This document discusses key concepts related to demand, including that demand is the amount of a good consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price. It also covers the law of demand, which states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. Additionally, it explains the concepts of income and substitution effects, marginal utility, and diminishing marginal utility in relation to demand. An example demand schedule for a TV at different future price points is also provided.
The document discusses demand analysis and the determinants of demand. It begins by defining demand and explaining that demand refers to an effective desire backed by an ability and willingness to pay. It then discusses the objectives of demand analysis as forecasting sales, manipulating demand, appraising salesmen's performance, and watching competitive trends. The key determinants of demand discussed include price of the product and related goods, consumer income, tastes/preferences, advertising, consumer expectations, and availability of credit. The law of demand and exceptions are also explained.
This chapter discusses the economic concept of demand, including the law of demand, factors that cause demand to shift, elastic vs inelastic demand, and how demand relates to price changes. It defines demand and supply, graphs the demand curve, and explains why demand rises and falls based on factors like income, substitution effects, and diminishing marginal utility. It also covers how changes in market conditions and individual preferences can impact overall market demand.
The document discusses key concepts in microeconomics including demand, the law of demand, demand schedules, demand curves, determinants of demand, elasticity of demand, and how to measure elasticity. Specifically, it defines demand as the quantity of a good consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices in a given time period. It explains that the law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. Demand schedules and curves illustrate the relationship between price and quantity demanded. Factors like income, tastes, prices of related goods, and expectations can cause shifts in the demand curve. Elasticity refers to the responsiveness of quantity demanded to price changes, and can be elastic, inelastic,
This document provides an overview of market economics concepts including demand, supply, and equilibrium. It defines key terms like demand, individual demand, market demand, and how factors like price, income, and tastes affect demand. Supply is also defined as the quantity willing to be sold at given prices. The law of demand and supply are explained, which state that quantity demanded is negatively related to price and quantity supplied is positively related to price. Changes in demand and supply are distinguished from changes in quantity. Market equilibrium and impacts of shifts are also summarized as topics to be covered.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in supply and demand including:
1) Equilibrium occurs where supply and demand curves intersect, establishing the equilibrium price.
2) Shifts in supply or demand curves alter the equilibrium price by creating shortages or surpluses that prices then adjust to correct.
3) Price controls like price floors and ceilings can disrupt market equilibrium and create unintended consequences like shortages, surpluses, or black markets.
The document discusses the concepts of demand, including the law of demand, joint demand, composite demand, and demand curves. It explains that according to the law of demand, as price increases, consumer demand decreases, and vice versa. Joint demand refers to goods demanded together to satisfy a want, like a car and gasoline. Composite demand is when a good has multiple uses, like milk for drinking, cooking, and making other products. A demand curve shows the relationship between price and quantity demanded over time. The document also discusses factors that can cause a shift in the demand curve, like changes in income, prices of substitutes, tastes, and future expectations. It concludes by defining elasticity of demand as the percentage change in quantity demanded
The document discusses various principles of pricing, including:
1) Pricing is the assignment of value for a good or service that customers must pay to acquire it. Price captures some of the value created and is an important marketing lever.
2) Non-monetary costs like time, convenience and psychological factors influence customer perceptions of value and must be considered in pricing.
3) Developing pricing strategies requires understanding demand, costs, competitors and evaluating the business environment. Common strategies include cost-based, demand-based, yield management and competition-based approaches.
This document discusses key concepts related to demand, including that demand is the amount of a good consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price. It also covers the law of demand, which states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. Additionally, it explains the concepts of income and substitution effects, marginal utility, and diminishing marginal utility in relation to demand. An example demand schedule for a TV at different future price points is also provided.
The document discusses demand analysis and the determinants of demand. It begins by defining demand and explaining that demand refers to an effective desire backed by an ability and willingness to pay. It then discusses the objectives of demand analysis as forecasting sales, manipulating demand, appraising salesmen's performance, and watching competitive trends. The key determinants of demand discussed include price of the product and related goods, consumer income, tastes/preferences, advertising, consumer expectations, and availability of credit. The law of demand and exceptions are also explained.
