This was a news report written in May-June 2009 about the possible regime change in North Korea with the rise of Kim Jong Eun as the possible successor of Kim Jong Il.
The document provides background information on North Korea's nuclear weapons program and its history of nuclear testing. It summarizes North Korea's brief history, including its division after World War II and its pursuit of nuclear weapons stemming from security concerns. The document also outlines North Korea's two nuclear tests in 2006 and 2009 as well as international diplomatic efforts and sanctions that have failed to stop its nuclear program. It concludes by noting the current challenges faced in addressing North Korea's nuclear threat.
The document provides background information on the Cuban Missile Crisis and compares it to the current situation with North Korea's nuclear program. It summarizes that Cuba is located close to the US and had a communist government led by Fidel Castro in the 1960s, which led the Soviet Union to place nuclear missiles in Cuba. This caused a crisis with the US known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Similarly, North Korea is a secretive communist country located near other countries like South Korea and Japan. It has pursued a nuclear weapons program for decades in isolation, conducting several nuclear tests despite sanctions and condemnation from the international community.
The document summarizes key events in the Pacific theater from Pearl Harbor to early 1943. It describes Japan's initial success, including victories at Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong, and the Philippines. The tide began to turn at the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway in May and June 1942, where the US halted Japan's expansion and destroyed four of its aircraft carriers. Bloody fighting ensued on Guadalcanal over the next six months, showing Japan's land warfare dominance was over. By February 1943 they abandoned the island, marking the end of their initiative at sea. The document also discusses the internment of Japanese Americans and the Supreme Court case Korematsu v. US that upheld the constitutionality
The document summarizes the aftermath and demarcation of the 38th parallel following World War 2 and the Korean War. It discusses how the parallel was established to divide North and South Korea after Soviet and US occupation. It then describes the 1950 North Korean invasion of South Korea, the UN response, and key battles like the Inchon landing. The summary concludes by noting ongoing tensions along the demilitarized zone at the 38th parallel.
The Korean War began in 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea, leading the UN to authorize military intervention led by the US to defend South Korea. The war became a proxy conflict between the US and USSR in their emerging bipolar world. Fighting involved intense ground combat, air battles between jet fighters, and use of new technologies like helicopters. After years of stalemate, an armistice was signed in 1953, though a peace treaty was never achieved, leaving the two Koreas still divided and technically at war.
This document discusses Japan's basic security policy and how its political decision-making and military capabilities have evolved since the 1991 Gulf War. It outlines Japan's constitution renouncing war and limiting its military. While Japan's basic security policy of a defensive posture remains unchanged, its interpretation has gradually expanded to allow greater international contributions within legal limits. Japan's Self-Defense Forces have developed capabilities aligned with emerging threats and increased cooperation with US forces through joint exercises. Public support for the SDF has also risen over time as its roles have focused on peacekeeping and humanitarian aid.
Leadership chesty puller: Give a little bibliography on Chesty including bor...Kimberly Williams
This is a Leadership Essay 8 to 10 pages for the content, not counting the title page or the reference page. 10 scholarly sources. Topic: Chesty Puller Outline: Give a little bibliography on Chesty including born, raised and college. Also, tell about his military history including Haiti, military knowledge, and leadership skills and his move to become an officer in the Marine Corps. Also, speak about Chesty’s leadership qualifications including, leadership failures, lessons learned and success from failures. Mention his leadership accomplishments including the five Navy crosses, his personality, and viewpoints. Highlight his mastery in leading Marines. Lastly, discuss what leadership traits did Chesty have during his time and what is missing from today’s leaders. What leadership traits did Chesty have that made him successful?
This document summarizes a student paper that analyzes the territorial dispute between South Korea and Japan over two small rocky islets called Dokdo by South Korea and Takeshima by Japan. The paper provides background on the dispute, outlining the key arguments from each country's perspective. South Korea argues it has historically claimed sovereignty over the islets dating back to the Three Kingdoms period in the early 500s CE. Japan did not officially record the islets until the 16th century and agreed in a 1693 incident that the islets were dependencies of Ulleungdo, which was Korean territory. However, Japan now disputes South Korea's claims and asserts its own historical claim to the islets. The document examines each country
The document provides background information on North Korea's nuclear weapons program and its history of nuclear testing. It summarizes North Korea's brief history, including its division after World War II and its pursuit of nuclear weapons stemming from security concerns. The document also outlines North Korea's two nuclear tests in 2006 and 2009 as well as international diplomatic efforts and sanctions that have failed to stop its nuclear program. It concludes by noting the current challenges faced in addressing North Korea's nuclear threat.
The document provides background information on the Cuban Missile Crisis and compares it to the current situation with North Korea's nuclear program. It summarizes that Cuba is located close to the US and had a communist government led by Fidel Castro in the 1960s, which led the Soviet Union to place nuclear missiles in Cuba. This caused a crisis with the US known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Similarly, North Korea is a secretive communist country located near other countries like South Korea and Japan. It has pursued a nuclear weapons program for decades in isolation, conducting several nuclear tests despite sanctions and condemnation from the international community.
The document summarizes key events in the Pacific theater from Pearl Harbor to early 1943. It describes Japan's initial success, including victories at Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong, and the Philippines. The tide began to turn at the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway in May and June 1942, where the US halted Japan's expansion and destroyed four of its aircraft carriers. Bloody fighting ensued on Guadalcanal over the next six months, showing Japan's land warfare dominance was over. By February 1943 they abandoned the island, marking the end of their initiative at sea. The document also discusses the internment of Japanese Americans and the Supreme Court case Korematsu v. US that upheld the constitutionality
The document summarizes the aftermath and demarcation of the 38th parallel following World War 2 and the Korean War. It discusses how the parallel was established to divide North and South Korea after Soviet and US occupation. It then describes the 1950 North Korean invasion of South Korea, the UN response, and key battles like the Inchon landing. The summary concludes by noting ongoing tensions along the demilitarized zone at the 38th parallel.
The Korean War began in 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea, leading the UN to authorize military intervention led by the US to defend South Korea. The war became a proxy conflict between the US and USSR in their emerging bipolar world. Fighting involved intense ground combat, air battles between jet fighters, and use of new technologies like helicopters. After years of stalemate, an armistice was signed in 1953, though a peace treaty was never achieved, leaving the two Koreas still divided and technically at war.
This document discusses Japan's basic security policy and how its political decision-making and military capabilities have evolved since the 1991 Gulf War. It outlines Japan's constitution renouncing war and limiting its military. While Japan's basic security policy of a defensive posture remains unchanged, its interpretation has gradually expanded to allow greater international contributions within legal limits. Japan's Self-Defense Forces have developed capabilities aligned with emerging threats and increased cooperation with US forces through joint exercises. Public support for the SDF has also risen over time as its roles have focused on peacekeeping and humanitarian aid.
Leadership chesty puller: Give a little bibliography on Chesty including bor...Kimberly Williams
This is a Leadership Essay 8 to 10 pages for the content, not counting the title page or the reference page. 10 scholarly sources. Topic: Chesty Puller Outline: Give a little bibliography on Chesty including born, raised and college. Also, tell about his military history including Haiti, military knowledge, and leadership skills and his move to become an officer in the Marine Corps. Also, speak about Chesty’s leadership qualifications including, leadership failures, lessons learned and success from failures. Mention his leadership accomplishments including the five Navy crosses, his personality, and viewpoints. Highlight his mastery in leading Marines. Lastly, discuss what leadership traits did Chesty have during his time and what is missing from today’s leaders. What leadership traits did Chesty have that made him successful?
