Bob Coles. New uses for Qualitative Methods. Presented at 'Keeping Young People in Employment, Education and/or Training: Common challenges - Shared Solutions', 10-11 March 2014, Bucharest. Hosted by the Government of Romania and held in the Palace of Parliament.
School-to-Work Transitions after Two Decades of Post-Communist TransitionCRRC-Armenia
The document summarizes research on the labor market transitions of people aged 31-37 in 2007 in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. It finds that full employment remained elusive for many, with over half unable to find stable, well-paying jobs. Public sector employment was still an important source of higher-quality jobs, especially for women and university graduates. Salaries remained quite low overall, forcing many young people to continue living with their families. While some economic growth had occurred, its benefits were concentrated among the already advantaged, leaving the status quo largely unchanged.
Comparing Social Exclusion Among Young Homeless People in the Czech Republic,...FEANTSA
Presentation given by Dr Joan Smith, London Metropolitan University, UK and Dr Selma Muhič Dizdarevič, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Understanding Homelessness and Housing Exclusion in the New European Context", Budapest, Hungary, 2010
An estimate of the cost of being a child in Barcelona (Spain) through the Reference Budgets approach.
Work in progress - forms part of a thesis project by Irene Cusso Parcerisas, PhD candidate; Dr Elena Carrillo Alvarez; Dr Jordi Riera i Romani with the support of FPU programme by the MECD (Spain) at PSITIC Research Group. Universitat Ramon Llull (Barcelona). Facultat de Psicologia, Ciencies de l'Educacio i de l'Esport Blanquerna in collaboration with CSB-UA (Antwerp) within the ImPRovE project.
Presented at 'The impact of Poverty on Education - New Evidence of an Old Problem', Newcastle University, 12th June 2016
Accelerating Change for Social Inclusion project. Call for Proven Innovations addressed to Long-term Unemployed. Definition of the key elements of the social problem and the solutions.
Dr Ellen Boeren is Chancellor's Fellow (tenure track) at Moray House School of Education at the University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom). She got her PhD in Educational Sciences in May 2011 from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. On the 10th of July 2014, she gave a talk in a Ragged University event which was called "Participation, motivation and adult learning: similarities and differences across Europe". You can listen to the podcast here.
She is interested in the field of higher/adult/lifelong education and conducts European comparative research studies. She holds a special interest in survey methodology. Ellen teaches 'Research Methods' for MSc students at Moray House in Edinburgh. She was appointed as the new Chair of SCUTREA (Standing Conference on University Teaching and Research in the Education of Adults).
http://www.ragged-online.com/2015/04/podcast-dr-ellen-boeren-adult-education
Social science helps our lives become better in many ways. Find out about them here. https://www.palgrave.com/gp/social-science-matters/10-reasons-for-social-science
Deklaracja wypracowana w ramach procesu bońskiego, w grudniu 2020. Deklaracja zawiera strategicznych ramy dla dalszego rozwoju oraz wzmocnienia praktyk i polityki w zakresie pracy z młodzieżą w Europie na kolejne lata.
The problems of young people in modern society79040177050
The document discusses several problems faced by young people in modern society. The main issues identified are the fall of morality seen through increased crime, alcoholism and drug use. Societal norms have shifted such that lies, rudeness and debauchery are commonplace. This is influenced by movies, advertising and social media that glorify unhealthy behaviors. Additionally, some young people struggle to adapt to society due to relative weaknesses and internet/gambling addictions are problems. Alcoholism and bad habits are especially concerning given high rates of diseases among both children and adults.
School-to-Work Transitions after Two Decades of Post-Communist TransitionCRRC-Armenia
The document summarizes research on the labor market transitions of people aged 31-37 in 2007 in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. It finds that full employment remained elusive for many, with over half unable to find stable, well-paying jobs. Public sector employment was still an important source of higher-quality jobs, especially for women and university graduates. Salaries remained quite low overall, forcing many young people to continue living with their families. While some economic growth had occurred, its benefits were concentrated among the already advantaged, leaving the status quo largely unchanged.
Comparing Social Exclusion Among Young Homeless People in the Czech Republic,...FEANTSA
Presentation given by Dr Joan Smith, London Metropolitan University, UK and Dr Selma Muhič Dizdarevič, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Understanding Homelessness and Housing Exclusion in the New European Context", Budapest, Hungary, 2010
An estimate of the cost of being a child in Barcelona (Spain) through the Reference Budgets approach.
Work in progress - forms part of a thesis project by Irene Cusso Parcerisas, PhD candidate; Dr Elena Carrillo Alvarez; Dr Jordi Riera i Romani with the support of FPU programme by the MECD (Spain) at PSITIC Research Group. Universitat Ramon Llull (Barcelona). Facultat de Psicologia, Ciencies de l'Educacio i de l'Esport Blanquerna in collaboration with CSB-UA (Antwerp) within the ImPRovE project.
Presented at 'The impact of Poverty on Education - New Evidence of an Old Problem', Newcastle University, 12th June 2016
Accelerating Change for Social Inclusion project. Call for Proven Innovations addressed to Long-term Unemployed. Definition of the key elements of the social problem and the solutions.
Dr Ellen Boeren is Chancellor's Fellow (tenure track) at Moray House School of Education at the University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom). She got her PhD in Educational Sciences in May 2011 from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. On the 10th of July 2014, she gave a talk in a Ragged University event which was called "Participation, motivation and adult learning: similarities and differences across Europe". You can listen to the podcast here.