This chapter discusses the economic concept of demand, including the law of demand, factors that cause demand to shift, elastic vs inelastic demand, and how demand relates to price changes. It defines demand and supply, graphs the demand curve, and explains why demand rises and falls based on factors like income, substitution effects, and diminishing marginal utility. It also covers how changes in market conditions and individual preferences can impact overall market demand.
The document discusses key concepts in microeconomics including demand, the law of demand, demand schedules, demand curves, determinants of demand, elasticity of demand, and how to measure elasticity. Specifically, it defines demand as the quantity of a good consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices in a given time period. It explains that the law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. Demand schedules and curves illustrate the relationship between price and quantity demanded. Factors like income, tastes, prices of related goods, and expectations can cause shifts in the demand curve. Elasticity refers to the responsiveness of quantity demanded to price changes, and can be elastic, inelastic,
This document provides an overview of market economics concepts including demand, supply, and equilibrium. It defines key terms like demand, individual demand, market demand, and how factors like price, income, and tastes affect demand. Supply is also defined as the quantity willing to be sold at given prices. The law of demand and supply are explained, which state that quantity demanded is negatively related to price and quantity supplied is positively related to price. Changes in demand and supply are distinguished from changes in quantity. Market equilibrium and impacts of shifts are also summarized as topics to be covered.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in supply and demand including:
1) Equilibrium occurs where supply and demand curves intersect, establishing the equilibrium price.
2) Shifts in supply or demand curves alter the equilibrium price by creating shortages or surpluses that prices then adjust to correct.
3) Price controls like price floors and ceilings can disrupt market equilibrium and create unintended consequences like shortages, surpluses, or black markets.
The document discusses the concepts of demand, including the law of demand, joint demand, composite demand, and demand curves. It explains that according to the law of demand, as price increases, consumer demand decreases, and vice versa. Joint demand refers to goods demanded together to satisfy a want, like a car and gasoline. Composite demand is when a good has multiple uses, like milk for drinking, cooking, and making other products. A demand curve shows the relationship between price and quantity demanded over time. The document also discusses factors that can cause a shift in the demand curve, like changes in income, prices of substitutes, tastes, and future expectations. It concludes by defining elasticity of demand as the percentage change in quantity demanded
The document discusses various principles of pricing, including:
1) Pricing is the assignment of value for a good or service that customers must pay to acquire it. Price captures some of the value created and is an important marketing lever.
2) Non-monetary costs like time, convenience and psychological factors influence customer perceptions of value and must be considered in pricing.
3) Developing pricing strategies requires understanding demand, costs, competitors and evaluating the business environment. Common strategies include cost-based, demand-based, yield management and competition-based approaches.
This document provides an agenda and learning objectives for a lesson on supply and demand. It begins with having students identify an opportunity cost from their weekend. The agenda then lists reviewing a DO NOW, taking supply and demand notes, and creating a cartoon demonstrating how natural disasters or holidays affect product prices. Key concepts defined include demand, quantity demanded, supply, quantity supplied, the laws of demand and supply, equilibrium, excess supply, and excess demand.
This document discusses the concepts of demand, demand function, demand curve, individual demand, market demand, factors that affect demand, and exceptions to the law of demand. It defines key terms like quantity demanded, demand schedule, utility, and explains the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded as reflected in the downward sloping demand curve under the law of demand. The document also discusses causes of change in demand and how they result in a shift of the demand curve, as well as features of demand for durable goods and derived demand.
This document discusses key concepts related to demand in microeconomics, including:
1. Demand refers to the desire and willingness to pay for a product. It is influenced by factors like income, tastes, substitutes, expectations, and number of consumers.
2. The law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. This inverse relationship is shown on a demand curve or schedule.