This document summarizes a student paper that analyzes the territorial dispute between South Korea and Japan over two small rocky islets called Dokdo by South Korea and Takeshima by Japan. The paper provides background on the dispute, outlining the key arguments from each country's perspective. South Korea argues it has historically claimed sovereignty over the islets dating back to the Three Kingdoms period in the early 500s CE. Japan did not officially record the islets until the 16th century and agreed in a 1693 incident that the islets were dependencies of Ulleungdo, which was Korean territory. However, Japan now disputes South Korea's claims and asserts its own historical claim to the islets. The document examines each country
The document summarizes the key events leading up to and following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States during World War II. It describes the development of the atomic bomb through the Manhattan Project, the rejection of the Potsdam Declaration by Japan, and President Truman's decision to drop bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It then details the immediate and long-term effects of the bombings, including widespread destruction and loss of life as well as long-term health impacts like radiation sickness, cancers, and birth defects. An atomic bomb casualty commission was later established to study the effects on survivors.
1) In March 1953, 100 North Korean guerrillas conducted a successful raid on a North Korean People's Army battalion command post, inflicting casualties before withdrawing. This demonstrated the continued resistance to Communist rule.
2) The document discusses the formation of the first U.S. Army guerrilla command to support North Korean partisans against the Communists. It was a misunderstood effort due to classification, reorganizations and embellished reports.
3) The guerrilla command was formed in 1951 under Colonel John McGee to provide support, training and coordination to unify scattered partisan groups and integrate their operations with the larger UN war effort against the Communists.
Japan was heavily involved in several major battles in WWII. They attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, crippling the US Pacific fleet. This brought the US into the war. Japan fought battles to take islands like Iwo Jima and Guadalcanal for their strategic value. The US ultimately defeated Japan at the Battle of Midway in 1942. Japan also committed major atrocities, such as the Rape of Nanking where 300,000 Chinese civilians and soldiers were killed. Japan's involvement in WWII ended with its surrender after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.
The document summarizes Exercise VAJRA PRAHAR 2011, a joint training exercise between U.S. Army Special Forces and the Indian Army Special Forces. It provides background on improving U.S.-India relations and security cooperation over time. The exercise objectives were to improve interoperability between the forces and strengthen the strategic partnership between the U.S. and India. It involved companies from the U.S. Army's 4th Battalion, 1st Special Forces Group and battalions from India's Parachute Regiment over five phases at military bases in Washington state.
The document provides an overview of American heroes by summarizing key passages from a sample book about soldiers, SEAL Team 6 operations, and the US response to terrorist attacks. It discusses how US soldiers undergo rigorous training, describes SEAL Team 6's mission to kill Osama bin Laden, and outlines the US military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq as part of the War on Terror in response to 9/11.
The Battle of Okinawa was the largest amphibious operation in WWII between the US 10th Army and Japanese 32nd Army from April-June 1945 on Okinawa Island. The Japanese invested significant resources like kamikaze pilots and suicide boats to inflict as many casualties as possible to delay the Allied advance towards Japan. Despite inflicting heavy losses, the Japanese were ultimately defeated. Key lessons included the importance of securing beaches, coordinated fire support, intelligence gathering, clear command structures, and joint operations integration. The battle showed the Allies the challenges of invading Japan but was a success for the Japanese in delaying the Allied timetable.
The document discusses whether the US should set up a missile defense system in South Korea. It analyzes the history of conflict between North and South Korea and North Korea's growing nuclear capabilities. While missile defense could strengthen security, it could also fuel an arms race and damage relations with China and Russia. Given current tensions, the document recommends the US refrain from deploying a system for now to avoid further escalating tensions.
This document lists important dates and events from the Cold War between 1945-1956. It outlines the division of Germany and Berlin after WWII, the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and key conflicts like the Korean War. Major events included the Truman Doctrine announcing US policy of containment against communism in 1947, the Berlin Airlift in 1948-1949, and revolts in Hungary in 1956 and Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal.
The document provides background information on the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL) and the Israel-Palestine conflict. It explains that SPECPOL deals with issues related to sovereignty, decolonization, and peacekeeping. It then gives a brief history of Israel/Palestine dating back to ancient times and discusses key conflicts and peace efforts including the 1948 and 1967 wars, Oslo Accords, and 2008 Gaza offensive. The document aims to guide delegates in their preparation for discussing solutions to the Israel-Palestine issue at the upcoming SPECPOL session.
This is a slides that I used while I was studying at IPU New Zealand, at the the class of Internationalism. This a bit of picture of how the attack on Pearl Harbour has happened.
Brigadier General George Bartlett, a World War 2 veteran who served as a navigator-bombardier in the PBJ-1 bomber, is pictured in front of a restored B-25 Mitchell bomber. During the war, he flew 75 missions with Marine Bomber Squadron 443 from their base in the Solomon Islands. In 2014 at age 89, he returned to MCAS Cherry Point, the base he left from in 1944, for a commemorative flight in a restored B-25. Bartlett had an illustrious career after the war, serving in Korea and Vietnam while rising to the rank of Brigadier General, and later led the Marine Corps Association from 1979-1989.
This document summarizes negotiations between Japan and the United States regarding the relocation of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma in Okinawa, Japan from 2009-2010. It provides details on the location and operations of MCAS Futenma, proposals for its relocation to Camp Schwab or Henoko Bay, and public opposition from Okinawans. It also outlines the 2006 U.S.-Japan agreement to relocate approximately 8,000 Marines from Okinawa to Guam by 2014 and construct a replacement facility for Futenma, though this plan faced ongoing challenges and protests from local communities.
The document summarizes key events leading up to and during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. It discusses FDR's presidency and US isolationism. As tensions rose between the US and Japan over Japan's expansion in Asia, the US placed embargoes on scrap metal and oil sales to Japan. Despite hopes from Emperor Hirohito and others for a peaceful solution, Japan's military leaders planned a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor to neutralize the US Pacific fleet. The attack succeeded in damaging much of the fleet but failed to destroy critical assets like carriers and oil fields. It had the effect of drawing the US into World War 2 despite originally non-interventionist attitudes.
This document provides an overview of the war in the Pacific theater during World War II, culminating in the US decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It describes the brutal battles like Iwo Jima and Okinawa where casualties were high on both sides. When Japan refused to surrender, Truman made the difficult choice to use atomic weapons to avoid an invasion that could cost over 1 million American lives. The bombings led to Japan's surrender and the end of World War II.
My Lecture Five on Korean War (1950-53)- Part IIDr. Afroz Alam
This is part II of my lecture on Korean War (1950-53) at National Law University Orissa, Cuttack, India.This lecturer is purely compiled from the web sources just for the use of nluo students. This work is not mine and it shall not be cited.
The Japanese launched a surprise attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on a Sunday morning in 1941. This brought the United States into World War 2 as it caused extensive damage and led Congress to declare war on Japan. The attack killed thousands of American soldiers and sailors and destroyed numerous battleships, marking "a date which will live in infamy" and changing the course of the war.
On December 7, 1941, Japanese forces launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. The attack destroyed or damaged 8 U.S. battleships and over 180 aircraft. Over 2,400 Americans were killed in the attack. In response, the U.S. entered World War II by declaring war on Japan. This engagement pulled the U.S. fully into what was already a global conflict between the Allied and Axis powers.
This Power Point presentation is designed for students to learn more about our history, specifically the attacks on Pearl Harbor. It is geared toward middle school to high school students.
Miki, hideo thoughts on a military history of the occupation of japan - the ...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides an overview and analysis of the military history of the US occupation of Japan from 1945-1952 from the perspective of a Japanese scholar. It discusses the strategies of the US, Soviet Union, and Japan at the end of WWII, including the US demand for unconditional surrender and the strategic importance of retaining the Japanese emperor. It analyzes aspects of the occupation such as demilitarization, war crimes trials, and the implications for maintaining peace. The document examines whether the occupation aligned with philosopher Immanuel Kant's principles of avoiding interference in other nations and ensuring future trust during peacetime.