She is interested in the field of higher/adult/lifelong education and conducts European comparative research studies. She holds a special interest in survey methodology. Ellen teaches 'Research Methods' for MSc students at Moray House in Edinburgh. She was appointed as the new Chair of SCUTREA (Standing Conference on University Teaching and Research in the Education of Adults).
http://www.ragged-online.com/2015/04/podcast-dr-ellen-boeren-adult-education
Social science helps our lives become better in many ways. Find out about them here. https://www.palgrave.com/gp/social-science-matters/10-reasons-for-social-science
Deklaracja wypracowana w ramach procesu bońskiego, w grudniu 2020. Deklaracja zawiera strategicznych ramy dla dalszego rozwoju oraz wzmocnienia praktyk i polityki w zakresie pracy z młodzieżą w Europie na kolejne lata.
The problems of young people in modern society79040177050
The document discusses several problems faced by young people in modern society. The main issues identified are the fall of morality seen through increased crime, alcoholism and drug use. Societal norms have shifted such that lies, rudeness and debauchery are commonplace. This is influenced by movies, advertising and social media that glorify unhealthy behaviors. Additionally, some young people struggle to adapt to society due to relative weaknesses and internet/gambling addictions are problems. Alcoholism and bad habits are especially concerning given high rates of diseases among both children and adults.
The document summarizes a study comparing juvenile crime in the Veneto and Sicily regions of Italy. It conducted a case-control analysis to examine the relationship between poverty, economic crisis, and juvenile crime. The study collected data via questionnaires from 257 juvenile offenders in Sicily and 159 in Veneto, and matched this with control data from consumption and living standards surveys. Using a Bayesian sampling approach, the study found the sample to be representative. It analyzed differences in socioeconomic characteristics, social relationships, and consumption between the case and control groups to identify causal risk factors for juvenile crime.
Advantages & Challenges of collecting & using longitudinal studies for research and policy.
Marta Favara, Senior Research Officer & Paul Dornan, Senior Policy Officer
Young Lives, University of Oxford
DFID Statistics Conference
6 September 2016
A presentation by Virginia Morrow as part of the Practicalities of Cohort and Longitudinal Research panel discussion at the International Symposium on Cohort and Longitudinal Studies in Developing Contexts, UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, Florence, Italy 13-15 October 2014
1) The integration of immigrants should be measured by both disadvantage (differences in outcomes between immigrants and natives) and penalty (differences that remain after controlling for personal characteristics).
2) Longitudinal data is needed to properly evaluate integration over time, but such data is lacking in Italy. Cross-sectional data using "years since migration" as a proxy is flawed.
3) Differences in living conditions between families with all immigrants and mixed families were surprisingly small, raising questions about composition effects.
1. Inequality is rising globally and within the EU, threatening economic growth and social cohesion.
2. A mixed policy response is needed that promotes inclusive growth through jobs, social protection, and reducing inequality of opportunity. Social investment policies that boost human capital from an early age can help drive participation and productivity.
3. Transforming welfare systems into ones focused on social investment, like supporting education and women's participation, can help countries adapt to demographic changes and perform better economically. The EU needs more coordinated, fair social policies to strengthen its legitimacy and long-term viability.
Precarious employment, employment quality and workers’ health and well-being �sophieproject
1. The document analyzes data from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey to classify European jobs into five categories based on 13 indicators of employment quality.
2. The five categories are: standard employment-like jobs, instrumental jobs, portfolio jobs, precarious unsustainable jobs, and precarious intensive jobs.
3. Characteristics and outcomes are described for each category, such as which groups are more likely to have each job type and their levels of job security, benefits, work-life balance, and health.
A presentation by David Bravo as part of Impacts of Inequality on Children's Well-being panel discussion at the International Symposium on Cohort and Longitudinal Studies in Developing Contexts, UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, Florence, Italy 13-15 October 2014
Equity in the Basic Education Opportunities in EgyptEman Refaat
This document analyzes equity in basic education opportunities in Egypt by comparing rates of children who have never attended school or dropped out before completing basic education at the national, rural, and poorest village levels. At the national level, 2.3% of children aged 10-15 have never attended school, compared to 3.3% at the rural level and 6.8% at the poorest village level. Girls, children with disabilities, and those from poorer households are more likely to have never attended school. The document uses logistic regression to analyze factors associated with lack of school attendance and survival analysis to examine factors related to dropping out.
Center for Immigration Studies Report Exaggerates Immigrant Welfar.docxketurahhazelhurst
Center for Immigration Studies Report Exaggerates Immigrant Welfare Use
By Alex Nowrasteh
Share
The Center for Immigration Studies (CIS) released a new report this morning on immigrant welfare use. CIS found that immigrants use far more welfare than natives do. CIS’ methodology, parts of which are suspect, is what produced this result – as we’ve pointed out to CIS multipletimes. They also omitted a lot of information that would make for a better comparison between immigrants and natives. Simply put, the CIS study does not compare apples to apples but rather apples to elephants.
The first issue is that CIS counts the welfare use of households, which includes many native-born American citizens, rather than individuals. There might be some good reasons to do this but the immigrant-headed household variable CIS uses is ambiguous, poorly defined, and less used in modern research for those reasons. To CIS’ credit they try to separate out households with children but didn’t separate out American-born spouses. There is debate largely over whether to count the American born children of immigrants as a welfare cost of immigration. If we should count them, shouldn’t we also count the welfare use of grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and great-great-grandchildren of immigrants? Such a way of counting would obviously produce a negative result but it would also not be informative.
Another problem with counting households rather than individuals is that immigrants and natives have different sized households. According to the American Community Survey, immigrant households have on average 3.37 people in them compared to 2.5 people in native-born households. All else remaining equal, we should expect higher welfare use in immigrant households just because they’re larger. CIS should have corrected for household size by focusing on individual welfare use – which is included in the SIPP.