3. Elasticity of demand measures how responsive quantity demanded is to changes in price. Demand is more elastic if close substitutes exist or a product is a luxury versus necessity.
This document provides an introduction to supply, demand, and market equilibrium through a PowerPoint presentation. It defines demand and supply, shows how demand and supply schedules can be represented graphically with demand and supply curves, and explains how the curves can shift due to various factors. It also introduces the concept of market equilibrium where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied, resulting in a market clearing price.
The document discusses the concept of demand, including the three conditions for demand, types of demand (price, income, cross), and nature of demand. It provides examples of different types of demand including consumer vs producer goods, autonomous vs derived demand, durable vs perishable goods, firm vs industry demand, and short run vs long run demand. The document also discusses demand functions, the law of demand and its assumptions, exceptions to the law of demand, and the significance of the law of demand.
1) The law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, holding all other factors constant.
2) Demand is determined by factors such as tastes, income, price of related goods, and expectations. A change in any of these determinants causes the demand curve to shift.
3) There is a difference between a change in quantity demanded along a given demand curve due to a price change, versus a shift of the entire demand curve due to a change in a demand determinant.
The document defines demand in economics as a desire to possess a good supported by willingness and ability to pay for it. Demand refers to the quantity of a product consumers are willing and able to purchase at different prices over time in a given market. The key characteristics of demand are willingness and ability to pay, reference to a specific price, and measurement over a period of time. Demand curves slope downward to show that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. A demand schedule is a table that shows the relationship between price and quantity demanded. Individual demands combine to form market demand.
Demand refers to how much of a good or service consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price. It depends on consumers' desire and ability to pay, as well as the good being available at a certain price, place, and time. Demand is determined by factors like price, income, prices of related goods, tastes, expectations, and the number of buyers. The relationship between price and quantity demanded is shown through a demand schedule and demand curve, which has a negative slope as per the law of demand. A change in any determinant can cause the demand curve to shift, changing the overall relationship between price and quantity demanded.
This document provides an overview of pricing strategies and concepts for MBA marketing management. It discusses 1) the theory of pricing including price elasticity and how costs, demand, and competition influence pricing, 2) pricing objectives like profit maximization, 3) strategic determinants of price like costs, demand, and competition, and 4) pricing strategies like market skimming, penetration pricing, and promotional pricing that are used at different stages of a product's lifecycle.
Demand and Supply Analysis (Economics) Lecture NotesFellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
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The document provides an overview of supply and demand concepts in economics. It defines key terms like supply, demand, equilibrium price, and elasticity. Supply is determined by factors such as production costs, number of suppliers, and technology. Demand is influenced by price, consumer preferences and income, number of buyers, and prices of related goods. The law of supply states that quantity supplied increases with price, while the law of demand says quantity demanded decreases with price. When supply and demand are equal at a price, the market reaches equilibrium. Shifts in supply or demand curves can occur due to changes in these underlying determinants.
This document discusses the key concepts of demand, including the law of demand, demand curves, and factors that can cause a shift in the demand curve. It explains that the law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. A demand curve illustrates the relationship between price and quantity demanded, and it holds other factors constant. However, when factors like income, population, tastes, or prices of other goods change, it can cause the entire demand curve to shift, not just a movement along the curve. The document provides examples of how changes in these factors would impact demand.
The document discusses the economic concepts of demand and supply. It defines demand as the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various price points. Supply is defined as the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing to supply at various price points. The price of a good or service is determined by the interaction of supply and demand in the market. Demand curves slope downward to show that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, assuming other factors remain constant. A change in demand results from factors like income, tastes, or prices of related goods, causing the entire demand curve to shift.
What is Demand?
Diff. bet Demand and quantity demand
Types of demand - Individual and Market
What is the Law of Demand?
Assumptions of Law of Demand
Why demand curve sloping downward?