On December 8, 1941, America declared war on Japan after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. FDR was determined to overwhelm the Axis powers with superior military production. Factories suspended civilian production and began manufacturing vast numbers of planes, tanks, vehicles, and other weapons. The U.S. also increased jobs and union membership to support the war effort. While the U.S. fleet was initially crippled at Pearl Harbor, American codebreakers helped turn the tide with victories at the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway in 1942.
Joe Tham is a senior infrastructure administrator with over 14 years of experience seeking a new position. He has extensive experience managing systems such as email, archiving, and core banking applications. His resume provides details of his technical skills and leadership experience managing infrastructure projects at his current employer, Bank of Hawaii.
The applicant is applying for the position of Biomedical Engineer. He has a Bachelor's degree in Biomedical Engineering from 2004 and over 15 years of experience working with medical equipment. His experience includes maintenance, repairs, installations and training for equipment like ventilators, monitors, ultrasound machines, defibrillators, and more. He is seeking a challenging position that offers professional growth and development opportunities.
The document summarizes the key events leading up to and following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States during World War II. It describes the development of the atomic bomb through the Manhattan Project, the rejection of the Potsdam Declaration by Japan, and President Truman's decision to drop bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It then details the immediate and long-term effects of the bombings, including widespread destruction and loss of life as well as long-term health impacts like radiation sickness, cancers, and birth defects. An atomic bomb casualty commission was later established to study the effects on survivors.
1) In March 1953, 100 North Korean guerrillas conducted a successful raid on a North Korean People's Army battalion command post, inflicting casualties before withdrawing. This demonstrated the continued resistance to Communist rule.
2) The document discusses the formation of the first U.S. Army guerrilla command to support North Korean partisans against the Communists. It was a misunderstood effort due to classification, reorganizations and embellished reports.
3) The guerrilla command was formed in 1951 under Colonel John McGee to provide support, training and coordination to unify scattered partisan groups and integrate their operations with the larger UN war effort against the Communists.
Japan was heavily involved in several major battles in WWII. They attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, crippling the US Pacific fleet. This brought the US into the war. Japan fought battles to take islands like Iwo Jima and Guadalcanal for their strategic value. The US ultimately defeated Japan at the Battle of Midway in 1942. Japan also committed major atrocities, such as the Rape of Nanking where 300,000 Chinese civilians and soldiers were killed. Japan's involvement in WWII ended with its surrender after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.
The document summarizes Exercise VAJRA PRAHAR 2011, a joint training exercise between U.S. Army Special Forces and the Indian Army Special Forces. It provides background on improving U.S.-India relations and security cooperation over time. The exercise objectives were to improve interoperability between the forces and strengthen the strategic partnership between the U.S. and India. It involved companies from the U.S. Army's 4th Battalion, 1st Special Forces Group and battalions from India's Parachute Regiment over five phases at military bases in Washington state.
The document provides an overview of American heroes by summarizing key passages from a sample book about soldiers, SEAL Team 6 operations, and the US response to terrorist attacks. It discusses how US soldiers undergo rigorous training, describes SEAL Team 6's mission to kill Osama bin Laden, and outlines the US military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq as part of the War on Terror in response to 9/11.
The Battle of Okinawa was the largest amphibious operation in WWII between the US 10th Army and Japanese 32nd Army from April-June 1945 on Okinawa Island. The Japanese invested significant resources like kamikaze pilots and suicide boats to inflict as many casualties as possible to delay the Allied advance towards Japan. Despite inflicting heavy losses, the Japanese were ultimately defeated. Key lessons included the importance of securing beaches, coordinated fire support, intelligence gathering, clear command structures, and joint operations integration. The battle showed the Allies the challenges of invading Japan but was a success for the Japanese in delaying the Allied timetable.
The document discusses whether the US should set up a missile defense system in South Korea. It analyzes the history of conflict between North and South Korea and North Korea's growing nuclear capabilities. While missile defense could strengthen security, it could also fuel an arms race and damage relations with China and Russia. Given current tensions, the document recommends the US refrain from deploying a system for now to avoid further escalating tensions.
This document lists important dates and events from the Cold War between 1945-1956. It outlines the division of Germany and Berlin after WWII, the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and key conflicts like the Korean War. Major events included the Truman Doctrine announcing US policy of containment against communism in 1947, the Berlin Airlift in 1948-1949, and revolts in Hungary in 1956 and Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal.
The document provides background information on the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL) and the Israel-Palestine conflict. It explains that SPECPOL deals with issues related to sovereignty, decolonization, and peacekeeping. It then gives a brief history of Israel/Palestine dating back to ancient times and discusses key conflicts and peace efforts including the 1948 and 1967 wars, Oslo Accords, and 2008 Gaza offensive. The document aims to guide delegates in their preparation for discussing solutions to the Israel-Palestine issue at the upcoming SPECPOL session.
This is a slides that I used while I was studying at IPU New Zealand, at the the class of Internationalism. This a bit of picture of how the attack on Pearl Harbour has happened.
Brigadier General George Bartlett, a World War 2 veteran who served as a navigator-bombardier in the PBJ-1 bomber, is pictured in front of a restored B-25 Mitchell bomber. During the war, he flew 75 missions with Marine Bomber Squadron 443 from their base in the Solomon Islands. In 2014 at age 89, he returned to MCAS Cherry Point, the base he left from in 1944, for a commemorative flight in a restored B-25. Bartlett had an illustrious career after the war, serving in Korea and Vietnam while rising to the rank of Brigadier General, and later led the Marine Corps Association from 1979-1989.
This document summarizes negotiations between Japan and the United States regarding the relocation of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma in Okinawa, Japan from 2009-2010. It provides details on the location and operations of MCAS Futenma, proposals for its relocation to Camp Schwab or Henoko Bay, and public opposition from Okinawans. It also outlines the 2006 U.S.-Japan agreement to relocate approximately 8,000 Marines from Okinawa to Guam by 2014 and construct a replacement facility for Futenma, though this plan faced ongoing challenges and protests from local communities.
The document summarizes key events leading up to and during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. It discusses FDR's presidency and US isolationism. As tensions rose between the US and Japan over Japan's expansion in Asia, the US placed embargoes on scrap metal and oil sales to Japan. Despite hopes from Emperor Hirohito and others for a peaceful solution, Japan's military leaders planned a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor to neutralize the US Pacific fleet. The attack succeeded in damaging much of the fleet but failed to destroy critical assets like carriers and oil fields. It had the effect of drawing the US into World War 2 despite originally non-interventionist attitudes.
This document provides an overview of the war in the Pacific theater during World War II, culminating in the US decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It describes the brutal battles like Iwo Jima and Okinawa where casualties were high on both sides. When Japan refused to surrender, Truman made the difficult choice to use atomic weapons to avoid an invasion that could cost over 1 million American lives. The bombings led to Japan's surrender and the end of World War II.
My Lecture Five on Korean War (1950-53)- Part IIDr. Afroz Alam
This is part II of my lecture on Korean War (1950-53) at National Law University Orissa, Cuttack, India.This lecturer is purely compiled from the web sources just for the use of nluo students. This work is not mine and it shall not be cited.
The Japanese launched a surprise attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on a Sunday morning in 1941. This brought the United States into World War 2 as it caused extensive damage and led Congress to declare war on Japan. The attack killed thousands of American soldiers and sailors and destroyed numerous battleships, marking "a date which will live in infamy" and changing the course of the war.
On December 7, 1941, Japanese forces launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. The attack destroyed or damaged 8 U.S. battleships and over 180 aircraft. Over 2,400 Americans were killed in the attack. In response, the U.S. entered World War II by declaring war on Japan. This engagement pulled the U.S. fully into what was already a global conflict between the Allied and Axis powers.
This Power Point presentation is designed for students to learn more about our history, specifically the attacks on Pearl Harbor. It is geared toward middle school to high school students.