The second issue with the CIS report is that it does not correct for income. Since means-tested welfare programs are designed for those with lower incomes, it makes sense to only compare use rates among those with lower incomes. It is not enlightening to statistically compare the welfare use rates of rich immigrants and Americans like Elon Musk or Bill Gates to poorer immigrants and Americans as the CIS report does.
The interesting question is not whether poor people use more welfare than rich people but whether poor immigrants are more likely to use more welfare than poor natives. Our research found that poor immigrants are less likely to use welfare than poor natives. The CIS report isn’t very useful because it doesn’t correct for this.
The third issue with the CIS report is that they omitted the cash value of welfare benefits consumed by immigrant and native households. CIS only analyzed the use rates for each welfare program but they do not tell you how much welfare was actually consumed. For instance, the cash value for many welfare benefits are determined by the number ...
Accelerating Change for Social Inclusion project. Call for Proven Innovations addressed to Children at Risk of Exclusion. Definition of the key elements of the social problem and the solutions.
Strong Foundations recommended four areas to better achieve ECCE: 1) move ECCE up agendas, 2) increase public funding and target interventions, 3) upgrade the ECCE workforce, and 4) improve monitoring. However, progress has been insufficient. Six challenges remain: 1) ECCE is neglected in frameworks, 2) policy frameworks are weak, 3) financing is insufficient, 4) benefits do not reach those most in need, 5) quality is variable, and 6) monitoring is inadequate. To make progress, advocacy must be improved to increase political commitment and financing issues must be resolved by examining innovative techniques to increase domestic and international funding for ECCE.
This document provides an overview of the VISCED project which aims to identify and understand virtual schools across the world with a focus on Europe. The project has produced over 100 country reports, identified around 450 virtual schools globally including 59 in Europe, developed a typology of virtual schools, and plans to conduct 10 case studies. Future work will include consolidating country reports, expanding the list of exemplars, conducting piloting in 5 institutions, developing success factors analysis, and contributing to EU policies around regulating virtual schools.
Conference social mobility cueto - mexico-2016-final 2Young Lives Oxford
Young Lives is a longitudinal study that has been following children in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam since 2002 to understand the impacts of poverty. It aims to generate high-quality evidence to influence pro-poor policies. Key themes include health, education, gender and child protection. Young Lives works to build research capacity, disseminate findings, promote evidence uptake by policymakers, and innovate methodology. Case studies show how Young Lives research has contributed to programs like Ethiopia's Child Research and Policy Forum and Peru's Juntos conditional cash transfer program.
Young Lives is a longitudinal study that has been following children in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam since 2002 to understand the impacts of poverty. It aims to generate high-quality evidence to influence pro-poor policies. Key themes include health, education, gender and child protection. Young Lives works to build research capacity, disseminate findings, promote evidence uptake by policymakers, and innovate methodology. Case studies show how Young Lives research has contributed to programs like Ethiopia's Child Research and Policy Forum and Peru's Juntos conditional cash transfer program.
Santiago Cueto, coordinador en el país de Niños del Milenio / Young Lives, expuso sobre cómo influye el estudio en las políticas públicas de los diferentes países en Conference on Social Mobility de CEEY Mexico el 18 de noviembre del 2016.
The Global Ageing Experience Project conducted ethnographic research in 7 European countries to understand experiences of aging. Key findings include:
- People want to focus on their abilities rather than limitations and maintain independence.
- The home environment is crucial to quality of life as people age, providing memories, possessions and the space to spend their later years.
- Healthcare and support systems are large and complex, difficult for older people to navigate.
- However, older people are resilient and resourceful in managing their health and finding needed support. Understanding the individual experience of aging is important for developing appropriate services and policies.
1. The document discusses progress made since the 2010 Marmot Review on health inequalities in England in ensuring every child has the best start in life.
2. While some steps have been taken like expanding early childhood programs, funding has also been cut to services that support families and children.
3. Integrating services across sectors like education, healthcare and social services is presented as a way to better support children's health and development with existing resources.
Young Adults with Disabilities in Israel--Integration into Employmentmjbinstitute
In recent decades, young adults have encountered increasing difficulty in entering the workforce both in Israel and abroad. The issue is more severe for young adults with disabilities and/or low-level education.
This report from the Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute presents – for the first time in Israel – comprehensive, up-to-date information on the characteristics of young adults with disabilities, the extent of their integration into work and studies, their difficulties, the various systems they rely on, and their needs for assistance. The study aims to raise awareness of their needs and to provide a basis for planning policy and programs that ease their transition to adult life.
For more information on this report or other MJB studies, email us at brook@jdc.org.il, and visit us at http://brookdale.jdc.org.il/ and www.facebook.com/MJBInstitute.
UNICEF and OHCHR call on governments in Europe and Central Asia to end the practice of placing children under three years old, including those with disabilities, in institutional care. While reforms have been ongoing, the rates of institutionalization in the region remain extraordinarily high, with over 600,000 children living in institutions. Placement of young children in institutional care should only be used as an absolute last resort and for short term emergencies of no more than six months. It is time to prioritize developing family and community-based care alternatives to support vulnerable families and children, especially those with disabilities.
This document summarizes current experiences and trends in reforming minimum income schemes in the EU. It finds that while some countries have been more effective at reducing poverty through minimum income schemes, there is no single best design. Effectiveness depends on adequate minimum income levels combined with decent minimum wages, inclusive labor policies, and generous family support. The document also discusses debates around reference budgets, complementing benefits, and improving coverage and take-up of minimum income schemes.
Open Day talk presented by Dr Simon Cauvain, Admissions Tutor for the BA Social Work. Find out more about our courses at http://www.york.ac.uk/spsw/undergraduate/
Dr Aniela Wenham. Presented at the Innovation in Youth Work Conference, 13 May 2014, YMCA George Williams College, London. How do we measure the value of Youth Work? The use of Qualitative Longitudinal Research.
