2. Felix Dodds
• Felix Dodds is a Senior Fellow at the Global Research Institute and a Senior Affiliate at the University
of North Carolina and an Associate Fellow at the Tellus Institute.
• He was the co-director of the 2014 Nexus Conference on Water, Food, Energy and Climate.
• Felix was the Executive Director of Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future from 1992-2012.
• He has been active at the UN since 1990 attending and actively participating in the World Summits,
Conferences and has advised the Danish and UK Governments and the European Union
• In 2011 he chaired the United Nations DPI 64th NGO conference - 'Sustainable Societies Responsive
Citizens'.
• From 1997-2001 he co-chaired the UN Commission on Sustainable Development NGO Steering
Committee.
• He has coordinated some of the most innovative stakeholder dialogues at the intergovernmental
level Bonn Water (2001), Bonn Energy (2004) and Bonn Nexus (2011).
• He has written or edited thirteen books the latest is due out in May 2016 The Water, Food and
Climate Nexus: Challenges and an agenda for Action which he edited with Jamie Bartram.
• His next one out in September is Negotiating the Sustainable Development Goals: A
transformational agenda for an insecure world with Ambassador David Donoghue and Jimena
Leiva Roesch
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net2
3. Earth Summit and Rio+5
Earth Summit (1992)
• Agenda 21
• Water (chapter 18 ) – promoted water as
an economic good
• Agriculture (chapter 14 Sustainable
Agriculture and Rural Development
[SARD])
• No ENERGY Chapter
• United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC)
Rio+5 (1997)
• United NationsGeneral Assembly
Special Session to Review Agenda 21
• Water (reviewed) - promoted Integrated
Water Management (IWM)and Integrated
Water Basin Management (IWBM) –
promoted economic pricing policies for
water
• Land and Sustainable Agriculture
(reviewed) - promoted outcome from the
1996 Food Summit – it did include the first
clear recommendation relating to the issue
of freshwater and argiculure
• Energy (added) – focus on laying the
groundwork for future discussion – while
recognizing that fossil fuel will continue to
dominate the energy supply for many years
• UNGASS and Kyoto – prepared the
ground for Kyoto
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net3
4. Millennium Development Goals 2000
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net4
2000 EIGHT Millennium Development Goals with
21 quantifiable targets with 60 indicators
2000 UN Global Compact launched as a voluntary
initiative based on CEO commitments to
implement universal sustainability principles and
to take steps to support UN goals: promotes ten
principles derived from: the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, the International Labour
Organization’s Declaration on Fundamental
Principles and Rights atWork, the Rio Declaration
on Environment and Development, and the United
NationsConventionAgainstCorruption.
Over 8000 companies have signed up.
5. World Summit on Sustainable Development
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net5
6. Johannesburg Plan of Implementation
• Energy- no link to food and water
• Water – IntegratedWater Resources
Management andWater Efficiency
by 2005
• Agriculture – Integrated Land
Management andWater-use Plans
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net6
9. The strange re-birth of sustainable development
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net9
“We have not implemented the Monterrey
Consensus on Financing for Development, thus
making it difficult for the majority of the
developing countries especially those in Africa,
to achieve the Millennium Development Goals,
and have reduced the Johannesburg Plan of
Implementation to an insignificant and perhaps
forgotten piece of paper.” (Mbeki, 2006)
10. Financial Crisis 2008
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net10
The impact of the financial
crisis of 2008 was reviewed
by the IMF in its 2010
report. It estimated the
impact of the crisis was to
see a further 53 million
people drop into poverty.