Miki, hideo thoughts on a military history of the occupation of japan - the ...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides an overview and analysis of the military history of the US occupation of Japan from 1945-1952 from the perspective of a Japanese scholar. It discusses the strategies of the US, Soviet Union, and Japan at the end of WWII, including the US demand for unconditional surrender and the strategic importance of retaining the Japanese emperor. It analyzes aspects of the occupation such as demilitarization, war crimes trials, and the implications for maintaining peace. The document examines whether the occupation aligned with philosopher Immanuel Kant's principles of avoiding interference in other nations and ensuring future trust during peacetime.
On December 8, 1941, America declared war on Japan after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. FDR was determined to overwhelm the Axis powers with superior military production. Factories suspended civilian production and began manufacturing vast numbers of planes, tanks, vehicles, and other weapons. The U.S. also increased jobs and union membership to support the war effort. While the U.S. fleet was initially crippled at Pearl Harbor, American codebreakers helped turn the tide with victories at the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway in 1942.
Joe Tham is a senior infrastructure administrator with over 14 years of experience seeking a new position. He has extensive experience managing systems such as email, archiving, and core banking applications. His resume provides details of his technical skills and leadership experience managing infrastructure projects at his current employer, Bank of Hawaii.
The applicant is applying for the position of Biomedical Engineer. He has a Bachelor's degree in Biomedical Engineering from 2004 and over 15 years of experience working with medical equipment. His experience includes maintenance, repairs, installations and training for equipment like ventilators, monitors, ultrasound machines, defibrillators, and more. He is seeking a challenging position that offers professional growth and development opportunities.
- Heejoon Hwang has 8 years of experience researching and writing papers as part of the Multimedia Security Lab at Korea University's Graduate School of Information Security.
- He developed MATLAB coding and algorithms for image processing and watermarking, publishing 4 SCI papers in information hiding.
- He participated in over 10 national projects, developing skills in presentations, reporting, and hosting international conferences.
David Scott has over 30 years of experience in engineering roles. He currently works as a hydraulic field technician for Aker Solutions, where he is responsible for installation, testing, maintenance and repair of subsea hydraulic systems on offshore locations. Previously, he worked as an assembly and test engineer and a mechanical technician in the Royal Air Force for 14 years, where he maintained aircraft. He has qualifications in mechanical engineering, aeronautical engineering, hydraulics, pneumatics, electrical installation, welding and safety. He has worked in several countries on offshore oil and gas projects.
This document is a Form 10-K filed by Unisys Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2008. It provides an overview of Unisys' business operations, including information on its principal products and services, materials, patents, trademarks, seasonality, customers, backlog, competition, research and development activities, environmental matters, employees, international presence, and executive officers. Key details include that Unisys operates in Services and Technology segments, has over 29,000 employees worldwide, generated 17% of revenue from the US government in 2008, and lists biographies of its top executive officers.
Ahmed Khafagy is an Egyptian project manager seeking new opportunities. He has over 10 years of experience working on automatic meter reading and smart meter projects for electricity distribution companies in Egypt. His skills include troubleshooting IT issues, Microsoft products, and Linux servers. He holds several technical certifications related to smart grid technology.
Richard Sung-Bok Park has over 25 years of experience in information technology sales, management, and consulting. He is currently the head of TCIS (Tech, Consulting Integration Solutions) at Unisys Korea. His focus areas include security, data center transformation, end user support services, and application modernization. Prior to Unisys, he held sales and management roles at StorageTek and KCC. He also has military experience in information systems from his time as a lieutenant in the Korean Navy. Park aims to grow Unisys' business in Korea through his leadership and focus on client collaboration, service delivery, innovation, and integrity.
Young Kwan Cho is a PhD candidate in analytical chemistry at UMASS Lowell. His research focuses on physical chemistry, electrochemical analysis, and applied Raman spectroscopy. He has a MS in physical chemistry from Soongsil University in Korea and a BS in chemistry also from Soongsil University. He has worked as a research assistant and teaching assistant during his graduate studies. He has published 4 papers and presented posters at several conferences. He has received scholarships and awards for his academic excellence.
I am a Math major with Accounting minor. I am well-skilled with Microsoft Excel, Access, and Word. I'm bilingual in English and Korean. My interest is in finance-related field.
I served in the South Korean army from August of 2013 to May of 2015. I was a squad leader and learned leadership and responsibility.
Pratyush Pandab is a user experience researcher based in Oulu, Finland. He has over 5 years of experience as a research scientist specializing in human-computer interaction and user experience. Some of his areas of focus include smartphone instrumentation, Android application development, usability testing, and user-centered design. He has a Master's degree in human-centered interactive technologies and has published papers in top HCI conferences. References praise his academic skills, motivation, teamwork, and insights in research.
LOH Poh Lee is a senior sales consultant at Dong Hwang Ginseng Center in Seoul, South Korea. She has over 10 years of experience in sales and customer service roles in Malaysia, the UK, and South Korea. She holds diplomas in tourism, accounting, makeup artistry, and languages. Her work experience includes positions in tourism operations, event management, retail, and brand promotion across Asia and Europe.
This document contains the resume of Gopinathan P with his contact details, objective, academic qualifications, work experience, roles and responsibilities, skills, and personal details. He has a B.E in Computer Science and Engineering with over 3 years of experience as a Technical Support Engineer. His skills include desktop administration, hardware maintenance, networking, and working knowledge of Windows operating systems, Outlook, and server administration. He is looking for a challenging role to utilize his technical skills and help with the organization's growth.
Carl Pullein is a British citizen with an F2 Visa in Korea. He has worked as an English instructor and manager at BCM Language Institute in Seoul since 2002. Prior to that, he worked as a paralegal and solicitor in Leeds, UK. He has a law degree from Leeds Metropolitan University and is skilled in areas like public speaking, design, and computer programs. One of his achievements is developing a successful business English course at BCM.
Wl Guyton Resume 2010 With References Account ManagerLarry Guyton
This resume is for Walter L. Guyton and provides a summary of his background and work experience over 20+ years in outside sales, business development, and account management roles. His experience includes developing new clients and revenue streams for companies in various industries such as energy, healthcare, government, and technology. Recent roles include Business Development Executive at The Bartech Group and Senior Account Executive roles at DISYS and RCG Information Technology.
Resume of Justin Joonhee Koo(HVAC Controls Technician)Justin Joonhee Koo
Justin Joonhee Koo is seeking a position as an HVAC Controls Technician/Programmer. He has over 5 years of experience providing interpreting services in both medical and legal settings. He is fluent in Korean, English, and some Mandarin. He has an EPA Universal Certification and has taken HVAC and electrical courses. He also has experience programming HVAC control systems and working as an HVAC technician.
Phillip L. Ursery has over 20 years of experience as an electrical and instrumentation engineer for Kimberly-Clark Corporation, working on both domestic and international projects. He has expertise in PLCs, drives, sensors, electrical systems, and more. Some of his responsibilities include specification writing, design, procurement, construction oversight, and safety reviews. He has delivered projects on time and under budget, such as saving $630,000 on a project in Georgia.
This document is a resume for Jordan Cortina summarizing their experience in the Army for 4.5 years as a Signal Corps Specialist in satellite communications including overseas duty in South Korea maintaining communications services and duty at Ft. Hood, TX managing $100 million in equipment. They have leadership experience supervising personnel and equipment and resolving conflicts.
Jose Alcantara has over 35 years of experience in telecommunications installation, maintenance, and management. He has worked extensively with both military and commercial satellite, cable, telephone, and internet systems. Alcantara's background includes roles as a senior satellite technician, electronics technician supervisor, and technical controller where he installed and maintained infrastructure and oversaw teams of technicians. He has an extensive education background in telecommunications systems and management.