The document summarizes a study comparing juvenile crime in the Veneto and Sicily regions of Italy. It conducted a case-control analysis to examine the relationship between poverty, economic crisis, and juvenile crime. The study collected data via questionnaires from 257 juvenile offenders in Sicily and 159 in Veneto, and matched this with control data from consumption and living standards surveys. Using a Bayesian sampling approach, the study found the sample to be representative. It analyzed differences in socioeconomic characteristics, social relationships, and consumption between the case and control groups to identify causal risk factors for juvenile crime.
Advantages & Challenges of collecting & using longitudinal studies for research and policy.
Marta Favara, Senior Research Officer & Paul Dornan, Senior Policy Officer
Young Lives, University of Oxford
DFID Statistics Conference
6 September 2016
A presentation by Virginia Morrow as part of the Practicalities of Cohort and Longitudinal Research panel discussion at the International Symposium on Cohort and Longitudinal Studies in Developing Contexts, UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, Florence, Italy 13-15 October 2014
1) The integration of immigrants should be measured by both disadvantage (differences in outcomes between immigrants and natives) and penalty (differences that remain after controlling for personal characteristics).
2) Longitudinal data is needed to properly evaluate integration over time, but such data is lacking in Italy. Cross-sectional data using "years since migration" as a proxy is flawed.
3) Differences in living conditions between families with all immigrants and mixed families were surprisingly small, raising questions about composition effects.
1. Inequality is rising globally and within the EU, threatening economic growth and social cohesion.
2. A mixed policy response is needed that promotes inclusive growth through jobs, social protection, and reducing inequality of opportunity. Social investment policies that boost human capital from an early age can help drive participation and productivity.
3. Transforming welfare systems into ones focused on social investment, like supporting education and women's participation, can help countries adapt to demographic changes and perform better economically. The EU needs more coordinated, fair social policies to strengthen its legitimacy and long-term viability.
Precarious employment, employment quality and workers’ health and well-being �sophieproject
1. The document analyzes data from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey to classify European jobs into five categories based on 13 indicators of employment quality.
2. The five categories are: standard employment-like jobs, instrumental jobs, portfolio jobs, precarious unsustainable jobs, and precarious intensive jobs.
3. Characteristics and outcomes are described for each category, such as which groups are more likely to have each job type and their levels of job security, benefits, work-life balance, and health.
A presentation by David Bravo as part of Impacts of Inequality on Children's Well-being panel discussion at the International Symposium on Cohort and Longitudinal Studies in Developing Contexts, UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, Florence, Italy 13-15 October 2014
Equity in the Basic Education Opportunities in EgyptEman Refaat
This document analyzes equity in basic education opportunities in Egypt by comparing rates of children who have never attended school or dropped out before completing basic education at the national, rural, and poorest village levels. At the national level, 2.3% of children aged 10-15 have never attended school, compared to 3.3% at the rural level and 6.8% at the poorest village level. Girls, children with disabilities, and those from poorer households are more likely to have never attended school. The document uses logistic regression to analyze factors associated with lack of school attendance and survival analysis to examine factors related to dropping out.
Center for Immigration Studies Report Exaggerates Immigrant Welfar.docxketurahhazelhurst
Center for Immigration Studies Report Exaggerates Immigrant Welfare Use
By Alex Nowrasteh
Share
The Center for Immigration Studies (CIS) released a new report this morning on immigrant welfare use. CIS found that immigrants use far more welfare than natives do. CIS’ methodology, parts of which are suspect, is what produced this result – as we’ve pointed out to CIS multipletimes. They also omitted a lot of information that would make for a better comparison between immigrants and natives. Simply put, the CIS study does not compare apples to apples but rather apples to elephants.
The first issue is that CIS counts the welfare use of households, which includes many native-born American citizens, rather than individuals. There might be some good reasons to do this but the immigrant-headed household variable CIS uses is ambiguous, poorly defined, and less used in modern research for those reasons. To CIS’ credit they try to separate out households with children but didn’t separate out American-born spouses. There is debate largely over whether to count the American born children of immigrants as a welfare cost of immigration. If we should count them, shouldn’t we also count the welfare use of grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and great-great-grandchildren of immigrants? Such a way of counting would obviously produce a negative result but it would also not be informative.
Another problem with counting households rather than individuals is that immigrants and natives have different sized households. According to the American Community Survey, immigrant households have on average 3.37 people in them compared to 2.5 people in native-born households. All else remaining equal, we should expect higher welfare use in immigrant households just because they’re larger. CIS should have corrected for household size by focusing on individual welfare use – which is included in the SIPP.
The second issue with the CIS report is that it does not correct for income. Since means-tested welfare programs are designed for those with lower incomes, it makes sense to only compare use rates among those with lower incomes. It is not enlightening to statistically compare the welfare use rates of rich immigrants and Americans like Elon Musk or Bill Gates to poorer immigrants and Americans as the CIS report does.
The interesting question is not whether poor people use more welfare than rich people but whether poor immigrants are more likely to use more welfare than poor natives. Our research found that poor immigrants are less likely to use welfare than poor natives. The CIS report isn’t very useful because it doesn’t correct for this.
The third issue with the CIS report is that they omitted the cash value of welfare benefits consumed by immigrant and native households. CIS only analyzed the use rates for each welfare program but they do not tell you how much welfare was actually consumed. For instance, the cash value for many welfare benefits are determined by the number ...
Accelerating Change for Social Inclusion project. Call for Proven Innovations addressed to Children at Risk of Exclusion. Definition of the key elements of the social problem and the solutions.
