National and regional policies for school food in Italy and Tuscany
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Describing the policies for improving school food provision in Italy and more specifically in Tuscany
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National and regional policies for school food in Italy and Tuscany
- 1. National School Meals Network National and regional policies for school food in Italy and Tuscany Seoul, South Korea September 11th, 2012 Vanessa Malandrin, Research Fellow University of Pisa
- 2. Public Procurement Public Administration purchasings account for 19% of GDP in EU (2 trillion euros, 2011) and 17% of GDP in Italy WTO government procurement agreement: free market principle, price as best objective indicator EU: Dir 2004/17/CE and Dir 2004/18/CE Transparency, Non-discrimination
- 3. Sustainable Public Procurement European strategy (2008/397) on “Sustainable Consumption and Production” Focus on environmental + social aspects GPP is more focused on minimizing the environmental impact during all the lifecycle Forecasts were predicting that 50% of PP would have become green / sustainable, but we are far from it
- 4. Green Public Procurement It is defined in the EU Communication (2008) “Public Procurement for a better environment” It is a voluntary instrument For each product/service group, two sets of criteria are presented: • Core criteria: they address the most significant environmental impacts, with minimum cost increases • Comprehensive criteria: best environmental products available on the market, which may imply a cost increase
- 5. GPP and food provisioning Food and Beverage sector is responsible in Europe for 20 – 30% of the most significative environmental impacts (Source: EU Commission, 2006) Many PA in EU are developing policies for more sustainable models in public food provision: Sweden (Malmö), UK, Denmark, Netherlads Organic products, sustainable fishery, less meat, less packaging, better logistic for transports
- 7. GPP in Italy “Action Plan for consumption sustainability in the sector of Public Administration” has been adopted in 2008 It is the main instrument to foster and spread GPP The Ministry of Environment defined the “Minimum environmental criteria” for Collective Food Catering Services (2011) School food: regional laws and guidelines for the introduction of organic, seasonal and SFSC products + Mediterranean diet (since 1986)
- 8. Goals of GPP in Italy To reduce environmental impacts To stimulate innovation To rationalise public spending To give a better image of PA To spread over sustainable models of consumption To increase competences of public buyers To improve enterprises’ competitivity
- 9. Organic canteens at national level 2009 837 public canteens 2011 1.115 = 33% more The trend is positive thanks to the introduction of “Minimum environmental criteria” for Collective Food Catering Services (2011)
- 10. Tuscan regional laws Regional Law 18/2002 to foster the use of organic products PRAF 2011, measure A.2.7 a) In the firts year max 60% of contribution to cover the additional costs b) max 90% of contribution to organize courses for food education Minimum 50% of the total products used must be organic
- 11. Best Practices: Bagno a Ripoli, Florence (1) 26.000 inhabitants; peri-urban and rural area in the outskirts of Florence. 2100 school meals a day SIAF: 52% public + 48% private partnership. − School and hospital meals (2 million meals per year) School meal system: awarded by Slow Food (2008) “Dream Canteen”
- 12. Best Practices: Bagno a Ripoli, Florence (2) • Organic & Local • Frequent changes in the menu to adapt to seasonality • Strong effort on communication: – Continuous information to children, parents and teachers – Cooking laboratories – Waste monitoring
- 13. Best Practices: Bagno a Ripoli, Florence (3) • Strong effort on local provision of food: 2004: The Municipality invites local farmers to produce for school canteens Local producers started a strong collaboration and production planning 25% of provision is local and the rural area interested is 55 Ha = 136 acres Gradually they invite local farmers supplying to schools to turn organic
- 14. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Promotion and communication initiatives Children and parents can meet in front of the school the producers supplying the canteen, and buy their products
- 15. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla SFSC in Pisa school meals * According to seasonality and availability on the territory: if the tuscan organic product is not available, national organic products will be provided (for instance oranges)
- 16. Challenges Financial: PA pays too late the small producers Over or under production: other destinations for extra products are needed, as clear alternatives when the products are missing Working with local products has higher costs for processing (non standardized) Need to balance extra costs and savings
- 17. … and threats July 25th 2012: new agreement between MIUR and Federalimentare, to promote food education in schools Food security and calories are the main aspects highlighted in the protocol No attention to local products and to the agricultural world Visits to food industries instead of farm visits
- 18. References Bocchi, S., Spigarolo, R., Marcomini, N., & Sarti, V. (2008). Bioforsk Report Organic and conventional public food procurement for youth in Italy, 3(42). European Commission (2011) Buying Green, a handbook on green public procurement, Second edition, Brussels. European Commission (2006). Analysis of the life cycle environmental impacts related to the final consumption of the EU25, Joint Research Centre (DG JRC) Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Annex report May 2006. Morgan, K., Sonnino, R. (2007). Empowering consumers: the creative procurement of school meals in Italy and the UK, International Journal of Consumer Studies. Vol. 31, Issue 1, pages 19–25.