Harry Galicia has over 25 years of experience in instrumentation and control roles in the oil and gas industry. He has extensive experience commissioning FPSOs, FSOs, and platforms in locations like Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Dubai, and Korea. His background includes roles as an instrumentation technician, ICSS lead technician, and DCS technician on projects for ExxonMobil, MODEC, Petronas, and others. He holds a Bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering.
Sangbin Jeon has studied electrical engineering at Korea University and Seoul National University. He is currently pursuing a Master's degree in electrical engineering at Seoul National University, with a GPA of 4.06/4.30. His research has focused on semiconductor device fabrication and analysis of leakage currents in transistors. He has worked on projects for Samsung involving DRAM and logic devices. Jeon has published several journal papers and presented at multiple conferences on topics related to MOSFETs, FinFETs, and random telegraph noise. He is skilled in TCAD simulation, nanofabrication techniques, and semiconductor characterization equipment.
The document discusses the changing security dynamics between North Korea and South Korea as well as their relationships with the rest of the world, particularly the United States. It provides historical background on the division of Korea after World War 2 and the Korean War. It then outlines recent key events, such as North Korea's nuclear tests, negotiations between North and South Korea, and summits between North Korean and US leaders. The document concludes by noting North Korea's growing military capabilities and calling for diplomatic solutions through cooperation between the US, North Korea, South Korea, and China.
Nourish International is a global nonprofit that partners with colleges across the US to fundraise for and implement community development projects in developing areas. Students run ventures throughout the year to earn money for projects, then travel abroad over the summer to work with local communities on implementing solutions. Their mission is to eradicate poverty through engaging students and empowering communities.
Nourish International is a global nonprofit that engages students in fundraising ventures to support community development projects in impoverished areas. Students run campaigns throughout the year to raise money, then travel abroad in the summer to partner with local communities to implement solutions. The organization's mission is to eradicate poverty through student engagement and community empowerment.
The document summarizes the crisis in North Korea regarding its nuclear program. It provides background on North Korea's history and leadership. It describes North Korea's intentions to develop nuclear weapons for defense purposes. It outlines the key events in North Korea's nuclear crisis, including the 1994 Agreed Framework with the US that later broke down, North Korea withdrawing from the NPT in 2003, and ongoing six-party talks aimed at denuclearization.
This document discusses two major challenges facing intelligence analysts over the next twelve months: North Korea's nuclear capabilities and Iran's potential nuclear weapons program. Regarding North Korea, the document analyzes North Korea's motivations for its recent nuclear rhetoric and escalation, including gaining concessions from other countries. It also examines the possibility of North Korea proliferating nuclear technology or weapons to other states or terrorist groups. Regarding Iran, the document discusses the need to determine Iran's true nuclear intentions and the potential consequences of military action against or inaction on Iran's nuclear program. It also considers how events related to North Korea may influence Iran's policies.
This document analyzes the nuclear and conventional military capabilities of North Korea and the threat they pose. It discusses North Korea's large standing army, artillery, armored forces, navy, air force and ballistic missile systems. While outdated in some areas, North Korea's military hardware and 1 million troops present a serious threat. The document recommends a policy approach that combines diplomacy, incentives for North Korea, closer cooperation with China, and maintained US military deterrence to reduce tensions and pursue denuclearization.
“From Collective Responsibility to Collective Solution: The Shared History Korean Peninsula Crises,” presented by Dr. Mark E. Caprio at ICAS on February 21, 2019.
North Korea conducted its fourth nuclear test on January 6th at its Punggye-ri test site. The test was unlikely to have been a true hydrogen bomb, as North Korea claimed, but possibly involved tritium in a "boosted bomb" or was a test of a fission weapon primary. Additional sanctions are the most likely outcome, as North Korea has not yet miniaturized a nuclear warhead. The test had a similar seismic magnitude to North Korea's 2013 test.
This document discusses changing military strategies in Asia, comparing the Cold War era to the present. During the Cold War, the main threat was the Soviet Union and strategy focused on deterrence. Now threats are diverse and unclear, and strategy focuses on defense and regional disputes. It describes the Soviet strategy of using the Sea of Okhotsk and China's similar strategy of using the South China Sea. The US strategy during the Cold War of attacking those areas is similar to current concepts like Air-Sea Battle. However, China developing anti-ship missiles increases risks compared to the Soviet Union. Geographic factors are now more favorable to Japan compared to the Cold War.
Developing Countries Pursuing Nuclear Technologycwihhs
In This Podcast, We'll Be Discussing Nuclear Proliferation. We'll Take a Look at Two Well-Known Developing Countries Who have Nuclear Ambitions, and Explain The implications of allowing these countries to develop nuclear technology.
The document discusses the Six Party Talks between the US, North Korea, South Korea, China, Japan and Russia aimed at ending North Korea's nuclear program. It provides a timeline of developments from 1994 to 2010, including North Korean nuclear and missile tests and agreements made. The US stance is outlined, favoring bilateral talks over returning to stalled multilateral Six Party Talks until North Korea shows responsibility. Three options are presented: not returning to talks, leaving the option open, or an immediate return. The decision is to not push for an immediate return but leave future talks possible depending on North Korea's actions.
North Korea has pursued an aggressive nuclear program since 1993 when it withdrew from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. It has conducted nuclear tests in 2006, 2009, and 2013 in violation of agreements made during negotiations with the United States and other countries through the Six Party Talks process. The current leader, Kim Jong-un, took power in 2011 and oversaw North Korea's nuclear test in 2013 while also consolidating power by killing his uncle. North Korea continues negotiations over its nuclear program but has a history of making agreements then backing out.
North Korea operates as a Marxist-Leninist state and represents a threat to US national security through its nuclear weapons program and support of international terrorism. It has engaged in proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and tested nuclear weapons in 2006 and 2009 in violation of agreements, causing the UN to impose sanctions. However, North Korea has continued its nuclear program and negotiations have had limited success due to North Korea's unwillingness to fully dismantle its nuclear capabilities and proliferation activities with countries like Syria and Iran.
The document summarizes U.S.-North Korea relations from the 1980s to present day. It discusses key events like the Agreed Framework in 1994, the Bush administration labeling North Korea part of the "axis of evil" in 2002, and summits between Trump and Kim Jong Un. It analyzes the Biden administration's approach of seeking the "complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula" through diplomacy while acknowledging that interim steps may improve security. However, North Korea has continued missile tests in violation of UN resolutions and declared it will never denuclearize. The relationship remains tense with little current diplomatic engagement.
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Despite years of international condemnation, diplomacy, and pressure, North Korea has succeeded in developing a relatively small nuclear arsenal, one which is poised for further gradual expansion, in terms of both size and sophistication, in the future.
This power point presentation summarizes the nuclear arms race that occurred between the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War. It details some of the key events and tests conducted by both countries in their pursuit to develop more advanced nuclear weapons, including the US dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. It also discusses other countries like the UK, France, and China developing their own nuclear weapons programs during this period and concludes with the Cuban Missile Crisis bringing the US and Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war.
North Korea, officially called the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is a sovereign state located in East Asia on the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. It has had a tumultuous relationship with the United States and South Korea over its nuclear weapons program. Key events included North Korea announcing its withdrawal from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1993, resulting in increased tensions. In 1994, the United States and North Korea agreed to a deal where North Korea would freeze its nuclear program in exchange for aid, but this agreement broke down under the Bush Administration in 2002. Since then, six-party talks have aimed for denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, but North Korea has continued developing its nuclear weapons capability.
This document provides an introduction and table of contents for a research report on the Bush Administration's policy toward North Korea from 2002 to 2008. The introduction discusses the image of North Korea as an enemy in the US war on terror and how Bush's hostile rhetoric exacerbated tensions. It also examines the implications of North Korea's nuclear program for regional stability and non-proliferation regimes. The table of contents outlines that the report will examine the North Korean nuclear threat, Bush administration policies, prospects under Obama, and provide a conclusion with recommendations.