Strong Foundations recommended four areas to better achieve ECCE: 1) move ECCE up agendas, 2) increase public funding and target interventions, 3) upgrade the ECCE workforce, and 4) improve monitoring. However, progress has been insufficient. Six challenges remain: 1) ECCE is neglected in frameworks, 2) policy frameworks are weak, 3) financing is insufficient, 4) benefits do not reach those most in need, 5) quality is variable, and 6) monitoring is inadequate. To make progress, advocacy must be improved to increase political commitment and financing issues must be resolved by examining innovative techniques to increase domestic and international funding for ECCE.
This document provides an overview of the VISCED project which aims to identify and understand virtual schools across the world with a focus on Europe. The project has produced over 100 country reports, identified around 450 virtual schools globally including 59 in Europe, developed a typology of virtual schools, and plans to conduct 10 case studies. Future work will include consolidating country reports, expanding the list of exemplars, conducting piloting in 5 institutions, developing success factors analysis, and contributing to EU policies around regulating virtual schools.
Conference social mobility cueto - mexico-2016-final 2Young Lives Oxford
Young Lives is a longitudinal study that has been following children in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam since 2002 to understand the impacts of poverty. It aims to generate high-quality evidence to influence pro-poor policies. Key themes include health, education, gender and child protection. Young Lives works to build research capacity, disseminate findings, promote evidence uptake by policymakers, and innovate methodology. Case studies show how Young Lives research has contributed to programs like Ethiopia's Child Research and Policy Forum and Peru's Juntos conditional cash transfer program.
Young Lives is a longitudinal study that has been following children in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam since 2002 to understand the impacts of poverty. It aims to generate high-quality evidence to influence pro-poor policies. Key themes include health, education, gender and child protection. Young Lives works to build research capacity, disseminate findings, promote evidence uptake by policymakers, and innovate methodology. Case studies show how Young Lives research has contributed to programs like Ethiopia's Child Research and Policy Forum and Peru's Juntos conditional cash transfer program.
Santiago Cueto, coordinador en el país de Niños del Milenio / Young Lives, expuso sobre cómo influye el estudio en las políticas públicas de los diferentes países en Conference on Social Mobility de CEEY Mexico el 18 de noviembre del 2016.
The Global Ageing Experience Project conducted ethnographic research in 7 European countries to understand experiences of aging. Key findings include:
- People want to focus on their abilities rather than limitations and maintain independence.
- The home environment is crucial to quality of life as people age, providing memories, possessions and the space to spend their later years.
- Healthcare and support systems are large and complex, difficult for older people to navigate.
- However, older people are resilient and resourceful in managing their health and finding needed support. Understanding the individual experience of aging is important for developing appropriate services and policies.
1. The document discusses progress made since the 2010 Marmot Review on health inequalities in England in ensuring every child has the best start in life.
2. While some steps have been taken like expanding early childhood programs, funding has also been cut to services that support families and children.
3. Integrating services across sectors like education, healthcare and social services is presented as a way to better support children's health and development with existing resources.
Young Adults with Disabilities in Israel--Integration into Employmentmjbinstitute
In recent decades, young adults have encountered increasing difficulty in entering the workforce both in Israel and abroad. The issue is more severe for young adults with disabilities and/or low-level education.
This report from the Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute presents – for the first time in Israel – comprehensive, up-to-date information on the characteristics of young adults with disabilities, the extent of their integration into work and studies, their difficulties, the various systems they rely on, and their needs for assistance. The study aims to raise awareness of their needs and to provide a basis for planning policy and programs that ease their transition to adult life.
For more information on this report or other MJB studies, email us at brook@jdc.org.il, and visit us at http://brookdale.jdc.org.il/ and www.facebook.com/MJBInstitute.
UNICEF and OHCHR call on governments in Europe and Central Asia to end the practice of placing children under three years old, including those with disabilities, in institutional care. While reforms have been ongoing, the rates of institutionalization in the region remain extraordinarily high, with over 600,000 children living in institutions. Placement of young children in institutional care should only be used as an absolute last resort and for short term emergencies of no more than six months. It is time to prioritize developing family and community-based care alternatives to support vulnerable families and children, especially those with disabilities.
This document summarizes current experiences and trends in reforming minimum income schemes in the EU. It finds that while some countries have been more effective at reducing poverty through minimum income schemes, there is no single best design. Effectiveness depends on adequate minimum income levels combined with decent minimum wages, inclusive labor policies, and generous family support. The document also discusses debates around reference budgets, complementing benefits, and improving coverage and take-up of minimum income schemes.
Open Day talk presented by Dr Simon Cauvain, Admissions Tutor for the BA Social Work. Find out more about our courses at http://www.york.ac.uk/spsw/undergraduate/
Dr Aniela Wenham. Presented at the Innovation in Youth Work Conference, 13 May 2014, YMCA George Williams College, London. How do we measure the value of Youth Work? The use of Qualitative Longitudinal Research.
Social work research faces several challenges, including differing local and national research cultures, late entry into research careers, social work being subordinate to other disciplines, insular communities, lack of research skills and networks, and keeping up with technological changes. The document discusses responding to these challenges by fostering social justice and understanding through research, finding ways to work across differences in methodology and disciplines, and examining the relationship between practice and research.
This document discusses the relationship between social work and sociology in the early 20th century. It notes that sociologists accessed urban life through social work agency records and case studies. The case method was seen as important for sociological research in understanding community and group processes. Social workers began using casebooks around 1900 which grew from charity organization work. Both fields saw value in the case method for understanding individuals in their social contexts. The document examines debates between early social work thinkers and sociologists on how to record and interpret case information in ways that were sociologically and clinically useful.