Reasons for inverse relationship
Determinents of Demand
What is Band Wagon & Snob effect
The document discusses concepts of supply and demand in microeconomics. It defines demand as the desire, willingness, and ability to purchase a product at different prices. The law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. Demand can shift due to changes in income, tastes, prices of substitutes or complements. Supply is defined as the amount of a good producers will offer at different prices. The law of supply states that as price rises, quantity supplied rises as well. Supply can shift from changes in costs, technology, or number of sellers. Elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity to price changes.
This document discusses concepts related to microeconomics including the laws of supply and demand, market price determination, and the role of government in prices. It defines demand and supply, outlines factors that shift demand and supply curves like income, prices of substitutes/complements, and technology. It explains how equilibrium price is determined by the intersection of supply and demand and how prices change when these curves shift due to changes in the factors above. In 3 sentences: The document covers microeconomic concepts like supply and demand, factors that shift the curves, and how equilibrium price is determined by the intersection of supply and demand. It also discusses how prices change when demand or supply shifts due to things like income, input costs, or government policies.
Microeconomics analyzes individual behavior such as consumers, producers, and prices of individual commodities. Pricing strategies aim to improve profits and include cost-plus pricing, skimming, market-oriented pricing, penetration pricing, and premium pricing. Factors affecting price include supply and demand. If demand increases while supply stays the same, price increases, and if supply increases while demand stays the same, price decreases. Different market structures like monopolistic competition and oligopoly give producers varying degrees of control over pricing. For cloth, prices are higher during festivals and weddings when demand exceeds supply, and lower at other times when supply exceeds demand. In monopolistic competition, firms can't charge too high a price but a little more
This document provides an overview of demand and supply. It defines demand as the desire and ability to purchase goods coupled with a willingness to pay. Demand depends on factors like price, income, tastes, and size of the population. The law of demand states that, all else equal, demand increases as price decreases. Supply is defined as the quantity of a good producers are willing and able to sell at a given price. The main determinants of supply are the price of the good, prices of related goods, number of firms, and technology. The document also discusses demand curves, elasticity, exceptions to the law of demand, and measurements of elasticity.
1. The document discusses the fundamentals of demand and supply, including defining demand with a demand curve, the determinants of demand, and the difference between a shift in demand versus movement along a demand curve.
2. It explains that a demand curve slopes downward due to the law of demand and the law of diminishing marginal utility - as price increases, quantity demanded decreases.
3. The main determinants of demand are price of the good, income, tastes, prices of substitutes and complements, and expectations about future prices and income. A change in a determinant causes the demand curve to shift, while a change in price results in movement along the
This document discusses the concept of demand, types of demand, factors affecting demand, and elasticity of demand. It defines demand as the desire, ability, and willingness to purchase a product. The two main types of demand are individual demand and market demand. Market demand is the total of individual demands. Factors that influence demand include price, income, tastes, availability of substitutes, and expectations of future prices. Elasticity of demand refers to the responsiveness of quantity demanded to price changes. There are different types of elasticities such as perfectly inelastic, relatively elastic, and unitary elastic demand.
Neal Elbaum Shares Top 5 Trends Shaping the Logistics Industry in 2024Neal Elbaum
In the ever-evolving world of logistics, staying ahead of the curve is crucial. Industry expert Neal Elbaum highlights the top five trends shaping the logistics industry in 2024, offering valuable insights into the future of supply chain management.
Corporate innovation with Startups made simple with Pitchworks VC StudioGokul Rangarajan
In this write up we will talk about why corporates need to innovate, why most of them of failing and need to startups and corporate start collaborating with each other for survival
At the end of the conversation the CIO asked us 3 questions which sparked us to write this blog.
1 Do my organisation need innovation ?
2 Even if I need Innovation why are so many other corporates of our size fail in innovation ?
3 How can I test it in most cost effective way ?
First let's address the Elephant in the room, is Innovation optional ?