Here are some recommendations the committee could make to further nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament:
1. Urge all states that possess nuclear weapons to decrease their stockpiles in accordance with their obligations under Article VI of the NPT, with the ultimate goal of total elimination of nuclear weapons.
2. Encourage states to establish additional nuclear-weapon-free zones, especially in regions like the Middle East that currently do not have any treaties.
3. Call on all states, especially those not party to the NPT, to accept comprehensive International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on all their nuclear activities and sign an Additional Protocol.
4. Request that the P5 states take further unilateral measures to reduce the
Similar to N Ks Second Nuclear Crisis (May June2009) (20)
1. North Korea’s Second Nuclear Crisis
By Dewi Barnas (18 June 2009)
On May 25th, coincided with United States’ Memorial Day, North Korea once again executed a nuclear test and created tension in the
region. Seoul's National Intelligence Service said Tuesday that the second test by the North was believed to have an explosive force
four to eight times stronger than that of the first test.[1] However, even a few weeks after the test was conducted, there was no
radioactive material found in the air samples in the vicinity.
Nevertheless, the alleged nuclear test did create an anxiety in the region. President Lee Myung Bak of South Korea immediately
discussed the situation with Japanese Prime Minister Taro Aso and the leaders of other allies in the afternoon of t he launching.[2] On
a brief phone conversation, President Lee and President Barack Obama of the United States (U.S.) also agreed to seek a stern, unified
reaction to North Korea’s action.[3] The next day, South Korea immediately indicated to join the U.S. in its anti-proliferation
campaign and the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), which they have been avoiding for years since the previous Roh Moo -Hyun
administration. This was promptly responded by North Korea with a threat of taking the move as a de facto declaration of war.[4]
A third nuclear test was suspected to be conducted on June 16 th, the exact same day as a meeting was scheduled between President Lee
and President Obama in Washington. Despite their vile threat, there was no nuclear activity recorded in North Korea on the day. The
meeting went smoothly between Lee and Obama, and the discussion ranged from the nuclear crisis to the Free Trade Agreement
(FTA) between the two countries that is still under discussion.
A lot of controversies spin around as what was behind this recent nuclear test. Some say that the nuclear test was aimed at distracting
international attention from North Korea’s ailing economy and providing a stage for Kim Jong Il’s youngest son’s to resume the
throne.[5] While others say that it was aimed at getting U.S.’ attention back, since North Korea has felt quite neglected by Obama’s
administration, as well as displaying their progress in nuclear capability.[6]
2. Overview of North Korea Provocations Over the Years
Pyongyang’s first nuclear crisis took place in 1998, with the launching of Taepodong rocket that flies over Japan and landed in the
Pacific Ocean. Within the decade since then, there have been many more incidents provoked by North Korea, while also there hav e
been some remarkable achievements reached through bilateral and multilateral negotiations with the rogue state. The following table
will briefly show the fluctuation of North Korean nuclear crisis, since Kim Jong Il first took the throne from his father, vi ewed from
the different regimes that he dealt with in South Korea.
Kim Dae Jung Roh Moo Hyun Lee Myung Bak
(1998-2001) (2002-2007) (2008-present)
Taepodong launch. North and South Korean naval Expelled South Korean
South Korea captured North vessels waged a gun battle in the managers from joint
Korean mini submarines in its Yellow Sea; some 30 North industrial base in Kaesong.
waters; 9 crews inside were Koreans and 4 South Korean North Korean soldiers shot a
found dead. sailors were killed. South Korean tourist in Mount
Reactivated Yongbyon nuclear Kumkang special tourism area
reactor and kicked out IAEA of North Korea, in June 2008.
inspectors on December 2006. Launched a three-stage
Assaults and Withdrawal from Nuclear Non- rocket capable of carrying a
Offenses Proliferation Treaty (NPT). warhead that could reach part
Striked 7 missiles, including one of the US, in April 2009.
long-range Taepodong 2 and Conducted second nuclear
several medium-range rockets on test on May 25th, 2009.
American Independence Day (4th Fired a total of 5 missiles
of July) in 2006. in the 2 days that followed.
Conducted first nuclear test Prepared to launch an
on October 26th, 2006. ICBM (Inter-Continental
Ballistic Missile).
3. Ultimatum that any move
taken by the U.S. or South
Korea is a de facto
declaration of war.
Reconciliation and Cooperation Peace and Prosperity Policy Mutual benefit and Co-
“Sunshine Policy” to engage Passengers train crossed the Prosperity policy
North Korea through cross- North-South border for the first
border business projects. time in 56 years.
Inter-Korean Summit in The second Inter-Korea Summit
South Korea’s Pyongyang on June 2000. was held in Pyongyang on Called a review of North
Approach October 2007. Korean policy.
and/or The summit was followed with Roh symbolically crossed the
Achievements cabinet-level meetings between yellow line that officially
South and North Korean officials, separated the two countries,
three family reunions, and a host of watched by millions of viewers
Criticism toward North Korea’s
working-level meetings on a variety on national and international
human rights record.
issues. televisions.
1. Preventing a war on Korean 1. Promoting peace on the Korean 1. Further enhancement of inter-
peninsula Peninsula Korean relationship along with
2. Easing military tensions and 2. Pursuing co-prosperity changes in North Korea
establishing peace o Realizing co-prosperity of 2. Realizing an advanced Korean
Policy Goals of 3. Substantiality improving the both Korea peninsula through peace and
South Korea[7] inter-Korean relationship o Pursuing co-prosperity of economic community
4. Inducing changes in North Korea the Northeast Asia 3. Laying the foundation for
5. Achieving a peaceful and gradual peaceful unification through
unification which people on both Koreas
can live happily
Kim successfully ensured Roh was often confrontational Agreed to join PSI with US
Clinton’s administration that toward the US. and Japan, which was
North Korea will cooperate. Rejected US’ Proliferation rejected by the previous
South Korea – Not in-line with Bush’ Security Initiative (PSI) administration.
US Alliance administration policy. Agreed to the relocate one third Lining policies with the US
of the US Forces in Korea (USFK) and allies.
Reduce financial share to USFK in
2004.
4. More of a partnership than a
patron-client relationship
Conducted talks to regain
wartime operational control from
the US.
- Agreed to denuclearization in Withdrawal from Six-Party
exchange to emergency energy Talks in April 2009.
assistance.
North Korean IAEA was allowed access to
Reciprocity in verify the shutdown of Yongbyon
Six-Party reactor.
Talks Agreed to shut down nuclear
facilities, deadlocked on the talk
to disablement and
dismantlement of the facilities.
International Response
North Korea’s second nuclear test came as a shock in South Korea, which is still mourning over the lost of their previous president
Roh Moo-Hyun. However, North Korean government claimed that the test was already scheduled before the incident happened and
had nothing to do with Roh’s death. The timing could not be any worse for South Korea, which was also hosting the ASEAN-Korea
Commemorative Summit and thus had all heads of governments from ten Southeast Asian nations invited to the country just a few
days after the test.
President Lee quickly called for joining the U.S.-led PSI strategy, and even regretted Obama’s approach which was rather “soft”
toward the rogue nation in the early days of his administration. South Korea plans to sell steel products which were supposed to be
delivered to North Korea in return for denuclearization, as a sanction for the nuclear test they conducted.[8] Further, in a meeting
between South Korea’s Defense Minister Yu Myung Hwan and US’ Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on June 5 th, the two parties
5. agreed to take joint action and on the need of “extended deterrence” to protect South Korea under the US nuclear umbrella and
conventional military posture in times of emergency.