This document summarizes Ian Shaw's presentation titled "The Academization of the Professions" given on July 3, 2012. It discusses how professional practice poses challenges to disciplinary work rather than being simply based on it. It also notes the inevitable but risky nature of emphasizing professional distinctives. Shaw argues for a relation between fields that is like adjacent open systems with intellectual reciprocity based on egalitarian respect.
This document summarizes Ian Shaw's workshop on "Evaluating in Practice: Interrupting, Translating and Inhabiting Qualitative Inquiry as Professional Practice" presented at the European Conference for Social Work Research in Oxford, 2011. Shaw discusses evaluating qualitative social work as a form of "methodological practice" that should occur at every phase, not just the end, of a project. He also outlines four common problems with how research and practice are conceived, and proposes commitments and skills like translating, counter-colonizing, and inhabiting to address these issues. Finally, the document provides examples of exercises Shaw discussed for using methods like visual techniques, narrative, and ethnography in social work evaluation and practice.
This document summarizes Ian Shaw's career path from being a probation officer to a professor focusing on social work research. It discusses his passions for writing, qualitative research methodology, and collaborating with others. It outlines some of his joys, such as writing with his daughter, founding journals, and resisting government pressure. Finally, it provides a short list of Shaw's publications.
This document summarizes Ian Shaw's 2011 presentation on the challenges of life from a global perspective. Shaw discusses various global challenges like climate change, terrorism, and economic recession. He also examines how events in distant locations can impact local life due to increased globalization and connectivity. Shaw explores debates around whether globalization has increased social polarization, the loss of state power, and the impact of issues like poverty, migration and drug trade across borders. He notes challenges this poses for achieving global social justice. Finally, Shaw reflects on how to balance global and local approaches in fields like social work, education and welfare.
This document summarizes Hannah Jobling's research on Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in England and Wales. The research uses ethnographic methods to understand how CTOs are implemented in practice and their implications. It develops a typology of CTOs based on service user engagement (active, passive, resistant) and goals (acceptance, resistance). Case studies illustrate different experiences, influenced by context and relationships. The research aims to understand CTO outcomes based on how individuals interpret and respond to interventions, given their personal experiences and beliefs. It concludes CTO success and failure cannot be simply judged and outcomes should be viewed broadly, beyond effectiveness.
Hannah Jobling. 'Community Treatment Orders: A Tale of Two Policy Transfers', European Conference for Social Work Research, University of Basel, Switzerland, 23rd March 2012.
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1. NEET as a “wicked social problem”
New uses for QUALITATIVE METHODS
Bob Coles University of York, UK
Bucharest - March 10th 2014
2. FIVE aims of the presentation
1. To examine the implications of focussing on NEET rather than youth
unemployment
2. To highlight some of the problems of relying
on measures of both NEET and youth
unemployment based upon large scale
“household surveys” alone
3. To examine the value of qualitative methods
in our understanding of NEET:
•
Giving a voice to young people
through case studies
Calculating the cost-effectiveness
of interventions
4. To emphasise the importance of studying BOTH
SIDES of THE LABOUR MARKET and the potential
role of government interventions in both
5. Concluding remarks: - NEET as a “wicked social problem”
3. Why NEET and not “youth unemployment”?
• NEET (not in employment, education or training)
- Academics remain sceptical about the concept
- Defined by a set of negatives (but no positive)
- Diversity between sub-groups - little homogeneity
A more obvious alternative? The 5 million plus youth unemployed.
• Unemployment (ILO definition) = “seeking” + “available” for work
BUT
• There are other young people
- “excluded” from
the labour force
- “not economically active”
- (..yet)
- 2.5 million NEET
- but not “unemployed”
These include categories of vulnerable young people:
young carers; teen mothers; young people with SEN or disabilities;
care leavers; young offenders; young travellers etc.
- no less worthy of our attention, help and intervention
• Whose return to work may be via longer and more complex journeys – but not impossible
4. The problem of measuring both youth unemployment
and NEET through household surveys alone
• Plenary 1: EUROFOUND – excellent authoritative report
on NEET and youth unemployment across Europe
• Wish to be both complimentary and our work complementray
• Eurofound mainly uses data collected on both NEET and
youth unemployment from household surveys
• Chapter 5 of their report points out that some categories
of young people are unlikely to be included in such surveys:
• Those not in households; - institutions, the army,
hospitals, prison, residential care, young
homeless, hard-to-reach or traveller families
ALSO more likely to be NEET (and in vulnerable categories)
• Not (yet) available for employment
•
i.e. NEET but not “unemployed” as defined by ILO
SO is this more effectively studied through (other)
(perhaps longitudinal) qualitative methods ?
5. (Longitudinal) Qualitative Methods
Developments in 21st century Youth Studies and American
Criminology – suggest alternatives to the analysis of
quantitative data from big sample surveys
Laub, John and Sampson, Robert, (2003), Shared Beginnings
Divergent Lives, Harvard, Cambridge
- Studies a cohort of delinquent boys in Boston from 1930s
- Cohort studied repeatedly using quantitative methods
- persistent offenders versus the reformed desisters
- For this study the use of qualitative interviews at age 70
• - able to identify turning points, “critical moments”, crossroads
• Mundane events (marriage or the army)
Henderson, S et al., Inventing Adulthood (2007), London, Sage
• Six interviews with YP aged 11-28
• Also identified “critical moments”, cross roads
• Can we utilise this approach in the study of NEET?
• And can “critical moments” be “designed” and deliberate?
• Are these “interventions” strategic and policy driven rather than
unplanned and accidental mundane events?
• Can our samples (or case studies) be structured around
known vulnerable categories of (NEET) young people?
