New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation (2).pptx
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The universal motor can operate on both AC and DC power sources. When powered by DC, a constant magnetic field is produced, but with AC the field polarity changes with the current frequency. This causes the armature current direction and torque to also change to match the changing field. Universal motors have lower efficiency than DC motors due to losses, but they are compact and provide good torque for portable tools powered from AC mains. Laminated cores and increased conductor numbers help reduce losses and improve performance.
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universal motor
The document discusses the universal motor, which can operate on both AC and DC power supplies. It describes the universal motor's construction, which includes laminated magnetic fields to reduce losses. The motor also uses a compensating winding to improve power factor and commutation. The document explains that the universal motor works by reversing its magnetic pole orientation with each reversal of the AC current. Speed control methods for universal motors include phase angle and chopper control.
Principles of Special Motors
This document discusses several types of electric motors: AC series motors, universal motors, stepper motors, and shaded pole motors. It provides details on the construction and operation of universal motors and stepper motors. Universal motors can operate on either AC or DC power because the rotor and stator windings are connected in series. Stepper motors rotate in precise angular increments in response to applied digital pulses, making them well-suited for applications requiring precise positional control like printers and CNC machines. The document compares advantages and disadvantages of stepper motors.
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Stepper motors are used for precision position control. They rotate in discrete steps by energizing coils in a specific sequence without position sensors. There are three main types - permanent magnet, variable reluctance, and hybrid stepper motors. Permanent magnet steppers have strong torque but lower speed/resolution, while variable reluctance steppers have higher speed/resolution but lower torque. Hybrid steppers combine benefits of both for high performance. Full, half, and wave drive modes determine step angle and sequence of coil energization. Bipolar steppers use entire windings bidirectionally, while unipolar steppers have center taps for unidirectional current flow.
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This document provides an overview of different types of electric motors, including DC motors, stepper motors, and their operating principles. It discusses conventional brushed DC motors and how they work using commutator and brushes. Brushless DC motors are also covered, noting they use electronic commutation instead of mechanical brushes. Stepper motors are introduced as motors that rotate in discrete steps when electrical pulses are applied. Their operation and characteristics such as resolution are explained. Applications of different motor types are briefly mentioned.
Single phase induction motor
1. Single-phase induction motors use a double-field revolving theory to produce rotation, representing the alternating flux as two counter-rotating fluxes to overcome the lack of self-starting torque in a single-phase motor.
2. Various methods are used to make single-phase induction motors self-starting, including split-phase, capacitor-start and capacitor-run, and shaded-pole techniques.
3. Split-phase motors add a starting winding to introduce a phase difference between currents to produce a rotating field. Capacitor motors improve this effect with a capacitor. Shaded-pole motors use shading coils to shift the magnetic field.
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The universal motor can operate on either AC or DC power sources. It is modified slightly from a DC series motor to allow proper operation on AC, such as adding a compensating winding and using laminated pole pieces. Universal motors are commonly used in appliances and power tools where high speed and torque are needed. They have advantages of simple construction and cost effectiveness.
Presentation induction motors 2
An induction motor is a common electric motor where the rotating magnetic field in the stator induces current in the rotor to generate torque. It has a simple and rugged construction, is very reliable and cost-effective. Induction motors are widely used in industrial equipment and household appliances. The current induced in the rotor depends on factors like slip and magnetic saturation, which influence the motor's speed-torque characteristics. Finite element analysis is useful for investigating these characteristics during design. While induction motors are commonly used, their modeling involves complexities like rotor skew, harmonic effects, and nonlinear materials behavior.
General terms in the study of electrical machines
This document discusses different types of electric motors:
1. Permanent magnet synchronous motors have constant torque output but are expensive and available only in small sizes. They are used in precision equipment.
2. Stepped motors move in discrete steps and have multiple coil phases. Variable-reluctance stepped motors work by aligning the rotor with the stator's magnetic field. Permanent magnet stepped motors produce more torque but require reversing current to change direction.
3. Brushless DC motors have electronically controlled commutation without brushes, making them more efficient than brushed DC motors. They are used in computer hard drives and other applications.
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universal motor
The document discusses the universal motor, which can operate on both AC and DC power supplies. It describes the universal motor's construction, which includes laminated magnetic fields to reduce losses. The motor also uses a compensating winding to improve power factor and commutation. The document explains that the universal motor works by reversing its magnetic pole orientation with each reversal of the AC current. Speed control methods for universal motors include phase angle and chopper control.
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This document discusses several types of electric motors: AC series motors, universal motors, stepper motors, and shaded pole motors. It provides details on the construction and operation of universal motors and stepper motors. Universal motors can operate on either AC or DC power because the rotor and stator windings are connected in series. Stepper motors rotate in precise angular increments in response to applied digital pulses, making them well-suited for applications requiring precise positional control like printers and CNC machines. The document compares advantages and disadvantages of stepper motors.