President Lee also met with President Obama in Washington on June 16th, to further discuss about US security umbrella in South
Korea. The summit, however, only resulted in limited response on North Korea’s offense. The two leaders agreed that South Kor ea
will play a larger role in fighting global challenges, either security or economic challenges; the U.S. in return will stand firm to
provide South Korea with security deterrence capabilities as well as its nuclear umbrella. The two presidents also signed a d ocument
titled the Joint Vision for the Alliance of the USA and the ROK, which is basically a reassurance on the alliance’ commitments on
common goals and strategic operations on every level.[9]
Meanwhile, the rest of Six-Party Talks member countries, particularly Japan, also condemned North Korea’s belligerent act.
Currently, Tokyo prohibits port entry to North Korean ships and exports of luxury items and material related to weapons of ma ss
destruction.[10] Aso also reached out to South Korean President Lee Myung Bak, who confirmed the importance of tripartite
cooperation with the U.S.[11] Concurrently, Japanese Foreign Minister Hirofumi Nakasone also tried to secure China’s support for a
new Security Council Resolution.[12] Japan and South Korea also joined in United Nations Security Council (UNSC) discussion to
draft a resolution sanctioning North Korea for its latest act, which took approximately 2 weeks to reach agreement.
After the first nuclear test which was conducted in 2006, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) adopted Resolution 1718,
which called for partial arms embargo, ban on luxury goods, and ship searches for illegal weapons or materials toward North
Korea.[13] However, the recent negotiation to draft another resolution did not proceed smoothly; as China and Russia were undecided
on the level of severity they would consent to apply sanction on North Korea. The full 15-member council finally adopted Resolution
1784 on June 12th, which reaffirmed the previous resolution to ban all weapons exports from North Korea and most arms imports into
the country. It also authorized U.N. member states to inspect cargo, requiring North Korean sea, air and land cargo, requiring them to
seize and destroy shipped goods that violate the sanctions.[14] On the financial side, the resolution forbids transactions and money
flows that could support Pyongyang's missile or nuclear program. It also prohibits all financial assistance other than for humanitarian
or development purposes.[15]
6. The resolution was immediately rebuffed by North Korea, claiming that the resolution was orchestrated by the U.S. and does not hold
any ground from the point of view of international law. Further, North Korea stated that they will response the resolution by
weaponizing the newly extracted plutonium, and any kind of blockade that the U.S. or “its followers” attempt at North Korea will be
regarded as an act of war and met with a decisive military response.[16]
Condemnations on North Korea’s latest move do not only come from the parties in Six Party Talks, but also from European Union ,
Australia, ASEAN, and even Iran. Leaders of ASEAN member states and President Lee Myung Bak took time to adopt a Join Press
Statement in the midst of their summit in Jeju do, South Korea, to denounce the nuclear test.[17]
US Policy on North Korea
The beginning of Obama’s administration in the U.S. brings a lot of hope for people in many countries. America’s maturity to elect a
president from a minority group was expected to also be the beginning of a whole new chapter in American global policy. In North
Korean nuclear issue, in particular, Obama has particularly shown a different intention of U.S’ foreign policy by calling for a renewal
of American diplomacy, by talking to both friends and foes.[18]
Despite Obama’s openness to have a dialogue with Kim Jong Il, North Korea’s request to let their nuclear negotiator, Kim Kye-Gwan
to attend Obama’s inauguration was plainly rejected by the administration.[19] This among others was translated by North Korea as a
sign of U.S’ consistency in carrying confrontational policy toward them, despite the rhetoric of Obama’s engagement policy.[20]
7. Nevertheless, Obama’s administration policy has been essentially “benevolent”, especially in comparison with Bush’ administration.
Defense Secretary Robert Gates has made it clear that the U.S. was not considering military action against North Korea, but t he
preferable course was to inflict “real pain” on the regime with tough sanctions.[21] The U.S. has also made clear that they will not
tolerate North Korea’s aggressive attitude, by rewarding or fulfilling their demands following a military assault.[22]
The fact is, up until June now, Obama’s nominee for Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Kurt Campbell,
was still not confirmed by the Senate; which leaves a key policymaking role for East Asia unfulfilled.[23] This is probably one of the
reasons why Obama’s administration was rather undecided on how to deal with the recent nuclear test.
Up to May 29th, State Department had still not elaborate on what kind of sanctions Washington was seeking, but diplomats in New
York said that the U.S.-drafted resolution circulated later in the day among the 15-member of UNSC members called for financial
sanctions, among others, on North Korea.[24] U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates said that the administration of President Obama
and its allies were still open to dialogue but won’t bend to pressure or provocation.[25]
North Korea is also reported to have captured two American journalists earlier this year, near the North Korean border while on
reporting trip to China.[26] The two journalists were convicted with 12 years labor work in North Korean labor prison camp on
charges of illegal entry and “hostile acts”.[27] There is an increasing anxiousness that North Korea might use them as bargaining chips
in negotiations with the U.S.[28] This also adds to the factors to be considered in U.S. final call on how to deal with North Korean
regime.
Current Development
8. Following the nuclear test, North Korea launched six ground-to-ship and ground-to-air missiles two days in a row, making it difficult
for South Korea, the U.S, and Japanese airplanes to measure the radioactivity-level of the nuclear test conducted.[29] Japan's Defense
Ministry said it has sent several T-4 fighters on surveillance missions to monitor radiation levels, without any results. The firing of
anti-aircraft and anti-ship missiles was said to deter U.S. and Japanese ships and aircraft from coming close to collect evidence of the
nuclear test, while at the same time threatening South Korea.[30] A quake expert and official at Japan Meteorological Agency said
that North Korea’s latest nuclear test was measured at magnitude -5.3, higher than the first nuclear test in 2006 which was at
magnitude -4.9.[31] However, a few days after the test was conducted, there was still no radioactive material found in the vicinity.
In the recent development, North Korea has also banned vessels from navigating in the mid and upper parts of the Yellow Sea for
nearly two months until the end of July.[32] Pyongyang has also warned to conduct military strikes against South Korean and U.S.
naval ships that are operating along the western sea border, where North and South Korean naval vessels waged a gun battle in 2002
which resulted casualties on both sides.
They are also reported to have had transported their most advanced long-range missile to a launch site on its western coasts. They
were also preparing to launch several medium-range missiles, possibly modified versions of the Rodong series, from a base in the east
coast of the country.[33] The latest missile which is believed to be capable of reaching the US was reported to be ready for launch in a
week or two.[34]
Meanwhile, South Korea – U.S. Combined Forces Command (CFC) has upgraded their surveillance level on North Korea, following
the latest nuclear test and the firing of six short-range missiles on May 25 th-26th.[35] The CFC, led by a four-star American army
general, raised its Watch Condition (WATCHCON) to level 2, which denotes vital indications of a security threat – WATCHCON for
normal peace time is level 4.[36] South Korean navy has also deployed a brand-new patrol boat armed with state-of-the-art ship-to-
ship guided missiles to waters on the western coast yesterday, to anticipate for any possible development in North Korea.[37]
Meanwhile, the air force will also carry out a training exercise with its high-tech F-15K fleet, which is capable of air-to-ground, air-to-
air, and air-to-sea missions day and night, in any weather conditions.[38]
9. It is rather difficult to predict what might come out next in North Korea’s nuclear strategy, since the international community seems to
be running out of time to continue whatever it is that has been reached so far with Kim Jong Il. Intelligence source has reported that
short after the nuclear test, a memo was circulated to North Korean embassies overseas notifying that Kim Jong Il’s third son, 26
years-old Kim Jong-Un, will continue his father’s footstep as the leader of the communist state.[39] Some sources said that the memo
was part of the official succession, which is not yet complete; and other sources said that North Korea Workers Party members,
military personnel, and diplomats have taken an oath of allegiance to Kim, Jr.[40]
Currently, South Korean and U.S. intelligence authorities have begun surveillance on 11 North Korean sites on possible third nuclear
test, as an act of response to UNSC sanctions.[41] Washington had sent a fact-finding team to Geumchang-ri in exchange for
providing 600,000 tons of rice to North Korea, but failed to find any proof of nuclear activities there.