The banks succeeded at privatizing the profits
and socializing the losses as they led the
global economy to the brink of collapse, the
danger was growing of doing the same with the
environment
12. Nexus Drivers
•Population growth: Expected to reach 8 billion
by 2024 and 9 billion by 2050;
•Economic prosperity: There will be a rising
economic prosperity in some of the emerging
economies particularly in India and China;
•Increasing urban world: by 2030 over 60% of
people will live in urban areas and by 2050
70%;
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net12
13. Water
990 million without access to
safe drinking water
2.5 billion without access to
sanitation
Energy
2.5 billion without access to
modern forms of energy
1.5 billion without access to
electricity
Food
1 billion suffering from
hunger2010
Population growth, urbanization, economic growth, climate change
+40% energy demand +30-50% food demand
40% gap of water resources
(Between availability and demand)
2030
AT THE TIPPING POINT
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net13
16. Outcomes from Bonn 2011
• Nexus opportunities require and entail
• Overcome sector silos / tap synergies
• Get coherence
• Accelerate access to water-food-energy
• Create more with less
• End waste, minimize losses
• Value natural infrastructure / ecosystems
• Mobilize consumers
Principles
1. Putting people at the center of the nexus
2. Work toward legislative frameworks, good gov.,
reducing corruption
3. Involve local communities
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net16
17. What did Rio+20 actually do?
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net17
Agreed:
• To replace the Commission on Sustainable
Development by the High Level Political Forum
meeting annually and at Heads of State every
four years.
• Upgrading UNEP to meet biannually as a United
Nations Environmental Assembly with ALL
member states
• Accelerated the approach to the Green
Economy
Set up a process to agree Sustainable
Development Goals to replace Millennium
Development Goals in 2015
Set up a process to bring financing for
sustainable development to theThird
Financing for Development Conference in 2015
Set up a process to break the disagreement on
technology transfer
19. 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 2015
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net19
To replace the MDGs:
• 100 National Consultations
• 11Thematic Consultations
• Two High Level Panel Reports (2011
and 2013)
• Two Secretary General Report
• Rio+20
• 13 sessions of the Sustainable
Development Open Working Group
• 8 Intergovernmental Negotiations
Sessions
20. Sustainable DevelopmentGoals
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net20
What are the differences between the MDGs
and SDGs?
The MDGs just applied to developing
countries
The SDGs apply to ALL countries
The MDGS are addressing development
The SDGs are addressing sustainable
development
The MDGs address the problems
The SDGs address the symptoms and causes
22. Main Actors
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net22
Farrukh Khan, Pakistan
Ambassador Kitty Heijden
Netherlands
Paula Caballero ColombiaDavid O'Connor UNDESA
Mohamed Khalil
Egypt
Jimena Leiva
Roesch
Guatemala
Ambassador
Macharia Kamau,
Kenya
23. Nexus Links between Energy-Food-Water=Climate
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net23
24. The Urban Nexus Solution Elements
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net24
25. conceptual - how does theWEF nexus appear in the
SDGs
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net25
26. How can it help operationalize ‘nexus thinking’
through SDG implementation?
Horizontal and vertical interactions and coherence
relationships
• Sectoral coherence: from one policy sector to
another
• Transnational coherence: from one jurisdiction to
another
• Governance coherence: from one set of interventions
to another
• Multilevel coherence: from global /international
agreements to national and local policy
• Implementation coherence: from policy objective to
instrument design to practice (ICSU)
• What are the main types of interactions
from the SDG into other goals and targets
in the 2030 Agenda?
• What are the key potential development
dilemmas or serious goal conflicts?
• What would be solution space in terms of
governance measures or technological
options that could transform the current
interactions to a more positive interaction?
• In what ways is the identified goals nexus
affected by policies or markets
internationally (such as development
cooperation, trade policies, exports,
investments)?
• What are the main discrepancies between
stated policy targets and action / practice?
(ICSU)
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net26
27. Some questions to consider
1. How should the science community change its operations
to address the Nexus?
2.What are the challenges for industry address the Nexus on
implementation of the SDGs?
3. How should local and sub-national governments address
the Nexus in their planning?
4. How could national parliaments address the Nexus?
5.How should NGOs change their approach to show the
interlinkages of the Nexus in their own implementation?
6.What changes at the intergovernmental level should be
taken to ensure the Nexus is addressed in the follow up?
7.What are the implications for the SDG and the Nexus
agendas with PresidentTrump?
March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net27
29. Felix Dodds
Senior Fellow at the Global Research Institute
University of North Carolina
"We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking
we used when we created them.” Einstein
……..
"Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity;
and I'm not sure about the universe.“ Einstein