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Stepper motors are used for precision position control. They rotate in discrete steps by energizing coils in a specific sequence without position sensors. There are three main types - permanent magnet, variable reluctance, and hybrid stepper motors. Permanent magnet steppers have strong torque but lower speed/resolution, while variable reluctance steppers have higher speed/resolution but lower torque. Hybrid steppers combine benefits of both for high performance. Full, half, and wave drive modes determine step angle and sequence of coil energization. Bipolar steppers use entire windings bidirectionally, while unipolar steppers have center taps for unidirectional current flow.
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This document provides an overview of different types of electric motors, including DC motors, stepper motors, and their operating principles. It discusses conventional brushed DC motors and how they work using commutator and brushes. Brushless DC motors are also covered, noting they use electronic commutation instead of mechanical brushes. Stepper motors are introduced as motors that rotate in discrete steps when electrical pulses are applied. Their operation and characteristics such as resolution are explained. Applications of different motor types are briefly mentioned.
Single phase induction motor
1. Single-phase induction motors use a double-field revolving theory to produce rotation, representing the alternating flux as two counter-rotating fluxes to overcome the lack of self-starting torque in a single-phase motor.
2. Various methods are used to make single-phase induction motors self-starting, including split-phase, capacitor-start and capacitor-run, and shaded-pole techniques.
3. Split-phase motors add a starting winding to introduce a phase difference between currents to produce a rotating field. Capacitor motors improve this effect with a capacitor. Shaded-pole motors use shading coils to shift the magnetic field.
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The universal motor can operate on either AC or DC power sources. It is modified slightly from a DC series motor to allow proper operation on AC, such as adding a compensating winding and using laminated pole pieces. Universal motors are commonly used in appliances and power tools where high speed and torque are needed. They have advantages of simple construction and cost effectiveness.
Presentation induction motors 2
An induction motor is a common electric motor where the rotating magnetic field in the stator induces current in the rotor to generate torque. It has a simple and rugged construction, is very reliable and cost-effective. Induction motors are widely used in industrial equipment and household appliances. The current induced in the rotor depends on factors like slip and magnetic saturation, which influence the motor's speed-torque characteristics. Finite element analysis is useful for investigating these characteristics during design. While induction motors are commonly used, their modeling involves complexities like rotor skew, harmonic effects, and nonlinear materials behavior.
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This document discusses different types of electric motors:
1. Permanent magnet synchronous motors have constant torque output but are expensive and available only in small sizes. They are used in precision equipment.
2. Stepped motors move in discrete steps and have multiple coil phases. Variable-reluctance stepped motors work by aligning the rotor with the stator's magnetic field. Permanent magnet stepped motors produce more torque but require reversing current to change direction.
3. Brushless DC motors have electronically controlled commutation without brushes, making them more efficient than brushed DC motors. They are used in computer hard drives and other applications.
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A universal motor can operate on both AC and DC power sources. It is essentially a series motor that is modified to overcome issues like low efficiency, power factor, and sparking when operated on AC. Key modifications include using laminated cores to reduce losses, increasing the number of armature conductors, and adding a compensating winding to reduce armature reaction effects. Universal motors are commonly used in portable appliances requiring speed control like drills, fans, and kitchen appliances.
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- 4. Operation of Universal Motor When DC supply given to the stator winding. The field winding produced constant magnetic field. The polarity of field remain same. The field winding connected in series with the armature so that the same current will flow in the armature.
- 5. Supply of AC Source It produces variable magnetic field around the winding. AC current have frequency so its polarity is changing with time. The direction of current in armature winding determined according to direction of field flux. The polarity of field winding will change left side becomes south pole and right hand side N- pole develop. As the poles is changing the direction of magnetic field is also changing. So the direction of current in armature winding is also changing. Direction of torque in both cases will be same. The efficiency of smaller universal motor is around 30%, while the larger universal motor have an efficiency of 70- 75%.
- 6. Drawback of Universal motor. •The efficiency becomes low because of hysteresis and eddy current losses. •The power factor is low due to the large reactance of the field and the armature windings. •The sparking at the brushes is in excess.
- 7. Overcome of Drawback •Thefieldcoreis madeupofthematerialhavingalowhysteresis loss. Itislaminatedtoreducetheeddycurrentloss. •Theareaofthefieldpoles is increasedtoreducethefluxdensity.Asaresult, theironloss andthereactivevoltage drop are reduced. •Togettherequiredtorquethenumberofconductorsinthearmatureis increased. •A compensating winding is used for reducingthe effect of the armaturereaction and improving the commutation process.
- 8. Thewinding is put inthe stator slot. Theaxis of compensating winding is 90degrees with the main field axis. Thecompensating winding is connected inseries with both thearmatureand the field, hence,it is called Conductively compensated.
- 9. Appliances of Universal motor
- 10. Advantages of Universal Motor Universal motors have the capability to provide good torque at low speed, which enables its use in many daily life handheld tools operated directly through AC main supply. Due to the small size and less weight of the universal motor, its use is preferred in many portable tools requiring compact size. Universal motors with low input power ratings ranging from 5W to 10W are also available. These low input power universal motors are been used in portable applications like hairdryers, fans, electric shaver and motion projectors
- 11. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY