Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. It was first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1906. There are three stages of Alzheimer's: early, moderate, and advanced. In the early stage, patients have trouble forming new memories. In the moderate stage, they cannot perform daily activities independently. In the advanced stage, patients are completely dependent and lose the ability to communicate. There is no cure for Alzheimer's and it is a terminal illness.
Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks of daily living. In most people with Alzheimer’s, symptoms first appear after age 60. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia among older people.
Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks of daily living. In most people with Alzheimer’s, symptoms first appear after age 60. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia among older people.
Alzheimer’s disease
Mr. Marudhar
Nims nursing college
INTRODUCTION
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia — a continuous decline in thinking, behavioural and social skills that disrupts a person's ability to function independently
According to the India Ageing Report 2017, the elderly population, which is growing at a faster rate of three percent, may up the burden of Alzheimer's in India, as the disease primarily occurs in patients over the age of 60
India houses more than 4 million people suffering from some form of dementia. Alzheimer’s being the most common condition out of all of them affect around 1.6 million. Alarmingly, this number is set to triple by 2050
Dementia vs. Alzheimer’s
The terms “dementia” and “Alzheimer’s” are sometimes used interchangeably. However, these two conditions aren’t the same. Alzheimer’s is a type of dementia.
Dementia is a broader term for conditions with symptoms relating to memory loss such as forgetfulness and confusion. Dementia includes more specific conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, and others, which can cause these symptoms.
Causes, symptoms, and treatments can be different for these diseases
Causes and risk factors
Increasing age
Genetic
Abnormal build-up of proteins in and around brain cells(amyloid)
Decrease Levels of one neurotransmitter, acetylcholine
Brain shrink
Family history
Down's syndrome
Head injuries
Cardiovascular disease
Types
Sign & symptom
Memory loss affecting daily activities, such as an ability to keep appointments
Trouble with familiar tasks, such as using a microwave
Difficulties with problem-solving
Trouble with speech or writing
Becoming disoriented about times or places
Decrease d judgment
Decreased personal hygiene
Mood and personality changes
Withdrawal from friends, family, and community
Stages
Cont..
Diagnosing
Treatment
Drugs-
Cholinesterase inhibitors.
Memantine
Other Alzheimer’s treatments
focus on tasks
limit confusion
avoid confrontation
get enough rest every day
stay calm
Prevention
Nursing Dignosis
Self-care deficit related to impaired cognitive and motor function
Risk for Injury related to: Unable to recognize / identify hazards in the environment. Disorientation, confusion, impaired decision making.
Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to: sensory changes
Disturbed Sensory Perception related to:changes in the reception, transmission, and / or integration
Impaired verbal communication related to: intellectual changes
Impaired social interaction related to: emotional changes
Imbalanced Nutrition, Less Than Body Requirements related to: sensory changes, it is easy to forget
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia.
RE/MAX Western Canada March Technology Report. The numbers speak for themselves. Use the power of RE/MAX to gain more exposure for you and your listings!
Alzheimer’s disease
Mr. Marudhar
Nims nursing college
INTRODUCTION
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia — a continuous decline in thinking, behavioural and social skills that disrupts a person's ability to function independently
According to the India Ageing Report 2017, the elderly population, which is growing at a faster rate of three percent, may up the burden of Alzheimer's in India, as the disease primarily occurs in patients over the age of 60
India houses more than 4 million people suffering from some form of dementia. Alzheimer’s being the most common condition out of all of them affect around 1.6 million. Alarmingly, this number is set to triple by 2050
Dementia vs. Alzheimer’s
The terms “dementia” and “Alzheimer’s” are sometimes used interchangeably. However, these two conditions aren’t the same. Alzheimer’s is a type of dementia.
Dementia is a broader term for conditions with symptoms relating to memory loss such as forgetfulness and confusion. Dementia includes more specific conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, and others, which can cause these symptoms.
Causes, symptoms, and treatments can be different for these diseases
Causes and risk factors
Increasing age
Genetic
Abnormal build-up of proteins in and around brain cells(amyloid)
Decrease Levels of one neurotransmitter, acetylcholine
Brain shrink
Family history
Down's syndrome
Head injuries
Cardiovascular disease
Types
Sign & symptom
Memory loss affecting daily activities, such as an ability to keep appointments
Trouble with familiar tasks, such as using a microwave
Difficulties with problem-solving
Trouble with speech or writing
Becoming disoriented about times or places
Decrease d judgment
Decreased personal hygiene
Mood and personality changes
Withdrawal from friends, family, and community
Stages
Cont..
Diagnosing
Treatment
Drugs-
Cholinesterase inhibitors.
Memantine
Other Alzheimer’s treatments
focus on tasks
limit confusion
avoid confrontation
get enough rest every day
stay calm
Prevention
Nursing Dignosis
Self-care deficit related to impaired cognitive and motor function
Risk for Injury related to: Unable to recognize / identify hazards in the environment. Disorientation, confusion, impaired decision making.
Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to: sensory changes
Disturbed Sensory Perception related to:changes in the reception, transmission, and / or integration
Impaired verbal communication related to: intellectual changes
Impaired social interaction related to: emotional changes
Imbalanced Nutrition, Less Than Body Requirements related to: sensory changes, it is easy to forget
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia.
RE/MAX Western Canada March Technology Report. The numbers speak for themselves. Use the power of RE/MAX to gain more exposure for you and your listings!
A seizure is a neurological disorder that causes sudden intense surge of electrical activity in your brain. They affect your muscle movements, vision and often consciousness. Learn more about seizures.
GBS means Guillain Barre syndrome a disease of neurological system. It often begins with tingling sensation and weakens from the legs and radiating to upper body and arms. there is no known cure for GBS, but treatments can improve symptoms and shorten its duration.
A balance disorder is a condition that makes you feel unsteady or dizzy, as if you are moving, spinning, or floating, even though you are standing still or lying down. Balance disorders can be caused by certain health conditions, medications, or a problem in the inner ear or the brain.
Undergraduate downloads...A guide to neurological examination
Nervous system
1.
2. ALZHEIMER
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known in
medical literature as Alzheimer disease, is
the most common form of dementia. There
is no cure for the disease, which worsens as
it progresses, and eventually leads to death.
It was first described by German psychiatrist
and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in
1906 and was named after him
3. WHAT CAUSES IT
The cause for most Alzheimer's cases is still essentially
unknown tough there exists many hypothesis still trying to
explain the cause of it.
5. EARLY STAGE
The increasing inability to learn or memorize things eventually
leads to a definitive diagnosis
Alzheimer’s Disease merely af fects memories from the past, a
patient would only find hard to memorize new data. It also
does not interfere with implicit memory such as riding a
bicycle or using a fork.
They would also find it hard to communicate themselves by
sinking the vocabulary and decreased word fluency
6. MODERATE STAGE
Progressive deterioration eventually hinders
independence, with subjects being unable to perform most
common activities of daily living
It will be harder for the patient to speak due to an inability to
recall vocabulary
The patient will be subject to sudden anger or crying attacks
7. ADVANCED STAGE
During the final stage of AD, the person is completely
dependent upon caregivers . Language is reduced to simple
phrases or even single words, eventually leading to complete
loss of speech. Despite the loss of verbal language
abilities, people can often understand and return emotional
signals. Although aggressiveness can still be present, extreme
apathy and exhaustion are much more common results.
People with AD will ultimately not be able to perform even the
simplest tasks without assistance . Muscle mass and mobility
deteriorate to the point where they are bedridden, and they
lose the ability to feed themselves . AD is a terminal
illness, with the cause of death typically being an external
factor, such as infection of pressure ulcers or pneumonia, not
the disease itself.
8. PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Parkinson's disease (PD) belongs to a group of conditions
called motor system disorders, which are the result of the loss
of dopamine-producing brain cells.
The disease is named after the English doctor James
Parkinson, who published the first detailed description in An
Essay on the Shaking Palsy in 1817. Several major
organizations promote research and improvement of quality of
life of those with the disease and their families.
9. PARKINSON’S DISEASE
The four primary symptoms of PD are tremor, or trembling in
hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face; rigidity, or stif fness of the
limbs and trunk; bradykinesia, or slowness of movement; and
postural instability, or impaired balance and coordination. As
these symptoms become more pronounced, patients may have
dif ficulty walking, talking, or completing other simple tasks.
PD usually af fects people over the age of 50.
10. PARKINSON’S DISEASE
There is no cure for Parkinson's disease, but
medications, surgery and multidisciplinary management can
provide relief from the symptoms.
The American Parkinson Disease Association, Inc. was
founded in 1961 to "ease the burden and find a cure" for
Parkinson's disease. Headquartered in New York, the
organization focuses its energies on research, patient
services, education and raising public awareness about the
disease. APDA supports nine Centers for Advanced
Research, 52 regional Information and Referral (I&R)
Centers, 45 chapters, and 250 af filiated support groups
nationwide.
11. VERTIGO
Vertigo is the feeling that you or your environment
is moving or spinning. It differs from dizziness in
that vertigo describes an illusion of movement.
When you feel as if you yourself are moving, it's
called subjective vertigo, and the perception that
your surroundings are moving is called objective
vertigo.
12. VERTIGO
Causes
Sudden head movements or moving the head in
a certain direction.
A viral or bacterial inner ear infection.
Head trauma and neck injury may also result in
vertigo
Migraine, a severe form of headache
13. VERTIGO
Symptoms
Vertigo implies that there is a sensation of motion
either of the person or the environment, often
perceived as if the room is spinning around you the
individual may also have any or all of these symptoms:
Sweating,
abnormal eye movements.
Nausea or vomiting
14. VERTIGO
Diagnosis
The evaluation of vertigo consists primarily of a
medical history and physical exam.
The doctor may perform tests such as a CT scan if a
brain injury is suspected to be the cause of vertigo.
Blood tests to check blood sugar levels and the use of
an electrocardiogram (ECG) to look at heart rhythm
may also be helpful
15. VERTIGO
Treatment Medications
Self-care at home • meclizine hydrochloride
(Antivert)
Home therapy • diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Supervision of a
doctor • scopolamine transdermal
patch (Transderm-Scop)
• promethazine hydrochloride
(Phenergan)
• diazepam (Valium)
16. VERTIGO
Prevention
People whose balance is affected by vertigo should
take precautions to prevent injuries from falls.
Those with risk factors for stroke should control
their high blood pressure and high cholesterol and
stop smoking.
Individuals with Meniere's disease should limit salt
in their diet.