Relevance for customers
Building Business Reslience
competitive advantage
Corporate innovation is essential for businesses striving to remain relevant and competitive in today's rapidly evolving market. By continuously developing new products, services, and processes, companies can better meet the changing needs and preferences of their customers. For instance, Apple's regular release of new iPhone models keeps them at the forefront of consumer technology, while Amazon's introduction of Prime services has revolutionized online shopping convenience. Statistics show that innovative companies are 2.5 times more likely to have high-performance outcomes compared to their peers.
This proactive approach not only helps in retaining existing customers but also attracts new ones, ensuring sustained growth and market presence.
Furthermore, innovation fosters a culture of creativity and adaptability within organizations, enabling them to quickly respond to emerging trends and disruptions. In essence, corporate innovation is the driving force that keeps companies aligned with customer expectations, ultimately leading to long-term success and relevance.
Business Resilience
Building business resilience is paramount for companies looking to thrive amidst uncertainties and disruptions. Corporate innovation plays a crucial role in fostering this resilience by enabling businesses to adapt, evolve, and maintain continuity during challenging times. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies that swiftly innovated their business models, such as shifting to remote work or expanding e-commerce capabilities, managed to survive and even thrive. According to a McKinsey report, organizations that prioritize innovation are 30% more likely to be high-growth companies. Innovation not only helps in developing new revenue streams but also in creating more efficient processes and resilient supply chains. This agility allows companies to quickly pivot in response to market changes, ensuring they can weather economic downturns, technological disruptions, and other unforeseen challenges. Therefore, corporate innovation is not just a strategy for growth but a vital component of building a robust and resilient business capable of sustaining long-term success.
This document provides an agenda and learning objectives for a lesson on supply and demand. It begins with having students identify an opportunity cost from their weekend. The agenda then lists reviewing a DO NOW, taking supply and demand notes, and creating a cartoon demonstrating how natural disasters or holidays affect product prices. Key concepts defined include demand, quantity demanded, supply, quantity supplied, the laws of demand and supply, equilibrium, excess supply, and excess demand.
This document discusses the concepts of demand, demand function, demand curve, individual demand, market demand, factors that affect demand, and exceptions to the law of demand. It defines key terms like quantity demanded, demand schedule, utility, and explains the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded as reflected in the downward sloping demand curve under the law of demand. The document also discusses causes of change in demand and how they result in a shift of the demand curve, as well as features of demand for durable goods and derived demand.
This document discusses key concepts related to demand in microeconomics, including:
1. Demand refers to the desire and willingness to pay for a product. It is influenced by factors like income, tastes, substitutes, expectations, and number of consumers.
2. The law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. This inverse relationship is shown on a demand curve or schedule.
3. Elasticity of demand measures how responsive quantity demanded is to changes in price. Demand is more elastic if close substitutes exist or a product is a luxury versus necessity.
This document provides an introduction to supply, demand, and market equilibrium through a PowerPoint presentation. It defines demand and supply, shows how demand and supply schedules can be represented graphically with demand and supply curves, and explains how the curves can shift due to various factors. It also introduces the concept of market equilibrium where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied, resulting in a market clearing price.
The document discusses the concept of demand, including the three conditions for demand, types of demand (price, income, cross), and nature of demand. It provides examples of different types of demand including consumer vs producer goods, autonomous vs derived demand, durable vs perishable goods, firm vs industry demand, and short run vs long run demand. The document also discusses demand functions, the law of demand and its assumptions, exceptions to the law of demand, and the significance of the law of demand.
1) The law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, holding all other factors constant.
2) Demand is determined by factors such as tastes, income, price of related goods, and expectations. A change in any of these determinants causes the demand curve to shift.
3) There is a difference between a change in quantity demanded along a given demand curve due to a price change, versus a shift of the entire demand curve due to a change in a demand determinant.
The document defines demand in economics as a desire to possess a good supported by willingness and ability to pay for it. Demand refers to the quantity of a product consumers are willing and able to purchase at different prices over time in a given market. The key characteristics of demand are willingness and ability to pay, reference to a specific price, and measurement over a period of time. Demand curves slope downward to show that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. A demand schedule is a table that shows the relationship between price and quantity demanded. Individual demands combine to form market demand.
