Neuromorphic computing is an emerging interdisciplinary field that takes inspiration from biology to design hardware models of neural systems. Specifically, it uses very-large-scale integrated circuits containing analog electronic circuits to mimic the neurobiological architectures in the nervous system, as conceived by Carver Mead in the late 1980s. Two examples are Neurogrid, a mixed-analog-digital multichip system emulating a million neurons and billion connections using subthreshold analog logic, and IBM's TrueNorth, which contains 16 neuromorphic cores and is completely digital. Both aim to achieve the scale and low power operation of the biological brain through novel computing architectures.

1. Neuromorphic Computing
- An intro to building brains

2. What is Neuromorphic computing?
"Neuromorphic engineering, also known as neuromorphic computing
started as a concept developed by Carver Mead in the late 1980s,
describing the use of very-large-scale integration (VLSI) systems
containing electronic analogue circuits to mimic neurobiological
architectures present in the nervous system."

3. simply put...
"Neuromorphic engineering is a new emerging
interdisciplinary field which takes inspiration from
biology, physics, mathematics, computer science and engineering to
design hardware/physical models of neural and sensory systems."

4. Moore's Law
In 1965, Gordon Moore made a
prediction that would set the pace for
our modern digital revolution. From
careful observation of an emerging trend,
Moore extrapolated that computing
would dramatically increase in power,
and decrease in relative cost, at an
exponential pace. The insight, known as
Moore’s Law, became the golden rule for
the electronics industry, and a
springboard for innovation

5. Analogy
Biology Machine learning

6. Analogy
Biology Machine learning
Arbor Connectivity

7. Analogies
Biology
• Neuron
• Arbor
• Scale
1. ~100B Neurons
2. ~100T connections
Machine learning
• Neuron/Filter/Feature extractor
• Connectivity
• Scale ???

8. Analogies
Biology
• Neuron
• Arbor
• Power
• ~20W
Machine learning
• Neuron/Filter/Feature extractor
• Connectivity
• Power ???

9. Neuromorphic Computing
Neurogrid IBM TrueNorth

10. Neurogrid
1 16 chip system, which emulates a million
neurons with a billion connection
2 Morphs analog property of neurons of brain by
using sub threshold analog logic
3 Extremely low level transistor circuit that could
emulate the non linearities that are captured by
neurons of brain
4 Asynchronous digital logic for communication

11. TrueNorth
1 Comes from IBM's cognitive computing division
2 16x times the size of Neurogrid
3 Instead of subthreshold analog, they are
completely digital

21. Reference
1 Ben Varkey Benjamin ; Peiran Gao
; Emmett McQuinn ; Swadesh Choudhary
; Anand R. Chandrasekaran ; Jean-Marie
Bussat ; Rodrigo Alvarez-Icaza ; John V.
Arthur ; Paul A. Merolla ; Kwabena Boahen -
Neurogrid: A Mixed-Analog-Digital
Multichip System for Large-Scale Neural
Simulations - Stanford University
2 Wen Ma: Mohammed A. Zidan - Neuromorphic
computing with memristive devices - Springer
journal

22. Thank you