results from weaknesses in the earth's crust, and New Guinea specifically lies at the intersection of weakness lines coming from the Mediterranean and in the Pacific. A recent eruption in Rabaul could potentially cause small new islands to form, as occurred after the massive 1883 eruption of Krakatoa volcano between Java and Sumatra.
Geologists believe that new continents are forming under the oceans. Father Joseph Lynch, a geophysicist at Fordham University, has a highly sensitive seismology lab that can detect earthquakes from around the world. He believes that a new continent is being pushed up from the seabed in the region of the Aleutian Islands, and that over millions of years this could result in boundary disputes with Russia. Father Lynch also thinks that new continents are forming in the mid-Atlantic and in Indonesia, which may one day dwarf Australia in size.
This document describes two new specimens of the small theropod dinosaur Microraptor zhaoianus from the Early Cretaceous of China. The new specimens preserve anatomical details not seen in the original specimen, including aspects of the manus, pectoral girdle, dorsal vertebrae, ilium, and sacrum. Analysis finds Microraptor to be closely related to other dromaeosaurs. Small size appears primitive for the group including dromaeosaurs and troodontids, with implications for bird origins.
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Some people's actions negatively impact others. A small number of individuals can undermine the well-being of a larger group through their behaviors. Their actions make life worse for everyone overall.
This study estimated the bite force of a juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex based on simulated puncture marks. A tooth from a juvenile T. rex specimen was digitized and 3D printed in cobalt alloy. This tooth model was used to make indentations in bovine bones at varying cortical thicknesses and forces were recorded. A linear regression model found bite forces up to 5,641 N could be generated to make marks matching those on specimens attributed to the juvenile T. rex. These estimates are slightly higher than previous models but within the expected range compared to adult T. rex estimates. The results provide insight into feeding abilities and niche partitioning between juvenile and adult T. rex.
This document provides a summary of recent genetic studies that have revealed new information about interactions between Neanderthals, Denisovans, and Homo sapiens. The studies indicate there was both replacement and interbreeding between these groups. This has challenged the two main models for the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens - the Out of Africa and Multiregional hypotheses. The document reviews these models and discusses how the new genetic evidence supports elements of both and suggests a more complex history than either model alone can explain.
This document describes a new troodontid dinosaur species, Almas ukhaa, based on a fossil specimen found in Mongolia. The holotype specimen is an almost complete cranium and partial postcranial skeleton of a small-bodied troodontid. It exhibits both primitive troodontid features and derived features that distinguish it from other troodontids. Relative to other troodontids, Almas ukhaa can be autapomorphically diagnosed by four unique anatomical features. The specimen provides new information about the diversity and evolution of Troodontidae in the Late Cretaceous.
Archaeopteryx is considered one of the earliest known birds that evolved from avian dinosaurs, which were a subgroup of flying dinosaurs. While Archaeopteryx had the ability to fly, it also had many non-avian dinosaur characteristics like teeth and a long bony tail, showing that it was still transitioning from dinosaur to modern bird.
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The author criticizes their father for wasting money on a faulty Toshiba laptop purchased in 2014 that overheated, shut down unexpectedly, and had many issues. In 2021, their father replaced the Toshiba with a Lenovo laptop, which the author acknowledges their father paid for half the cost. The author believes they could have gotten a better laptop from Apple, Chromebook, or Samsung instead of the problematic Toshiba.
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- The Out of Africa theory proposes that modern humans originated in Africa over 100,000 years ago and replaced indigenous populations as they migrated. The author questions if Asian populations could really have been replaced.
- The Multiregional theory proposes that Homo erectus migrated out of Africa over a million years ago and evolved independently in different regions with gene exchange.
- Neither theory can yet be definitively proven or disproven based on archaeological evidence alone, and dating of genetic events is uncertain.
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Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin ๐๐ค๐ค๐ฅฐ
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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nla.news-article64889112.3.pdf
1. Wellington Times and Agricultural and Mining Gazette (Tas. : 1890 - 1897), Saturday 25 January 1896, page 3
National Library of Australia http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article64889112
The Heat Wave in
Australia.
NEARLY200 DEATHSFROM HEAT
APOPLEXY.
ITS
SEVERITY
IN NEW SOUTH
WALES.
BUSINESS SERIOUSLY INTERFERED
WITH.
PEOPLE LEAVING BOURKE.
(From Exchanges.)
The long
continuance
of the
unprecedented
heat wave in New SouthWalesis
proving
a
veryseriousmatter
to the
residents
in some
of the
districts, especially
in the
western
portion
of the
colony.
Over125 deaths
fromheat
apoplexy
have
occurred
in New
South Wales,
and to thisnumber Bourke
has
already contributed
40. The matter
has be-
comeso
serious
thatthe
railway authorities
have
commenced running trains at special
cheapfares,
to
enable
the
residents
to seek a
cooler climate,
and a great number
are
many parts,
to add to the
difficulties
of
situation,
the watersupplyis runningshort,
and typhoidfeverand kindreddiseases
are
very
prevalent.
The
hospitals
are all fullof
patients, suffering
either
fromfever or sun-
stroke.
To
farmers
and
graziers
the con-
tinued
heatis
proving
very
serious,
the feed
being withered
up, tanks dry,and
horses,
sheep,
and cattle dying
by
hundreds,
and
many
settlers'
homeshave been
destroyed
by the bush fires. Never
in the
history
of
New South Wales
has sucha
continuance
of
fierceheat been known.
From West
Australia
also come reports
of
intense
heat,
Geraldton topping
the record
with 125
degrees
in the
shade.
The
telegrams
from various placesinclude
the
following
:โ
BREWARRINA,
January 18.โ A pleasant
breeze sprang
up last
evening,
which was
refreshing
after the
excessive
heatof the
day.
Considerable
sicknessprevails
here,
and
another
death fromheat
apoplexy
has
occurred
at
Maylands,
on the Culgoa River.
The
thermometer registered116deg.
in the
shadeto-day.
BOURKE, January
18.โ The glass was at
116
to-day.
The
continuous
heatis
causing
much sicknessand fatality.
Three more
deaths
are
reported to-day,
the
victims
being
Michael Coleman,drover; Mrs Kermod,
widow;John Matthews, woolpresser.
The
total number
of deaths since lastSunday
morning
is 25. Manywomen
and child-
ren are
leaving Bourke
for
Sydney
and the
mountainsdaily.
BOURKE,
Jan 21.โ Two deaths
are re-
ported
from heat
apoplexy, bringing
the
record
to 35. The
average
heatfor the
month
to date has been 112 in the
shade,
and for the past four days 118.
A large
number
of
people
leftBourke
by train this
morning,
and cheap
excursion
trains
have
been
specially provided,
and willbe
largely
patronised to-morrow.
The residents
are
panic-stricken,
and
hundreds
are
leaving
for
a cooler climate.
WlLCANNIA,
January
18.โ Yesterday
the
WlLCANNIA,
January
18.โ Yesterday
the
gistering
112,while to-day
it
reached
118.
Two
deaths occurred during
the
night,
one be-
ing a child
and the other
the Rev
Father
Davern
who expired shortly before
2
o'clock
this morning.
The rev.
gentleman
had beenin
delicate health
for sometime,
and was to haveleftfor
Broken-hill
yester-
day for a two
months' vacation,
but post-
poned
his
departure
owing
to the
oppressive
weather.
He became worse during
the after-
noon,
and lost
conscious-ness
at 11
o'clock
lastnight. Father Davern
has beena
resi-
was
universallyrespected,
his actsof
charity
having extended
to
members
of all
denomina-
tions. Reports
havebeen
received
fromthe
townand
district
of manycases
of
illness.
The glass
is now
standing
at over100deg.
without
any
prospect
of a
change.
WILCANNIA,
JAN.19.โ Threemoredeaths
have
occurred
herefromthe heat, Mesdames
Hedger, Edmond,
and White
succumbing
to
the
extremely
high
temperature.
CARRATHOOL,
January20.โThe weather
is again extremely
hot, the
thermometer
yesterday recording
104in the
shade.
To-
day,
at 10
o'clock,
99 was
recorded,
at noon
109, andat 3
o'clock
115with
a
scorching
northerly
wind, and dust. To-night
the
weather
is dulland
oppressive,
and a
thunder-
storm
is
threatening.
At 8
o'clock
the glass
still showed
101.
HAY, January 18.โThe weather continues
to be the
prevailing
topic
of
conversation;
to-day
was the
hottest
of the
season,
the glass
registering
113.5.
DENILIQUIN,
January13.โIn consequence
of the
drought
and
scarcity
of
feed,
the
Riverina freezling
works herewillclose down
this week for
several months,
or, at any rate,
until
the
drought breaks
up. Thiswill
throw nearly
150 men out of
employment.
The
weather to-day
is veryhot,the ther-
mometer registering
108.
ST. MARYS,January 20.โAfter
three days
of cool
weather,
a
change
has come,
and to-
daywas
somewhat similar
to last
Monday.
The
thermometer
stood
at 109 in the
shade,
andat7 p.m.was
still
over100.One
child
has diedthrough
the
effects
of the heat.
To-day,
a
number
of the
employees
at the
different factories
were
prostrated.