Regime Change
Kim Jong-Un, who is issued to carry on North Korea’s leadership torch, is the youngest son of Kim Jong Il. North Korea’s next leader
is reported to have attended the International School of Bern in Switzerland in the late 1990’s, under the pseudonym of Chol Pak. A
former classmate described him as a shy student who loved basketball and Jean-Claude Van Damme.[42] A Swiss news magazine,
L'Hebdo, reported earlier this year that classmates recalled him as timid and introvert but an avid skier, basketball player and fan of
NBA star Michael Jordan.[43] He was humble and willing to step in to break up schoolyard fights, a former school director told the
magazine.[44] Susanna Schranz, a spokeswoman for the private school, however, refused to comment, noting that for some parents,
"discretion is really important."[45] After returning to Pyongyang, he attended the Kim Il Sung Military University, and graduated in
2007.[46]
Little is known about Kim Jong-Un, who has made only few public appearances since his Switzerland days. Pictures of the young boy
from his days in Switzerland is no longer verifiable as he had ballooned to nearly 200 pounds as he had developed a drinking habit
following the lost of his mother – Kim Jong Il’s third wife – in 2004.[47]
10. In Pyongyang schools, the authorities seem to have started to arouse an atmosphere of succession. According t o a Japanese source,
children in North Korean elementary schools have started learning a new song, “The Song of General Kim Jong Woon.”[48] The same
information was reported by South Korean Dong-A Ilbo later in the week. The source reported that children were not allowed to go
home before they memorized the song. The schools also taught the children that Kim Jong-Un is 34 to 36 years old, ten years older
than his actual age.[49] Officials of the Party also inflate his career, by even saying that he graduated from seven universities.[50]
However, there is skepticism rousing among analysts, because there has not been official nominating process in Pyongyang, nor any
official announcement concerning Kim Jong-Un’s succession.[51] Instead of Kim Jong-Un, there is likeliness that Kim Jong Il’s
brother in-law, Chang Sung-Taek, will play an even more crucial rule as Kim Jong-Un’s regent.[52] Washington Post reported that
since last summer, when Kim Jong Il was said to have suffered a stroke, Chang had been consistently mentioned in propaganda a nd
has been named frequently in connection with Kim Jong Il.[53] Chang was also recently elected to the National Defense Committee,
which aroused even more suspicion to the international community.
Kim Jong Il was originally believed to want to name a successor by 2012 – the centenary of the birth of his father, Kim Il Sung.[54]
However, his health conditions, among other things, seem to have stepped up the pace, marked by the launching of “150-day battle” to
urge North Koreans to work harder to build the country’s economy. In 1970’s, Kim Il Su ng also arranged for his son to take credit for
a “70-day battle” before he was affirmatively announced as the Great Leader’s successor.
“150-day battle” is a propaganda that has progressed from May 10 th, the foundation day of the Worker’s Party, to October 10th this
year.[55] The fundamental aims of this movement are construction of houses, normalization of farming and railroads, and enhancing
the activities of local factories and mines.[56] One source said that the backdrop of the battle is to prepare an economic breakthrough
to achieve the completion of the strong and prosperous state by 2012.[57] The workers Party is reported to have handed a secret letter
containing a detailed tasks to complete a strong and prosperous socialist state by 2012.[58] The precise production goals for the strong
and prosperous state announced in the letter were to generate 7.76 million kilowatts of electricity a year, pr oduce 33 million tons of
11. metal, 13 million metric tons of coal and 7 million metric tons of food, move 72 million metric tons of freight and, additionally,
modernize the economy and technology-intensive industries.[59]
North-South Relation
Former South Korean President Kim Dae Jung had just returned from his trip to Beijing and Washington when North Korea launched
the second nuclear test. The former president analyzed that Kim Jong Il’s move was fueled by his disappointment to Obama’s
administration, who did not give him the attention he deserves.[60] He complained that while Obama focuses on Afghanistan,
Pakistan, the Middle East, Iran, Russia, and “even Cuba,” he has not even appointed his full time experts on North Korea yet.[61] The
former president further analyzed that Kim Jong Il is in a great hurry, despite his recently reported recovery from stroke, t o secure a
successor. And to do so, he needs the Western superpower’s recognition.[62]
However, Kim Dae Jung is not voicing the popular opinion in South Korea. Soon after the nuclear test was known by public,
protesters gathered in South Korea and burn North Korean flag and portraits of Kim Jong Il. Conservative protesters even rallied with
a mock North Korean missile during an anti-North Korean rally in Seoul on June 2 nd.[63] Some protesters also hold pictures of Kim
Jong Il and his assumed successor, Kim Jong-Un, in the demonstration. This view is also shared by a lot of security experts, who
mostly believe that North Korea is merely using the nuclear program as some kind of trump card to extort guarantees of the re gime’s
survival and financial assistance from the US – as it usually does.[64]
Another issue that remains unsettled in North-South relation is the continuation of the joint industrial complex of Kaesong, which is
located in North Korea. North Korea has suggested a four times raise for North Korean worker’s in the industrial area, and 500 million
dollars rent for the use of approximately 3.3 million square meters of land.[65] Aside from that, North Korea is also still holding one
South Korean worker who was working on the complex for more than 70 days now.
12. End-Notes
[1] Korea Times, 26 May 2009.
[2] Korea Times, 25 May 2009.
[3] Korea Times, 26 May 2009.
[4] Ibid.
[5] Reuters, 26 May 2009.
[6] Ibid.
[7] Park Hyung Jung, “Seeking Sustainable North Korea Policy 1: Centering around the Former Government’s Policies for the Last Ten Years”, presented in
2009 South-South Dialogue: Seeking Sustainable North Korea Policy Through South-South Cooperation, 14 May 2009.
[8] Korea Times, 31 May 2009.
[9] Korea Herald, 16 June 2009.
[10] Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 27 May 2009.
[11] Ibid.
[12] Ibid.
[13] Korea Herald, 1 June 2009.
[14] Korea Herald, 15 June 2009.
[15] Arab Herald, 13 June 2009.
[16] Reuters, 13 June 2009.
[17] Korea IT Times, 2 June 2009.
[18] Council on Foreign Relations, 21 January 2008.
[19] Newsweek, 29 January 2009
[20] New York Times, 8 may 2009.
[21] The Telegraph, 20 May 2009.
[22] Korea Times, 17 June 2009.
[23] Washington Times, 26 May 2009.
[24] Korea Times, 29 May 2009.
[25] Korea Times, 31 May 2009.
[26] Korea Times, 4 June 2009.
[27] Ibid.
[28] Ibid.
[29] Associated Press, 2 June 2009.
[30] Ibid.
[31] Ibid.
13. [32] Korea Times, 1 June 2009.
[33] Ibid.
[34] Associated Press, 3 June 2009.
[35] Korea Times, 28 may 2009.
[36] Ibid.
[37] Korea Times, 2 June 2009.
[38] Ibid.
[39] Ibid.
[40] Ibid.
[41] Korea Herald, 16 June 2009.
[42] Associated Press, 2 June 2009.
[43] Ibid.
[44] Ibid.
[45] Ibid.
[46] Ibid.
[47] Ibid.
[48] Daily NK, 21 May 2009.
[49] Ibid.
[50] Ibid.
[51] Washington Post, 3 June 2009.
[52] Ibid.
[53] Ibid.
[54] Associated Press, 2 June 2009.
[55] Daily NK, 6 May 2009.
[56] Ibid.
[57] Ibid.
[58] Ibid.
[59] Ibid.
[60] Spiegel Online International, 1 June 2009.
[61] Ibid.
[62] Ibid.
[63] Reuters, 2 June 2009.
[64] Spiegel Online International, 1 June 2009.