6. The Cost of NEET in the UK (2010)
Research for the UK Audit Commission included macro-costing estimates
(as previously attempted in 2002)
BUT ALSO
• Extended case study analysis (17 cases)
• SEVEN Type A case studies (real cases and success stories)
• including: SEN disabilities; care leavers (x 2); teenage
• mum; young carer; young offender; school drop-out
• SEVEN contrasting Type B case studies (with ideal
typical but more pessimistic scenarios), based on wider
research samples of the category as carried out by
social researchers
• Also THREE base-line cases:
• One case of a person who was never NEET
• One more typical NEET who churned between NEET and precarious jobs
• One mid-life FE “returner” - re-starting his career
BUT ALSO ... the “new” bit ....
• For each of the 17 case studies, we made a detailed calculation
of the life-time public finance cost
(including working out the cost of any welfare interventions)
So we could calculate the cost-effectiveness of interventions
7. Costing the case studies
• Main types of public finance cost included:
• Mainly unemployment benefit
• and income tax losses
• Child related costs (including tax credits)
• Life-time public finance cost of cases
Varies significantly (including base-line cases):
• Not NEET – Eve (who has 2 children)
£64K
• NEET to life-time churner – Simon (also 2 children) £293K
• Mid-life-returner (no children) – Tom
£142K
(cf Tariq B – the life-time cost of (involving crime) of £2.6million)
• So some costs which accrue are specific to categories of NEET
• Criminal justice costs
• Social welfare cost
• Cost of taking a child into care
Health costs
8. How do the case studies work?
One example: SEN - disability: Dan A (real case)
Unusual early diagnosis of autism
– followed by 14 years of support
Narrative
• Diagnosis at age 8
• Support in 2 years of junior school
• Extra support on school transfer at
age 11
• Support for 5 years in secondary
school
• School sixth form
• University- AoN + support
• Drop out from PGCE
• Employed in non-grad job
9. Special Educational Needs: DAN B
(More usual scenario based on research literature)
Narrative
• No diagnosis in junior school
• Disaffection (truancy) at age 11-12
• Diagnosis of autism at age 13
• Some school support BUT
• Only gets 4 x F and G grades
• Leaves school at age 16 (NEET)
• Connexions and training = E2E
• But can’t cope; drops out
• Mainly benefits - Employment
Support Allowance (ESA)
• Age 40 becomes a carer
10. Cost differences of A and B
Dan B
Dan A
•
•
•
•
•
Diagnosis
=
School transfer
=
5 years sec school =
School sixth form =
University
Extra support
=
• Life time Employed
• TOTAL
=
£2K
£3K
£8K
£4K
£5K
£22K
• EWO x 2
• Diagnosis
• School extras
=
=
=
£1K
£2K?
£7K
At 16 NEET
• Connexions Advisor = £1K
• Youth training
= £4K
• Benefits
= £87K
• Carers allowance = £114.7K
TOTAL
= £217.7K
+ Lost Tax and NI
= £424,278
TOTAL
Public finance cost = £641,984
11. FOUR lessons (even from base-line cases)
1. NEET and youth unemployment must be thought of as long
and complex, DYNAMIC PROCESS rather than a single
static “status” (NEET or not-NEET)
- Many young people move in and out of employment,
sometimes because the jobs they obtain are often
short-term or insecure (Simon)
Many NEETers
become “churners”
2. Much of this is often the result of labour market
DEMAND (the job-contracts on offer) rather
than the characteristics of the young person
BUT of even more importance for Romania we must recognise:
3. The profile of NEET in different countries is likely to vary
– according to the prevalence of different types of
NEET, and different types of Labour Market
attachment/detachment
4. The public finance costs of NEET will also vary between countries according
to differences in welfare regimes and benefit entitlements
12. 3 more lessons: on interventions and impact
(Please note this slide may be only briefly covered in the presentation)
5. Interventions across the case studies in our research varied
enormously in the type, length of support, and their cost
• Many of the intervention costs are very modest (e.g. £4K per case)
• But sometimes interventions were long term and complex
(e.g. Dan A - early diagnosis and 14 years of support)
6. One element acting ALONE unlikely to be “causal”
• Focus on BOTH sides of the LM - the type of jobs available
as well as the education and skills of young people
• A need for an holistic study of the full circumstances of YPs lives
• (The biggest intervention cost (£265K) was not for intervention
• with a young person at all, but the cost of caring for the father of a
young carer - His father was 70 and had dementia.)
7. The biggest cost differences between A and B scenarios
= £2million – was the cost of those careers which involved
persistent offending and imprisonment
• Other major cost involve children being taken into care
– which we costed as just short of £1million for a single case
13. Romanian case studies
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pN0mlAly4YU
UNICEF is making available more detail of
the case studies (in written form)
as well as detail about its on-going project
The lessons I learned from the film:
1. The profile of NEET in Romania may be
different to other countries across Europe?
2. It may be wise to explore this further from
the beginning and before any future expansion of programmes?
3. The cost of NEET must be counted in terms other than Lei or Euro or £s
But in terms of “wasted lives” - with either human suffering vs human fulfilment
14. NEET as a “wicked social problem”?
“Wicked social problems”? NOT – evil or bad or simply “cool” BUT
“A wicked problem is a social or cultural problem that is difficult or
impossible to define and sometimes difficult or impossible to solve”
EXAMPLES – poverty, climate change, .... flooding, .... and NEET
15. NEET as a “wicked social problem”
•
•
•
•
•
Difficult to define with any precision
Complex and multi-factorial (NOT a single issue)
No single cause (complex multi-causal)
Requiring disaggregated and multiple solutions
Likely to require partnership arrangements (and
alliances between different agencies) to have any significant impact
• Also likely to be fairly intractable and require a commitment to complex
and long-term interventions
• All this is why governments usually try to avoid them,
redefine them in their own terms (“scroungers”),
or bury them!