Demand refers to how much of a good or service consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price. It depends on consumers' desire and ability to pay, as well as the good being available at a certain price, place, and time. Demand is determined by factors like price, income, prices of related goods, tastes, expectations, and the number of buyers. The relationship between price and quantity demanded is shown through a demand schedule and demand curve, which has a negative slope as per the law of demand. A change in any determinant can cause the demand curve to shift, changing the overall relationship between price and quantity demanded.
This document provides an overview of pricing strategies and concepts for MBA marketing management. It discusses 1) the theory of pricing including price elasticity and how costs, demand, and competition influence pricing, 2) pricing objectives like profit maximization, 3) strategic determinants of price like costs, demand, and competition, and 4) pricing strategies like market skimming, penetration pricing, and promotional pricing that are used at different stages of a product's lifecycle.
Demand and Supply Analysis (Economics) Lecture NotesFellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
The document provides an overview of supply and demand concepts in economics. It defines key terms like supply, demand, equilibrium price, and elasticity. Supply is determined by factors such as production costs, number of suppliers, and technology. Demand is influenced by price, consumer preferences and income, number of buyers, and prices of related goods. The law of supply states that quantity supplied increases with price, while the law of demand says quantity demanded decreases with price. When supply and demand are equal at a price, the market reaches equilibrium. Shifts in supply or demand curves can occur due to changes in these underlying determinants.
This document discusses the key concepts of demand, including the law of demand, demand curves, and factors that can cause a shift in the demand curve. It explains that the law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. A demand curve illustrates the relationship between price and quantity demanded, and it holds other factors constant. However, when factors like income, population, tastes, or prices of other goods change, it can cause the entire demand curve to shift, not just a movement along the curve. The document provides examples of how changes in these factors would impact demand.
The document discusses the economic concepts of demand and supply. It defines demand as the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various price points. Supply is defined as the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing to supply at various price points. The price of a good or service is determined by the interaction of supply and demand in the market. Demand curves slope downward to show that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, assuming other factors remain constant. A change in demand results from factors like income, tastes, or prices of related goods, causing the entire demand curve to shift.
What is Demand?
Diff. bet Demand and quantity demand
Types of demand - Individual and Market
What is the Law of Demand?
Assumptions of Law of Demand
Why demand curve sloping downward?
Reasons for inverse relationship
Determinents of Demand
What is Band Wagon & Snob effect
The document discusses concepts of supply and demand in microeconomics. It defines demand as the desire, willingness, and ability to purchase a product at different prices. The law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. Demand can shift due to changes in income, tastes, prices of substitutes or complements. Supply is defined as the amount of a good producers will offer at different prices. The law of supply states that as price rises, quantity supplied rises as well. Supply can shift from changes in costs, technology, or number of sellers. Elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity to price changes.
This document discusses concepts related to microeconomics including the laws of supply and demand, market price determination, and the role of government in prices. It defines demand and supply, outlines factors that shift demand and supply curves like income, prices of substitutes/complements, and technology. It explains how equilibrium price is determined by the intersection of supply and demand and how prices change when these curves shift due to changes in the factors above. In 3 sentences: The document covers microeconomic concepts like supply and demand, factors that shift the curves, and how equilibrium price is determined by the intersection of supply and demand. It also discusses how prices change when demand or supply shifts due to things like income, input costs, or government policies.