The
want
of a
permanent supply
of
water
is
badly felt,
andthe
outlook
is
serious.
BULLI,January 20.โA woman
has been
brought
to the Bulli Hospital
in a
demented
condition, suffering
from
sunstroke.
She
was
tramping
the
roads,
withher
husband,
twodays
before,
whenshewas
prostrated
by a
sunstroke.
Her
husband carried
her
through
all the
sweltering
heat
to
Bulli,
tak-
ingtwodays over
the
journey.
Telegrams
frommanyother places
have
similar tales
to tellof
extreme heat. Nyn-
gan
reports 114deg.
At
Lithgow coal-min-
ingis
seriously interfered
with,
the
furnaces
having
beenshutdownowing
to
scarcity
of
water, throwing
a lot of men out of
employ-
ment.
At
Mudgee,
Henry Lambert
was sun-
struck,
andthe
Cudgegon
River
andLaw-
son'sCreekhave stopped running.
Gil-
gunnia reports 112deg.,
withan
increase
of
sickness,
one child dying fromthe
effects
of
sickness,
one child dying fromthe
effects
of
the heat. Greta reports 110deg.;
many
cattle and other stock
perishing.
At Single-
ton two men,G. Clarke
and G.
Solomon,
weretaken
to the
hospital supposed
to be
suffering
from
typhoid fever,
but it turned
out to be
sunstroke.
At Tamworth
the
maize is wilting and turning yellow.
Tenterfield, 106deg.,
grass and young crops
withering. Windsor, 112deg. Lyndhurst,
110deg.,
and water very scarce. Mur-
Nymagee, 114deg,
the
drinking
water was
condemned
by doctors
as being quite unfit
to drink,and very
conductive
to
hydatids.
SYDNEY, January 22.โ At Bourketo-day
the
thermometer
marked 120 in the shade.
Almost all business places, except hotels,
are
closed. Heavy clouds are now hanging
about,
and there are hopes of rain. Two
more deaths have taken place. Four deaths
from heat occurred
last week at
Gundabooka.
Many
persons
leftBourke
by
special
ex-
cursion
train this morning.
The hospital
is
crowded with patients.
BRISBANE, January 22.โ The weather has
been exceedingly oppressive
to-day, being
the highestrecord
for the summer.
A high
"shade" temperature prevails throughout
the colony,
the
principal
being
Thargomin-
dah and
Cunnamulla,
113; Bolton, 112;
Isisford,
110. Roma reports
all crops wither-
ing. A
Thargomindah
telegramstates that
fivemoresudden deaths
have
occurred
in the
district,
all
attributed
to heat.
Latestadvices from Sydney, under Thurs-
day's date, report
thata
welcome change
in
the
weather, accompanied
by a fallof rain,
hastakenplace
in NewSouthWales
on the
coast
and
highlands.
In the far West it is
still hot,while
in the north
thunderstorms
of
cyclonicviolence
are
reported.
West
Australian telegrams
report :โ
GERALDTON,
January 19.โ Weather very
hot;
125deg.
in the shade
yesterday.
A
great dealof
sickness prevalent,
and water
scarce.
KALGOORLIE,
January
19. โ The heat on
Friday
was
intense.
Mr Z. Lanelostby
sunstroke
a pairof
horses which
he was
driving
to
Coolgardie.
At night a heavy
duststorm, accompanied
by lightning
and
rain, occurred.
The
following
items willshowin somede-
greethe sortof
weather
experienced
in Perth
lately.
The Perth "Daily News"
of a
recent
datesaysthe
decision
of
Messrs Stevens
and
Wilkinson
to close the
pantomime
season for
a fewdays on
account
of thehot
weather
was
generally approved
by
playgoers.
The
same journal
has the
following:โ
"The
Mayor
of
Perth
(Mr H. J.
Saunders)
is to be
commended
on the
rapidity
withwhich he
getsthrough
the
business
of the CityCoun-
cil. Last evening,
at the monthly meeting,
the heat was almost unbearable;
the ther-
mometer in the room
registering consider-
ably over 100
degrees. Councillor
George,
however,
doesnot
consider
thatthe
dignity
of a
councillor
should
be upheld
whenthe
mercury
is at
boiling point,
for
before
the
meeting opened
he
divested himself
of his
coat and
waistcoat, unstraped
his braces,
and
delivered himself
of
oratorical
utter-
ances
in his shirt sleeves. Before doing this
he
appealed
to the
Mayor,
who was
taste-
fully dressed
in an Indian officer's undress
full
evening costume,
for
permission
to par-
tially disrobe,
and was given a
hesitating,
though
diplomatic
answer in the
affirma-