(NEET 16-18 an obsession 1999-2010 is now about to become simply illegal in the UK)
Many of the interventions introduced in the UK before 2010
(Connexions Strategy and the Educational Maintenance Allowance)
- all abandoned since 2010
16. Conclusions
1. Romania and EU are brave (but right) to focus on
NEET rather than simply “youth unemployment”
2. You may need to spend some time at the
start looking at the complex heterogeneity
of NEET (here in Romania rather than in Europe in general)
3. To do so might need the use of research conducted on small,
carefully targeted, samples and by using qualitative methods
• These may also reveal previously hidden
but vulnerable (categories of?) young people
• It can also help calculate the cost of NEET
• And identify strategic (critical) moments for
intervention
4.
BUT ... NEET is a wicked social problem
Do not expect quick, magical solutions
•
5.
Intervene on labour market demand (with employers) as well
as supply (young people)
Investing in NEET may be a long and difficult journey
• But because it is cost-effective - it is worth it !
17. References
• Audit Commission (2010), Against the Odds. London, Audit Commission
http://archive.audit-commission.gov.uk/auditcommission/sitecollectiondocuments/Downloads/20100707-againsttheoddsfull.pdf
• Britton, L. Chatrik, B., Coles, B., Craig, G., Hylton, C. and Mumtaz, S. (2002) Missing Connexions:
The career dynamics and welfare needs of black and minority ethnic young people at the margins.
Bristol, The Policy Press.
• Brown, Valerie et al. (2010). Tackling Wicked Problems through Trans-disciplinary Imagination.
London, Routledge.
• Coles, B. (1995) Youth and Social Policy. London, UCL.
• Coles, B. (2000) Joined-Up Youth Research, Policy and Practice: The new agenda for change?
Leicester, Youth Work Press-Barnardos.
• Coles, B. (2011). Youth. In In Defence of Welfare: The Implications of the Spending Review, Yeates,
N., Haux, T., Jawad, R., and Kilkey, M. (eds), London, Social Policy Association.
• Coles, B (2014) Small drop in NEETs but who counts the cost of the missing, Feb 27th 2014
https://theconversation.com/small-drop-in-neets-but-who-counts-the-cost-of-the-missing-23746
• Coles, B., Hutton S., Bradshaw, J., Craig, G., Godfrey, C. and Johnson, J. (2002), Literature review of
the costs of being ‘not in education, employment or training’ at age 16-18, Research Report, 347,
Department of Education and Skills, Nottingham.
• Coles, B., Britton, L. and Hicks, L. (2004). Building Better Connexions: Inter-agency work and the
Connexions Service, Bristol, Policy Press.
• Coles, B., et al (2010) Estimating the life-time cost of NEET: 16-18 year olds not in Education,
Employment or Training, http://www.york.ac.uk/media/spsw/Documents/research-andpublications/NEET_Final_Report_July_2010_York.pdf
• Cusworth, L., Bradshaw, J., Coles, B., Keung, A. & Chzhen, Y. (2009) Understanding the Risks of
Social Exclusion Across the Life Course: Youth and Young Adulthood, Social Exclusion Task
Force/Cabinet Office.
18. References (continued)
• Eurofound (2012) NEETs: Young people not in employment, education or training: Characteristics,
costs and policy responses in Europe
http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/2012/54/en/1/EF1254EN.pdf
• Furlong, A. (2006), ‘Not a very NEET solution: Representing problematic labour market transitions
among early school-leavers’, Work, Employment and Society, Vol. 20, p. 553
• Furlong, A and Cartmel, F. (2004) Vulnerable young men in fragile labour markets. York, York
Publishing.
• Godfrey, C., Hutton S., Bradshaw, J., Coles, B., Craig, G. & Johnson, J. (2002) Estimating the costs
of being 'not in education, employment or training' at age 16-18. Department of Education and
Skills, RR 346. DfES Publications: Nottingham, 2002.
• Henderson, S., Holland, J., McGrellis, S., Sharpe, S., and Thomson, R. (2007). Inventing Adulthoods:
a biographical approach to youth transitions. London, Sage.
• Johnston, L., MacDonald, R., Mason, P., Ridley, L. and Webster, C., (2000). Snakes & Ladders, York:
JRF.
• Kolko, Jon (2012), Wicked Problems: Problems Worth Solving. http://www.wickedproblems.com/
• Laub, John H., and Sampson, Robert J. (2003). Shared Beginning, Divergent Lives. Cambridge,
Harvard University Press.
• MacDonald, R. (2009). Precarious work: stepping stones or poverty traps. In A. Furlong, (ed).
Handbook of youth and young adulthood: New perspectives and agenda. London, Routledge.
• MacDonald, R. and Marsh, J. (2005). Disconnected Youth? Growing up in Britain’s Poor
Neighbourhoods. Basingstoke, Palgrave.
• Shildrick, T., MacDonald, R., Webster, C., and Garthwaite, K. (2012.) Poverty and Insecurity: life in
low-pay, no-pay Britain, Bristol: Policy Press.
• Sampson, R. J. and Laub, J. H. (1993), Crime in the making: Pathways and turning points through
life, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
• Standing, G. (2011). The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class, London: Bloomsbury
• Webster, C., Simpson, D., MacDonald, R., Abbas, A., Cieslik, M., Shildrick, T., and Simpson, M.
(2004). Poor Transitions: young adults & social exclusion, Bristol: Policy Press/ JRF.
19. Thank you for your
kind attention.
I am happy to take
questions if we have
time or via email
Bob.Coles@york.ac.uk