Microeconomics analyzes individual behavior such as consumers, producers, and prices of individual commodities. Pricing strategies aim to improve profits and include cost-plus pricing, skimming, market-oriented pricing, penetration pricing, and premium pricing. Factors affecting price include supply and demand. If demand increases while supply stays the same, price increases, and if supply increases while demand stays the same, price decreases. Different market structures like monopolistic competition and oligopoly give producers varying degrees of control over pricing. For cloth, prices are higher during festivals and weddings when demand exceeds supply, and lower at other times when supply exceeds demand. In monopolistic competition, firms can't charge too high a price but a little more
This document provides an overview of demand and supply. It defines demand as the desire and ability to purchase goods coupled with a willingness to pay. Demand depends on factors like price, income, tastes, and size of the population. The law of demand states that, all else equal, demand increases as price decreases. Supply is defined as the quantity of a good producers are willing and able to sell at a given price. The main determinants of supply are the price of the good, prices of related goods, number of firms, and technology. The document also discusses demand curves, elasticity, exceptions to the law of demand, and measurements of elasticity.
1. The document discusses the fundamentals of demand and supply, including defining demand with a demand curve, the determinants of demand, and the difference between a shift in demand versus movement along a demand curve.
2. It explains that a demand curve slopes downward due to the law of demand and the law of diminishing marginal utility - as price increases, quantity demanded decreases.
3. The main determinants of demand are price of the good, income, tastes, prices of substitutes and complements, and expectations about future prices and income. A change in a determinant causes the demand curve to shift, while a change in price results in movement along the
This document discusses the concept of demand, types of demand, factors affecting demand, and elasticity of demand. It defines demand as the desire, ability, and willingness to purchase a product. The two main types of demand are individual demand and market demand. Market demand is the total of individual demands. Factors that influence demand include price, income, tastes, availability of substitutes, and expectations of future prices. Elasticity of demand refers to the responsiveness of quantity demanded to price changes. There are different types of elasticities such as perfectly inelastic, relatively elastic, and unitary elastic demand.
Neal Elbaum Shares Top 5 Trends Shaping the Logistics Industry in 2024Neal Elbaum
In the ever-evolving world of logistics, staying ahead of the curve is crucial. Industry expert Neal Elbaum highlights the top five trends shaping the logistics industry in 2024, offering valuable insights into the future of supply chain management.
Corporate innovation with Startups made simple with Pitchworks VC StudioGokul Rangarajan
In this write up we will talk about why corporates need to innovate, why most of them of failing and need to startups and corporate start collaborating with each other for survival
At the end of the conversation the CIO asked us 3 questions which sparked us to write this blog.
1 Do my organisation need innovation ?
2 Even if I need Innovation why are so many other corporates of our size fail in innovation ?
3 How can I test it in most cost effective way ?
First let's address the Elephant in the room, is Innovation optional ?
Relevance for customers
Building Business Reslience
competitive advantage
Corporate innovation is essential for businesses striving to remain relevant and competitive in today's rapidly evolving market. By continuously developing new products, services, and processes, companies can better meet the changing needs and preferences of their customers. For instance, Apple's regular release of new iPhone models keeps them at the forefront of consumer technology, while Amazon's introduction of Prime services has revolutionized online shopping convenience. Statistics show that innovative companies are 2.5 times more likely to have high-performance outcomes compared to their peers.
This proactive approach not only helps in retaining existing customers but also attracts new ones, ensuring sustained growth and market presence.
Furthermore, innovation fosters a culture of creativity and adaptability within organizations, enabling them to quickly respond to emerging trends and disruptions. In essence, corporate innovation is the driving force that keeps companies aligned with customer expectations, ultimately leading to long-term success and relevance.
Business Resilience
Building business resilience is paramount for companies looking to thrive amidst uncertainties and disruptions. Corporate innovation plays a crucial role in fostering this resilience by enabling businesses to adapt, evolve, and maintain continuity during challenging times. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies that swiftly innovated their business models, such as shifting to remote work or expanding e-commerce capabilities, managed to survive and even thrive. According to a McKinsey report, organizations that prioritize innovation are 30% more likely to be high-growth companies. Innovation not only helps in developing new revenue streams but also in creating more efficient processes and resilient supply chains. This agility allows companies to quickly pivot in response to market changes, ensuring they can weather economic downturns, technological disruptions, and other unforeseen challenges. Therefore, corporate innovation is not just a strategy for growth but a vital component of building a robust and resilient business capable of sustaining long-term success.