- 19. References Sonnino, R. (2009). Quality food, public procurement, and sustainable development: the school meal revolution in Rome. Environment and Planning, volume 41, pages 425-440. Sonnino, R., & Marsden, T. (2006). Beyond the divide: rethinking relationships between alternative and conventional food networks in Europe. Journal of Economic Geography, 6(2), 181-199. United Nations (2008). Public Procurement as a tool for promoting more Sustainable Consumption and Production patterns. Issue 5, August 2008. Available at: http://esa.un.org/marrakechprocess/pdf/InnovationBriefs_no5.pdf
Editor's Notes
- PA has a role for the orientation of the market, recognized since the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 PA has a social and environmental impact deriving from its choices. Public procurement can help to develop new habits in the consumers and to reorient enterprises choices.
- Lowest price is not anymore the unique criterion for choice, there are more aspects to be taken in consideration: health, safety and protection of the environment. These aspects are part of what is now called “economically favourable offer”. GPP is the main instrument of SCP strategy There are many differences among all the member States; Criteria are different according to cathegories of products and sector of application, and some criteria are more easy to apply than others
- GPP is a process whereby public authorities seek to procure goods, services and works with a reduced environmental impact throughout their life cycle when compared to goods, services and works with the same primary function that would otherwise be procured. Member States and public authorities can determine the extent to which they implement it.
- Impacts due to polluting compounds used in production, transformation and transport of food. Data from european Commission, 2006 The sanitary system has to cope with the consequences of bad alimentation habits for human health Sweden (Malmö), UK, Denmark, Netherlads, are developing excellent examples for all EU countries
- The uptake is significant but the target is not met yet (26% of contracts in 2009-2010 is “core green”). The overall trend is positive and increasing (more in value than in number of contracts) BUT The purchasing cost is still the predominant criterion for awarding contracts. Public authorities perceive as difficult the inclusion of green criteria in the procurement.
- Some more informations about the italian school meals system: Sustainable food procurement has quite a long history in Italy: guidelines for a healthy diet (1986, mediterranean diet) It is organized and managed at the municipal level. School canteens can be directly managed by the public administration, or indirectly by a catering company, which is the winner of a call for tender.
- Many regional laws have been recently included in the PRAF “Regional agricultural and forestry plan” (also laws about mercatali) Measure A.2.7 is called “promotion of the use of organic products, typical, traditional and with regional label “agriqualità” in the public canteens of tuscany region + development of actions of food education and professional update.
- (olive oil, herbs, vegetables, …)
- MIUR= ministry for instruction, university and research Federalimentare is the federation which represents and defends the interests of italian food industry, the second industry in Italy after the metalwork one. In EU Federalimentare is part of Food Drink Europe. The food sector in Italy employs 410.000 workers in small, medium and big enterprises In 2010 the total income of the sector was 124 billion euros, 3,3% more than the previous year.