Mentoring - A journey of growth & developmentAlex Clapson
If you're looking to embark on a journey of growth & development, Mentoring could
offer excellent way forward for you. It's an opportunity to engage in a profound
learning experience that extends beyond immediate solutions to foster long-term
growth & transformation.
m249-saw PMI To familiarize the soldier with the M249 Squad Automatic Weapon ...LinghuaKong2
M249 Saw marksman PMIThe Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW), or 5.56mm M249 is an individually portable, gas operated, magazine or disintegrating metallic link-belt fed, light machine gun with fixed headspace and quick change barrel feature. The M249 engages point targets out to 800 meters, firing the improved NATO standard 5.56mm cartridge.The SAW forms the basis of firepower for the fire team. The gunner has the option of using 30-round M16 magazines or linked ammunition from pre-loaded 200-round plastic magazines. The gunner's basic load is 600 rounds of linked ammunition.The SAW was developed through an initially Army-led research and development effort and eventually a Joint NDO program in the late 1970s/early 1980s to restore sustained and accurate automatic weapons fire to the fire team and squad. When actually fielded in the mid-1980s, the SAW was issued as a one-for-one replacement for the designated "automatic rifle" (M16A1) in the Fire Team. In this regard, the SAW filled the void created by the retirement of the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) during the 1950s because interim automatic weapons (e.g. M-14E2/M16A1) had failed as viable "base of fire" weapons.
Early in the SAW's fielding, the Army identified the need for a Product Improvement Program (PIP) to enhance the weapon. This effort resulted in a "PIP kit" which modifies the barrel, handguard, stock, pistol grip, buffer, and sights.
The M249 machine gun is an ideal complementary weapon system for the infantry squad platoon. It is light enough to be carried and operated by one man, and can be fired from the hip in an assault, even when loaded with a 200-round ammunition box. The barrel change facility ensures that it can continue to fire for long periods. The US Army has conducted strenuous trials on the M249 MG, showing that this weapon has a reliability factor that is well above that of most other small arms weapon systems. Today, the US Army and Marine Corps utilize the license-produced M249 SAW.
Many companies have perceived CRM that accompanied by numerous
uncoordinated initiatives as a technological solution for problems in
individual areas. However, CRM should be considered as a strategy when
a company decides to implement it due to its humanitarian, technological
and process-related effects (Mendoza et al., 2007, p. 913). CRM is
evolving today as it should be seen as a strategy for maintaining a longterm relationship with customers.
A CRM business strategy includes the internet with the marketing,
sales, operations, customer services, human resources, R&D, finance, and
information technology departments to achieve the company’s purpose and
maximize the profitability of customer interactions (Chen and Popovich,
2003, p. 673).
After Corona Virus Disease-2019/Covid-19 (Coronavirus) first
appeared in Wuhan, China towards the end of 2019, its effects began to
be felt clearly all over the world. If the Coronavirus crisis is not managed
properly in business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer
(B2C) sectors, it can have serious negative consequences. In this crisis,
companies can typically face significant losses in their sales performance,
existing customers and customer satisfaction, interruptions in operations
and accordingly bankruptcy
3. Demand
The amount of a good
that consumers are
willing and able to buy at
a given point in time.
4. Law of Demand:
Price is the main variableaffecting
demand, so…
Increase in good’s price cause a decrease in
quantity demanded. Decrease in price causes
increase in quantity demanded.
Price = Demand
Price = Demand
7. Marginal
Additional/more
Utility
Amount of satisfaction you get from consuming
a product
Diminishing Marginal Utility
As more units are consumed,the
satisfaction you get from each
additional one decreases
*demand has alimit!
10. Date of
Purchase
Price per
TV (in
dollars)
Today $4,500
April 2013 $3,500
Half-yearly sale $3,000
4th of July sale $2,000
Labor Day sale $1,500
Black Friday $900
When will you buy the TV?